dcrba.py

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#
# Copyright (c) 2016 CNRS
#
 
from __future__ import print_function
 
import pinocchio as pin
from pinocchio.robot_wrapper import RobotWrapper
from pinocchio.utils import *
from numpy.linalg import norm
import lambdas
from lambdas import Mcross, ancestors, parent, iv, td, quad, adj, adjdual
 
 
def hessian(robot, q, crossterms=False):
    """
    Compute the Hessian tensor of all the robot joints.
    If crossterms, then also compute the Si x Si terms,
    that are not part of the true Hessian but enters in some computations like VRNEA.
    """
    lambdas.setRobotArgs(robot)
    H = np.zeros([6, robot.model.nv, robot.model.nv])
    pin.computeJointJacobians(robot.model, robot.data, q)
    J = robot.data.J
    skiplast = -1 if not crossterms else None
    for joint_i in range(1, robot.model.njoints):
        for joint_j in ancestors(joint_i)[:skiplast]:  # j is a child of i
            for i in iv(joint_i):
                for j in iv(joint_j):
                    Si = J[:, i]
                    Sj = J[:, j]
                    H[:, i, j] = np.asarray(Mcross(Sj, Si))[:, 0]
    return H
 
 
# CRBA ====>       Mp[i,j] += Si.transpose()*Yk*Sj
# D-CRBA ==>   TSi Y Sj + Si Y TSj - Si YSdx Sj + Si SdxY Sj
# Term a = term d && term b = term c  --- or are null
#    -> term a is null if j<=diff
#    -> term d is null if diff>k
#    -> then a-d is nonzero only when k>=diff>j
# Due to simplification, terms cancel to the following:
#    if i<d (always true)    M[i,j,d]  =   Si.T Yd TjSd   (= -Si.T Yd Sd x Sj)
#    if j<d (possibly false) M[i,j,d] += TdSi.T Yd   Sd   (= +Si.T Sdx Yd Sj)
# where Yd is the composite inertia of the minimal subtree rooted either at j or d.
 
 
class DCRBA:
    """
    Compute the derivative (tangent application) of the mass matrix M wrt q,
    which is a NVxNVxNV tensor.
    """
 
    def __init__(self, robot):
        self.robot = robot
        lambdas.setRobotArgs(robot)
 
    def pre(self, q):
        robot = self.robot
        self.H = hessian(robot, q)
        self.J = robot.data.J.copy()
        pin.crba(robot.model, robot.data, q)
        self.Y = [
            (robot.data.oMi[i] * robot.data.Ycrb[i]).matrix()
            for i in range(0, robot.model.njoints)
        ]
 
        self.dM = np.zeros(
            [
                robot.model.nv,
            ]
            * 3
        )
 
    def __call__(self):
        robot = self.robot
        J = self.J
        Y = self.Y
        dM = self.dM
        H = self.H
 
        for j in range(robot.model.njoints - 1, 0, -1):
            for joint_diff in range(
                1, robot.model.njoints
            ):  # diff should be a descendant or ancestor of j
                if j not in ancestors(joint_diff) and joint_diff not in ancestors(j):
                    continue
 
                for i in ancestors(min(parent(joint_diff), j)):
                    i0, i1 = iv(i)[0], iv(i)[-1] + 1
                    j0, j1 = iv(j)[0], iv(j)[-1] + 1
 
                    Si = J[:, i0:i1]
                    Sj = J[:, j0:j1]
 
                    for d in iv(joint_diff):
                        T_iSd = np.array(H[:, d, i0:i1])  # this is 0 if d<=i (<=j)
                        T_jSd = np.array(H[:, d, j0:j1])  # this is 0 is d<=j
 
                        """
                        assert( norm(T_iSd)<1e-6 or not joint_diff<i )  # d<i => TiSd=0
                        assert( norm(T_jSd)<1e-6 or not joint_diff<j )  # d<j => TjSd=0
                        assert( norm(T_jSd)<1e-6 or not norm(T_iSd)<1e-6 )  # TiSd=0 => TjSd=0
                        assert( norm(T_iSd)>1e-6 )
                        """
 
                        Yd = Y[max(j, joint_diff)]
 
