cs.c

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/* Capstone Disassembly Engine */
/* By Nguyen Anh Quynh <aquynh@gmail.com>, 2013-2015 */
#if defined (WIN32) || defined (WIN64) || defined (_WIN32) || defined (_WIN64)
#pragma warning(disable:4996)                   // disable MSVC's warning on strcpy()
#pragma warning(disable:28719)          // disable MSVC's warning on strcpy()
#endif
#if defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_OSXKERNEL)
#include <Availability.h>
#include <libkern/libkern.h>
#else
#include <stddef.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
 
#include <string.h>
#include <capstone/capstone.h>
 
#include "utils.h"
#include "MCRegisterInfo.h"
 
#if defined(_KERNEL_MODE)
#include "windows\winkernel_mm.h"
#endif
 
// Issue #681: Windows kernel does not support formatting float point
#if defined(_KERNEL_MODE) && !defined(CAPSTONE_DIET)
#if defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM) || defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM64) || defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_M68K)
#define CAPSTONE_STR_INTERNAL(x) #x
#define CAPSTONE_STR(x) CAPSTONE_STR_INTERNAL(x)
#define CAPSTONE_MSVC_WRANING_PREFIX __FILE__ "("CAPSTONE_STR(__LINE__)") : warning message : "
 
#pragma message(CAPSTONE_MSVC_WRANING_PREFIX "Windows driver does not support full features for selected architecture(s). Define CAPSTONE_DIET to compile Capstone with only supported features. See issue #681 for details.")
 
#undef CAPSTONE_MSVC_WRANING_PREFIX
#undef CAPSTONE_STR
#undef CAPSTONE_STR_INTERNAL
#endif
#endif  // defined(_KERNEL_MODE) && !defined(CAPSTONE_DIET)
 
#if !defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_OSXKERNEL) && !defined(CAPSTONE_DIET) && !defined(_KERNEL_MODE)
#define INSN_CACHE_SIZE 32
#else
// reduce stack variable size for kernel/firmware
#define INSN_CACHE_SIZE 8
#endif
 
// default SKIPDATA mnemonic
#ifndef CAPSTONE_DIET
#define SKIPDATA_MNEM ".byte"
#else // No printing is available in diet mode
#define SKIPDATA_MNEM NULL
#endif
 
#include "arch/AArch64/AArch64Module.h"
#include "arch/ARM/ARMModule.h"
#include "arch/EVM/EVMModule.h"
#include "arch/M680X/M680XModule.h"
#include "arch/M68K/M68KModule.h"
#include "arch/Mips/MipsModule.h"
#include "arch/PowerPC/PPCModule.h"
#include "arch/Sparc/SparcModule.h"
#include "arch/SystemZ/SystemZModule.h"
#include "arch/TMS320C64x/TMS320C64xModule.h"
#include "arch/X86/X86Module.h"
#include "arch/XCore/XCoreModule.h"
#include "arch/MOS65XX/MOS65XXModule.h"
 
// constructor initialization for all archs
static cs_err (*cs_arch_init[MAX_ARCH])(cs_struct *) = {
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM
        ARM_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM64
        AArch64_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MIPS
        Mips_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_X86
        X86_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_POWERPC
        PPC_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SPARC
        Sparc_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SYSZ
        SystemZ_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_XCORE
        XCore_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M68K
        M68K_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_TMS320C64X
        TMS320C64x_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M680X
        M680X_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_EVM
        EVM_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MOS65XX
        MOS65XX_global_init,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
};
 
// support cs_option() for all archs
static cs_err (*cs_arch_option[MAX_ARCH]) (cs_struct *, cs_opt_type, size_t value) = {
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM
        ARM_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM64
        AArch64_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MIPS
        Mips_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_X86
        X86_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_POWERPC
        PPC_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SPARC
        Sparc_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SYSZ
        SystemZ_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_XCORE
        XCore_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M68K
        M68K_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_TMS320C64X
        TMS320C64x_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M680X
        M680X_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_EVM
        EVM_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MOS65XX
        MOS65XX_option,
#else
        NULL,
#endif
 
};
 
