stateless_lambda.hpp

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// Copyright (C) 2020-2024 Jonathan Müller and lexy contributors
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSL-1.0
 
#ifndef LEXY_DETAIL_STATELESS_LAMBDA_HPP_INCLUDED
#define LEXY_DETAIL_STATELESS_LAMBDA_HPP_INCLUDED
 
#include <lexy/_detail/config.hpp>
 
namespace lexy::_detail
{
template <typename Lambda>
struct stateless_lambda
{
    static_assert(std::is_class_v<Lambda>);
    static_assert(std::is_empty_v<Lambda>);
 
    static constexpr Lambda get()
    {
        if constexpr (std::is_default_constructible_v<Lambda>)
        {
            // We're using C++20, lambdas are default constructible.
            return Lambda();
        }
        else
        {
            // We're not having C++20; use a sequence of weird workarounds to legally construct a
            // Lambda object without invoking any constructors.
            // This works and is well-defined, but sadly not constexpr.
            // Taken from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yTb6xz_FSkY
 
            // We're defining two standard layout types that have a char as a common initial
            // sequence (as the Lambda is empty, it doesn't add anymore members to B).
            struct A
            {
                char member;
            };
            struct B : Lambda
            {
                char member;
            };
            static_assert(std::is_standard_layout_v<A> && std::is_standard_layout_v<B>);
 
            // We put the two types in a union and initialize the a member, which we can do.
            union storage_t
            {
                A a;
                B b;
            } storage{};
 
            // We can now take the address of member via b, as it is in the common initial sequence.
            auto char_ptr = &storage.b.member;
            // char_ptr is a pointer to the first member of B, so we can reinterpret_cast it to a
            // pointer to B.
            auto b_ptr = reinterpret_cast<B*>(char_ptr);
            // Now we're having a pointer to a B object, which can we can cast to the base class
            // Lambda.
            auto lambda_ptr = static_cast<Lambda*>(b_ptr);
            // Dereference the pointer to get the lambda object.
            return *lambda_ptr;
        }
    }
 
    template <typename... Args>
    constexpr decltype(auto) operator()(Args&&... args) const
    {
        return get()(LEXY_FWD(args)...);
    }
};
} // namespace lexy::_detail
 
#endif // LEXY_DETAIL_STATELESS_LAMBDA_HPP_INCLUDED