                        dM[i0:i1, j0:j1, d] = T_iSd.T * Yd * Sj
                        if j < joint_diff:
                            dM[i0:i1, j0:j1, d] += Si.T * Yd * T_jSd
 
                        # Make dM triangular by copying strict-upper triangle to lower one.
                        if i != j:
                            dM[j0:j1, i0:i1, d] = dM[i0:i1, j0:j1, d].T
                        else:
                            dM[j0:j1, i0:i1, d] += np.triu(dM[i0:i1, j0:j1, d], 1).T
 
        return dM
 
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class VRNEA:
    """
    Compute the C tensor so that nle(q,vq) = vq C vq.
    Noting Cv = C*vq for an arbitrary robot velocity vq:
    Since Mdot = (Cv+Cv')/2, then C = dCv/dvq and dM/dq = (Cv+Cv')
 
    Q is index by i,j,k i.e. tau_k = v.T*Q[:,:,k]*v
    At level k, Qk is a lower triangular matrix (same shape as H) where:
      * rows i s.t. i>k are equals to Sk.T*Ycrb_i*S_ixS_j (j the col index),
      * rows i s.t. i<=k are equals to Sk.T*Ycrb_k*S_ixS_j (j the col index)
    To avoid the call to Ycrb_i>k, the first par is set up while computing Q_k
    """
 
    def __init__(self, robot):
        self.robot = robot
        lambdas.setRobotArgs(robot)
        self.YJ = zero([6, robot.model.nv])
        self.Q = np.zeros(
            [
                robot.model.nv,
            ]
            * 3
        )
 
    def __call__(self, q):
        robot = self.robot
        H = hessian(robot, q, crossterms=True)
        J = robot.data.J
        YJ = self.YJ
        Q = self.Q
 
        # The terms in SxS YS corresponds to f = vxYv
        # The terms in S YSxS corresponds to a = vxv  (==> f = Yvxv)
        for k in range(robot.model.njoints - 1, 0, -1):
            k0, k1 = iv(k)[0], iv(k)[-1] + 1
            Yk = (robot.data.oMi[k] * robot.data.Ycrb[k]).matrix()
            Sk = J[:, k0:k1]
            for j in ancestors(k):  # Fill YJ = [ ... Yk*Sj ... ]_j
                j0, j1 = iv(j)[0], iv(j)[-1] + 1
                YJ[:, j0:j1] = Yk * J[:, j0:j1]
 
            # Fill the diagonal of the current level of Q = Q[k,:k,:k]
            for i in ancestors(k):
                i0, i1 = iv(i)[0], iv(i)[-1] + 1
                Si = J[:, i0:i1]
 
                Q[k0:k1, i0:i1, i0:i1] = -td(
                    H[:, k0:k1, i0:i1], YJ[:, i0:i1], [0, 0]
                )  # = (Si x Sk)' * Yk Si
 
                # Fill the nondiag of the current level Q[k,:k,:k]
                for j in ancestors(i)[:-1]:
                    j0, j1 = iv(j)[0], iv(j)[-1] + 1
                    Sj = J[:, j0:j1]
 
                    #  = Sk' * Yk * Si x Sj
                    Q[k0:k1, i0:i1, j0:j1] = td(
                        YJ[:, k0:k1], H[:, i0:i1, j0:j1], [0, 0]
                    )
                    #  = (Si x Sk)' * Yk Sj
                    Q[k0:k1, i0:i1, j0:j1] -= td(
                        H[:, k0:k1, i0:i1], YJ[:, j0:j1], [0, 0]
                    )
                    #  = (Sj x Sk)' * Yk Si
                    Q[k0:k1, j0:j1, i0:i1] = -td(
                        H[:, k0:k1, j0:j1], YJ[:, i0:i1], [0, 0]
                    )
 
            # Fill the border elements of levels below k Q[kk,k,:] and Q[kk,:,k] with kk<k
            for kk in ancestors(k)[:-1]:
                kk0, kk1 = iv(kk)[0], iv(kk)[-1] + 1
                Skk = J[:, kk0:kk1]
 
                for j in ancestors(k):
                    j0, j1 = iv(j)[0], iv(j)[-1] + 1
                    Sj = J[:, j0:j1]
 