// bitmask for finding disallowed modes for an arch:
// to be called in cs_open()/cs_option()
static cs_mode cs_arch_disallowed_mode_mask[MAX_ARCH] = {
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM
        ~(CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_ARM | CS_MODE_V8 | CS_MODE_MCLASS
          | CS_MODE_THUMB | CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM64
        ~(CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_ARM | CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MIPS
        ~(CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_32 | CS_MODE_64 | CS_MODE_MICRO
          | CS_MODE_MIPS32R6 | CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_MIPS2 | CS_MODE_MIPS3),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_X86
        ~(CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_32 | CS_MODE_64 | CS_MODE_16),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_POWERPC
        ~(CS_MODE_LITTLE_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_32 | CS_MODE_64 | CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN
          | CS_MODE_QPX),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SPARC
        ~(CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_V9),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SYSZ
        ~(CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_XCORE
        ~(CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M68K
        ~(CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN | CS_MODE_M68K_000 | CS_MODE_M68K_010 | CS_MODE_M68K_020
          | CS_MODE_M68K_030 | CS_MODE_M68K_040 | CS_MODE_M68K_060),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_TMS320C64X
        ~(CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M680X
        ~(CS_MODE_M680X_6301 | CS_MODE_M680X_6309 | CS_MODE_M680X_6800
          | CS_MODE_M680X_6801 | CS_MODE_M680X_6805 | CS_MODE_M680X_6808
          | CS_MODE_M680X_6809 | CS_MODE_M680X_6811 | CS_MODE_M680X_CPU12
          | CS_MODE_M680X_HCS08),
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_EVM
        0,
#else
        0,
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MOS65XX
        ~(CS_MODE_BIG_ENDIAN),
#else
        0,
#endif
};
 
// bitmask of enabled architectures
static uint32_t all_arch = 0
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_ARM)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_ARM64
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_ARM64)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MIPS
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_MIPS)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_X86
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_X86)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_POWERPC
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_PPC)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SPARC
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_SPARC)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_SYSZ
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_SYSZ)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_XCORE
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_XCORE)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M68K
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_M68K)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_TMS320C64X
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_M680X
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_M680X)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_EVM
        | (1 << CS_ARCH_EVM)
#endif
#ifdef CAPSTONE_HAS_MOS65XX
    | (1 << CS_ARCH_MOS65XX)
#endif
;
 
 
#if defined(CAPSTONE_USE_SYS_DYN_MEM)
#if !defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_OSXKERNEL) && !defined(_KERNEL_MODE)
// default
cs_malloc_t cs_mem_malloc = malloc;
cs_calloc_t cs_mem_calloc = calloc;
cs_realloc_t cs_mem_realloc = realloc;
cs_free_t cs_mem_free = free;
#if defined(_WIN32_WCE)
cs_vsnprintf_t cs_vsnprintf = _vsnprintf;
#else
cs_vsnprintf_t cs_vsnprintf = vsnprintf;
#endif  // defined(_WIN32_WCE)
 
#elif defined(_KERNEL_MODE)
// Windows driver
cs_malloc_t cs_mem_malloc = cs_winkernel_malloc;
cs_calloc_t cs_mem_calloc = cs_winkernel_calloc;
cs_realloc_t cs_mem_realloc = cs_winkernel_realloc;
cs_free_t cs_mem_free = cs_winkernel_free;
cs_vsnprintf_t cs_vsnprintf = cs_winkernel_vsnprintf;
#else
// OSX kernel
extern void* kern_os_malloc(size_t size);
extern void kern_os_free(void* addr);
extern void* kern_os_realloc(void* addr, size_t nsize);
 
static void* cs_kern_os_calloc(size_t num, size_t size)
{
        return kern_os_malloc(num * size); // malloc bzeroes the buffer
}
 
cs_malloc_t cs_mem_malloc = kern_os_malloc;
cs_calloc_t cs_mem_calloc = cs_kern_os_calloc;
cs_realloc_t cs_mem_realloc = kern_os_realloc;
cs_free_t cs_mem_free = kern_os_free;
cs_vsnprintf_t cs_vsnprintf = vsnprintf;
#endif  // !defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_OSXKERNEL) && !defined(_KERNEL_MODE)
#else
// User-defined
cs_malloc_t cs_mem_malloc = NULL;
cs_calloc_t cs_mem_calloc = NULL;
cs_realloc_t cs_mem_realloc = NULL;
cs_free_t cs_mem_free = NULL;
cs_vsnprintf_t cs_vsnprintf = NULL;
 
#endif  // defined(CAPSTONE_USE_SYS_DYN_MEM)
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
unsigned int CAPSTONE_API cs_version(int *major, int *minor)
{
        if (major != NULL && minor != NULL) {
                *major = CS_API_MAJOR;
                *minor = CS_API_MINOR;
        }
 
        return (CS_API_MAJOR << 8) + CS_API_MINOR;
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_support(int query)
{
        if (query == CS_ARCH_ALL)
                return all_arch == ((1 << CS_ARCH_ARM) | (1 << CS_ARCH_ARM64) |
                                (1 << CS_ARCH_MIPS) | (1 << CS_ARCH_X86) |
                                (1 << CS_ARCH_PPC) | (1 << CS_ARCH_SPARC) |
                                (1 << CS_ARCH_SYSZ) | (1 << CS_ARCH_XCORE) |
                                (1 << CS_ARCH_M68K) | (1 << CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X) |
                                (1 << CS_ARCH_M680X) | (1 << CS_ARCH_EVM) |
                                (1 << CS_ARCH_MOS65XX));
 
        if ((unsigned int)query < CS_ARCH_MAX)
                return all_arch & (1 << query);
 
        if (query == CS_SUPPORT_DIET) {
#ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET
                return true;
#else
                return false;
#endif
        }
 
        if (query == CS_SUPPORT_X86_REDUCE) {
#if defined(CAPSTONE_HAS_X86) && defined(CAPSTONE_X86_REDUCE)
                return true;
#else
                return false;
#endif
        }
 
        // unsupported query
        return false;
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_errno(csh handle)
{
        struct cs_struct *ud;
        if (!handle)
                return CS_ERR_CSH;
 
        ud = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)handle;
 
        return ud->errnum;
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_strerror(cs_err code)
{
        switch(code) {
                default:
                        return "Unknown error code";
                case CS_ERR_OK:
                        return "OK (CS_ERR_OK)";
                case CS_ERR_MEM:
                        return "Out of memory (CS_ERR_MEM)";
                case CS_ERR_ARCH:
                        return "Invalid/unsupported architecture(CS_ERR_ARCH)";
                case CS_ERR_HANDLE:
                        return "Invalid handle (CS_ERR_HANDLE)";
                case CS_ERR_CSH:
                        return "Invalid csh (CS_ERR_CSH)";
                case CS_ERR_MODE:
                        return "Invalid mode (CS_ERR_MODE)";
                case CS_ERR_OPTION:
                        return "Invalid option (CS_ERR_OPTION)";
                case CS_ERR_DETAIL:
                        return "Details are unavailable (CS_ERR_DETAIL)";
                case CS_ERR_MEMSETUP:
                        return "Dynamic memory management uninitialized (CS_ERR_MEMSETUP)";
                case CS_ERR_VERSION:
                        return "Different API version between core & binding (CS_ERR_VERSION)";
                case CS_ERR_DIET:
                        return "Information irrelevant in diet engine (CS_ERR_DIET)";
                case CS_ERR_SKIPDATA:
                        return "Information irrelevant for 'data' instruction in SKIPDATA mode (CS_ERR_SKIPDATA)";
                case CS_ERR_X86_ATT:
                        return "AT&T syntax is unavailable (CS_ERR_X86_ATT)";
                case CS_ERR_X86_INTEL:
                        return "INTEL syntax is unavailable (CS_ERR_X86_INTEL)";
                case CS_ERR_X86_MASM:
                        return "MASM syntax is unavailable (CS_ERR_X86_MASM)";
        }
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_open(cs_arch arch, cs_mode mode, csh *handle)
{
        cs_err err;
        struct cs_struct *ud;
        if (!cs_mem_malloc || !cs_mem_calloc || !cs_mem_realloc || !cs_mem_free || !cs_vsnprintf)
                // Error: before cs_open(), dynamic memory management must be initialized
                // with cs_option(CS_OPT_MEM)
                return CS_ERR_MEMSETUP;
 
        if (arch < CS_ARCH_MAX && cs_arch_init[arch]) {
                // verify if requested mode is valid
                if (mode & cs_arch_disallowed_mode_mask[arch]) {
                        *handle = 0;
                        return CS_ERR_MODE;
                }
 
                ud = cs_mem_calloc(1, sizeof(*ud));
                if (!ud) {
                        // memory insufficient
                        return CS_ERR_MEM;
                }
 
                ud->errnum = CS_ERR_OK;
                ud->arch = arch;
                ud->mode = mode;
                // by default, do not break instruction into details
                ud->detail = CS_OPT_OFF;
 
                // default skipdata setup
                ud->skipdata_setup.mnemonic = SKIPDATA_MNEM;
 
                err = cs_arch_init[ud->arch](ud);
                if (err) {
                        cs_mem_free(ud);
                        *handle = 0;
                        return err;
                }
 