                    #  = Skk' Yk Sk x Sj  = (Yk Skk)' Sk x Sj
                    if k != j:
                        Q[kk0:kk1, k0:k1, j0:j1] = td(
                            YJ[:, kk0:kk1], H[:, k0:k1, j0:j1], [0, 0]
                        )
                    #  = (Sk x Skk)' Yk Sj
                    Q[kk0:kk1, k0:k1, j0:j1] += td(
                        H[:, k0:k1, kk0:kk1].T, YJ[:, j0:j1], [2, 0]
                    )
                    #  = (Sj x Skk)' Yk Sk
                    # Switch because j can be > or < than kk
                    if j < kk:
                        Q[kk0:kk1, j0:j1, k0:k1] = -Q[j0:j1, kk0:kk1, k0:k1].transpose(
                            1, 0, 2
                        )
                    elif j >= kk:
                        Q[kk0:kk1, j0:j1, k0:k1] = td(
                            H[:, j0:j1, kk0:kk1].T, YJ[:, k0:k1], [2, 0]
                        )
 
        return Q
 
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
class Coriolis:
    def __init__(self, robot):
        self.robot = robot
        lambdas.setRobotArgs(robot)
        NV = robot.model.nv
        NJ = robot.model.njoints
        self.C = zero([NV, NV])
        self.YS = zero([6, NV])
        self.Sxv = zero([6, NV])
 
    def __call__(self, q, vq):
        robot = self.robot
        NV = robot.model.nv
        NJ = robot.model.njoints
        C = self.C
        YS = self.YS
        Sxv = self.Sxv
        H = hessian(robot, q)
 
        pin.computeAllTerms(robot.model, robot.data, q, vq)
        J = robot.data.J
        oMi = robot.data.oMi
        v = [(oMi[i] * robot.data.v[i]).vector for i in range(NJ)]
        Y = [(oMi[i] * robot.data.Ycrb[i]).matrix() for i in range(NJ)]
 
        # --- Precomputations
        # Centroidal matrix
        for j in range(NJ):
            j0, j1 = iv(j)[0], iv(j)[-1] + 1
            YS[:, j0:j1] = Y[j] * J[:, j0:j1]
 
        # velocity-jacobian cross products.
        for j in range(NJ):
            j0, j1 = iv(j)[0], iv(j)[-1] + 1
            vj = v[j]
            Sxv[:, j0:j1] = adj(vj) * J[:, j0:j1]
 
        # --- Main loop
        for i in range(NJ - 1, 0, -1):
            i0, i1 = iv(i)[0], iv(i)[-1] + 1
            Yi = Y[i]
            Si = J[:, i0:i1]
            vp = v[robot.model.parents[i]]
 
            SxvY = Sxv[:, i0:i1].T * Yi
            for j in ancestors(i):
                j0, j1 = iv(j)[0], iv(j)[-1] + 1
                Sj = J[:, j0:j1]
 
                # COR ===> Si' Yi Sj x vj
                C[i0:i1, j0:j1] = YS[:, i0:i1].T * Sxv[:, j0:j1]
                # CEN ===> Si' vi x Yi Sj = - (Si x vi)' Yi Sj
                C[i0:i1, j0:j1] -= SxvY * Sj
 
            vxYS = adjdual(v[i]) * Yi * Si
            YSxv = Yi * Sxv[:, i0:i1]
            Yv = Yi * vp
            for ii in ancestors(i)[:-1]:
                ii0, ii1 = iv(ii)[0], iv(ii)[-1] + 1
                Sii = J[:, ii0:ii1]
                # COR ===> Sii' Yi Si x vi
                C[ii0:ii1, i0:i1] = Sii.T * YSxv
                # CEN ===> Sii' vi x Yi Si = (Sii x vi)' Yi Si
                C[ii0:ii1, i0:i1] += Sii.T * vxYS
                # CEN ===> Sii' Si x Yi vi = (Sii x Si)' Yi vi
                C[ii0:ii1, i0:i1] += np.array(
                    td(H[:, i0:i1, ii0:ii1], Yv, [0, 0])[:, :, 0]
                )
 
        return C
 
 
# --- DRNEA -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# --- DRNEA -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# --- DRNEA -------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
from lambdas import MCross, FCross
 