                *handle = (uintptr_t)ud;
 
                return CS_ERR_OK;
        } else {
                *handle = 0;
                return CS_ERR_ARCH;
        }
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_close(csh *handle)
{
        struct cs_struct *ud;
        struct insn_mnem *next, *tmp;
 
        if (*handle == 0)
                // invalid handle
                return CS_ERR_CSH;
 
        ud = (struct cs_struct *)(*handle);
 
        if (ud->printer_info)
                cs_mem_free(ud->printer_info);
 
        // free the linked list of customized mnemonic
        tmp = ud->mnem_list;
        while(tmp) {
                next = tmp->next;
                cs_mem_free(tmp);
                tmp = next;
        }
 
        cs_mem_free(ud->insn_cache);
 
        memset(ud, 0, sizeof(*ud));
        cs_mem_free(ud);
 
        // invalidate this handle by ZERO out its value.
        // this is to make sure it is unusable after cs_close()
        *handle = 0;
 
        return CS_ERR_OK;
}
 
// fill insn with mnemonic & operands info
static void fill_insn(struct cs_struct *handle, cs_insn *insn, char *buffer, MCInst *mci,
                PostPrinter_t postprinter, const uint8_t *code)
{
#ifndef CAPSTONE_DIET
        char *sp, *mnem;
#endif
        uint16_t copy_size = MIN(sizeof(insn->bytes), insn->size);
 
        // fill the instruction bytes.
        // we might skip some redundant bytes in front in the case of X86
        memcpy(insn->bytes, code + insn->size - copy_size, copy_size);
        insn->size = copy_size;
 
        // alias instruction might have ID saved in OpcodePub
        if (MCInst_getOpcodePub(mci))
                insn->id = MCInst_getOpcodePub(mci);
 
        // post printer handles some corner cases (hacky)
        if (postprinter)
                postprinter((csh)handle, insn, buffer, mci);
 
#ifndef CAPSTONE_DIET
        // fill in mnemonic & operands
        // find first space or tab
        mnem = insn->mnemonic;
        for (sp = buffer; *sp; sp++) {
                if (*sp == ' '|| *sp == '\t')
                        break;
                if (*sp == '|') // lock|rep prefix for x86
                        *sp = ' ';
                // copy to @mnemonic
                *mnem = *sp;
                mnem++;
        }
 
        *mnem = '\0';
 
        // we might have customized mnemonic
        if (handle->mnem_list) {
                struct insn_mnem *tmp = handle->mnem_list;
                while(tmp) {
                        if (tmp->insn.id == insn->id) {
                                // found this instruction, so copy its mnemonic
                                (void)strncpy(insn->mnemonic, tmp->insn.mnemonic, sizeof(insn->mnemonic) - 1);
                                insn->mnemonic[sizeof(insn->mnemonic) - 1] = '\0';
                                break;
                        }
                        tmp = tmp->next;
                }
        }
 
        // copy @op_str
        if (*sp) {
                // find the next non-space char
                sp++;
                for (; ((*sp == ' ') || (*sp == '\t')); sp++);
                strncpy(insn->op_str, sp, sizeof(insn->op_str) - 1);
                insn->op_str[sizeof(insn->op_str) - 1] = '\0';
        } else
                insn->op_str[0] = '\0';
#endif
}
 
// how many bytes will we skip when encountering data (CS_OPT_SKIPDATA)?
// this very much depends on instruction alignment requirement of each arch.
static uint8_t skipdata_size(cs_struct *handle)
{
        switch(handle->arch) {
                default:
                        // should never reach
                        return (uint8_t)-1;
                case CS_ARCH_ARM:
                        // skip 2 bytes on Thumb mode.
                        if (handle->mode & CS_MODE_THUMB)
                                return 2;
                        // otherwise, skip 4 bytes
                        return 4;
                case CS_ARCH_ARM64:
                case CS_ARCH_MIPS:
                case CS_ARCH_PPC:
                case CS_ARCH_SPARC:
                        // skip 4 bytes
                        return 4;
                case CS_ARCH_SYSZ:
                        // SystemZ instruction's length can be 2, 4 or 6 bytes,
                        // so we just skip 2 bytes
                        return 2;
                case CS_ARCH_X86:
                        // X86 has no restriction on instruction alignment
                        return 1;
                case CS_ARCH_XCORE:
                        // XCore instruction's length can be 2 or 4 bytes,
                        // so we just skip 2 bytes
                        return 2;
                case CS_ARCH_M68K:
                        // M68K has 2 bytes instruction alignment but contain multibyte instruction so we skip 2 bytes
                        return 2;
                case CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X:
                        // TMS320C64x alignment is 4.
                        return 4;
                case CS_ARCH_M680X:
                        // M680X alignment is 1.
                        return 1;
                case CS_ARCH_EVM:
                        // EVM alignment is 1.
                        return 1;
                case CS_ARCH_MOS65XX:
                        // MOS65XX alignment is 1.
                        return 1;
        }
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_option(csh ud, cs_opt_type type, size_t value)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        cs_opt_mnem *opt;
 