 
class DRNEA:
    def __init__(self, robot):
        self.robot = robot
        lambdas.setRobotArgs(robot)
 
    def __call__(self, q, vq, aq):
        robot = self.robot
        pin.rnea(robot.model, robot.data, q, vq, aq)
        NJ = robot.model.njoints
        NV = robot.model.nv
        J = robot.data.J
        oMi = robot.data.oMi
        v = [(oMi[i] * robot.data.v[i]).vector for i in range(NJ)]
        a = [(oMi[i] * robot.data.a_gf[i]).vector for i in range(NJ)]
        f = [(oMi[i] * robot.data.f[i]).vector for i in range(NJ)]
        Y = [(oMi[i] * robot.model.inertias[i]).matrix() for i in range(NJ)]
        Ycrb = [(oMi[i] * robot.data.Ycrb[i]).matrix() for i in range(NJ)]
 
        Tkf = [zero([6, NV]) for i in range(NJ)]
        Yvx = [zero([6, 6]) for i in range(NJ)]
        adjf = lambda f: -np.bmat(
            [[zero([3, 3]), skew(f[:3])], [skew(f[:3]), skew(f[3:])]]
        )
 
        R = self.R = zero([NV, NV])
 
        for i in reversed(
            range(1, NJ)
        ):  # i is the torque index :    dtau_i = R[i,:] dq
            i0, i1 = iv(i)[0], iv(i)[-1] + 1
            Yi = Y[i]
            Yci = Ycrb[i]
            Si = J[:, i0:i1]
            vi = v[i]
            ai = a[i]
            fi = f[i]
            aqi = aq[i0:i1]
            vqi = vq[i0:i1]
            dvi = Si * vqi
            li = parent(i)
 
            Yvx[i] += Y[i] * adj(v[i])
            Yvx[i] -= adjf(Y[i] * v[i])
            Yvx[i] -= adjdual(v[i]) * Yi
 
            Yvx[li] += Yvx[i]
 
            for k in ancestors(i):  # k is the derivative index: dtau   = R[:,k] dq_k
                k0, k1 = iv(k)[0], iv(k)[-1] + 1
                Sk = J[:, k0:k1]
                lk = parent(k)
 
                # Si' Yi Tk ai = Si' Yi ( Sk x (ai-alk) + (vi-vlk) x (Sk x vlk) )
                # Tk Si' Yi ai = Si' Yi ( - Sk x a[lk]  + (vi-vlk) x (Sk x vlk) )
                Tkf = Yci * (-MCross(Sk, a[lk]) + MCross(MCross(Sk, v[lk]), v[lk]))
 
                # Tk Si' fs = Tk Si' Ycrb[i] ai + Si' Ys (vs-vi) x (Sk x vlk)
                #           =      ""           + Si' Ys vs x (Sk x vlk) - Si' Ys vi x (Sk x vlk)
                Tkf += Yvx[i] * MCross(Sk, v[lk])
 
                R[i0:i1, k0:k1] = Si.T * Tkf
                if i == k:
                    for kk in ancestors(k)[:-1]:
                        kk0, kk1 = iv(kk)[0], iv(kk)[-1] + 1
                        Skk = J[:, kk0:kk1]
                        R[kk0:kk1, k0:k1] = Skk.T * FCross(Sk, f[i])
                        R[kk0:kk1, k0:k1] += Skk.T * Tkf
 
        self.a = a
        self.v = v
        self.f = f
        self.Y = Y
        self.Ycrb = Ycrb
        self.Yvx = Yvx
 
        return R
 
 
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
# --- UNIT TEST ---
if __name__ == "__main__":
    np.random.seed(0)
 
    robot = RobotWrapper(
        "/home/nmansard/src/pinocchio/pinocchio/models/romeo/urdf/romeo.urdf",
        [
            "/home/nmansard/src/pinocchio/pinocchio/models/romeo/",
        ],
        pin.JointModelFreeFlyer(),
    )
    q = rand(robot.model.nq)
    q[3:7] /= norm(q[3:7])
    vq = rand(robot.model.nv)
 
    # --- HESSIAN ---
    # --- HESSIAN ---
    # --- HESSIAN ---
    H = hessian(robot, q)
 
    # Compute the Hessian matrix H using RNEA, so that acor = v*H*v
    vq1 = vq * 0
    Htrue = np.zeros([6, robot.model.nv, robot.model.nv])
    for joint_i in range(1, robot.model.njoints):
        for joint_j in ancestors(joint_i)[:-1]:
            for i in iv(joint_i):
                for j in iv(joint_j):
                    vq1 *= 0
                    vq1[i] = vq1[j] = 1.0
                    pin.computeAllTerms(robot.model, robot.data, q, vq1)
                    Htrue[:, i, j] = (
                        robot.data.oMi[joint_i] * robot.data.a[joint_i]
                    ).vector.T
 
    print("Check hessian = \t\t", norm(H - Htrue))
 
    # --- dCRBA ---
    # --- dCRBA ---
    # --- dCRBA ---
 
    dcrba = DCRBA(robot)
    dcrba.pre(q)
    Mp = dcrba()
 
    # --- Validate dM/dq by finite diff
    dM = np.zeros(
        [
            robot.model.nv,
        ]
        * 3
    )
    eps = 1e-6
    dq = zero(robot.model.nv)
 
    for diff in range(robot.model.nv):
        dM[:, :, diff] = -pin.crba(robot.model, robot.data, q)
 
        dq *= 0
        dq[diff] = eps
        qdq = pin.integrate(robot.model, q, dq)
 
        dM[:, :, diff] += pin.crba(robot.model, robot.data, qdq)
 
    dM /= eps
 
    print(
        "Check dCRBA = \t\t\t",
        max([norm(Mp[:, :, diff] - dM[:, :, diff]) for diff in range(robot.model.nv)]),
    )
 
    # --- vRNEA ---
    # --- vRNEA ---
    # --- vRNEA ---
 
    vrnea = VRNEA(robot)
    Q = vrnea(q)
 
    # --- Compute C from rnea, for future check
    robot.model.gravity = pin.Motion.Zero()
    rnea0 = lambda q, vq: pin.nle(robot.model, robot.data, q, vq)
    vq1 = vq * 0
    C = np.zeros(
        [
            robot.model.nv,
        ]
        * 3
    )
    for i in range(robot.model.nv):
        vq1 *= 0
        vq1[i] = 1
        C[:, i, i] = rnea0(q, vq1).T
 
    for i in range(robot.model.nv):
        for j in range(robot.model.nv):
            if i == j:
                continue
            vq1 *= 0
            vq1[i] = vq1[j] = 1.0
            C[:, i, j] = (rnea0(q, vq1).T - C[:, i, i] - C[:, j, j]) / 2
 
    print("Check d/dv rnea = \t\t", norm(quad(Q, vq) - rnea0(q, vq)))
    print("Check C  = Q+Q.T = \t\t", norm((Q + Q.transpose(0, 2, 1)) / 2 - C))
    print("Check dM = C+C.T /2 \t\t", norm(Mp - (C + C.transpose(1, 0, 2))))
    print(
        "Check dM = Q+Q.T+Q.T+Q.T /2 \t",
        norm(
            Mp
            - (Q + Q.transpose(0, 2, 1) + Q.transpose(1, 0, 2) + Q.transpose(2, 0, 1))
            / 2
        ),
    )
 
    # --- CORIOLIS
    # --- CORIOLIS
    # --- CORIOLIS
    coriolis = Coriolis(robot)
    C = coriolis(q, vq)
    print("Check coriolis \t\t\t", norm(C * vq - rnea0(q, vq)))
 
    # --- DRNEA
    # --- DRNEA
    # --- DRNEA
    drnea = DRNEA(robot)
    aq = rand(robot.model.nv)
    R = drnea(q, vq, aq)
 
    NV = robot.model.nv
    Rd = zero([NV, NV])
    eps = 1e-8
    r0 = pin.rnea(robot.model, robot.data, q, vq, aq).copy()
    for i in range(NV):
        dq = zero(NV)
        dq[i] = eps
        qdq = pin.integrate(robot.model, q, dq)
        Rd[:, i] = (pin.rnea(robot.model, robot.data, qdq, vq, aq) - r0) / eps
    print("Check drnea    \t\t\t", norm(Rd - R))