        // cs_option() can be called with NULL handle just for CS_OPT_MEM
        // This is supposed to be executed before all other APIs (even cs_open())
        if (type == CS_OPT_MEM) {
                cs_opt_mem *mem = (cs_opt_mem *)value;
 
                cs_mem_malloc = mem->malloc;
                cs_mem_calloc = mem->calloc;
                cs_mem_realloc = mem->realloc;
                cs_mem_free = mem->free;
                cs_vsnprintf = mem->vsnprintf;
 
                return CS_ERR_OK;
        }
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
        if (!handle)
                return CS_ERR_CSH;
 
        switch(type) {
                default:
                        break;
 
                case CS_OPT_UNSIGNED:
                        handle->imm_unsigned = (cs_opt_value)value;
                        return CS_ERR_OK;
 
                case CS_OPT_DETAIL:
                        handle->detail = (cs_opt_value)value;
                        return CS_ERR_OK;
 
                case CS_OPT_SKIPDATA:
                        handle->skipdata = (value == CS_OPT_ON);
                        if (handle->skipdata) {
                                if (handle->skipdata_size == 0) {
                                        // set the default skipdata size
                                        handle->skipdata_size = skipdata_size(handle);
                                }
                        }
                        return CS_ERR_OK;
 
                case CS_OPT_SKIPDATA_SETUP:
                        if (value)
                                handle->skipdata_setup = *((cs_opt_skipdata *)value);
                        return CS_ERR_OK;
 
                case CS_OPT_MNEMONIC:
                        opt = (cs_opt_mnem *)value;
                        if (opt->id) {
                                if (opt->mnemonic) {
                                        struct insn_mnem *tmp;
 
                                        // add new instruction, or replace existing instruction
                                        // 1. find if we already had this insn in the linked list
                                        tmp = handle->mnem_list;
                                        while(tmp) {
                                                if (tmp->insn.id == opt->id) {
                                                        // found this instruction, so replace its mnemonic
                                                        (void)strncpy(tmp->insn.mnemonic, opt->mnemonic, sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1);
                                                        tmp->insn.mnemonic[sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1] = '\0';
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                                tmp = tmp->next;
                                        }
 
                                        // 2. add this instruction if we have not had it yet
                                        if (!tmp) {
                                                tmp = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(*tmp));
                                                tmp->insn.id = opt->id;
                                                (void)strncpy(tmp->insn.mnemonic, opt->mnemonic, sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1);
                                                tmp->insn.mnemonic[sizeof(tmp->insn.mnemonic) - 1] = '\0';
                                                // this new instruction is heading the list
                                                tmp->next = handle->mnem_list;
                                                handle->mnem_list = tmp;
                                        }
                                        return CS_ERR_OK;
                                } else {
                                        struct insn_mnem *prev, *tmp;
 
                                        // we want to delete an existing instruction
                                        // iterate the list to find the instruction to remove it
                                        tmp = handle->mnem_list;
                                        prev = tmp;
                                        while(tmp) {
                                                if (tmp->insn.id == opt->id) {
                                                        // delete this instruction
                                                        if (tmp == prev) {
                                                                // head of the list
                                                                handle->mnem_list = tmp->next;
                                                        } else {
                                                                prev->next = tmp->next;
                                                        }
                                                        cs_mem_free(tmp);
                                                        break;
                                                }
                                                prev = tmp;
                                                tmp = tmp->next;
                                        }
                                }
                        }
                        return CS_ERR_OK;
 
                case CS_OPT_MODE:
                        // verify if requested mode is valid
                        if (value & cs_arch_disallowed_mode_mask[handle->arch]) {
                                return CS_ERR_OPTION;
                        }
                        break;
        }
 
        return cs_arch_option[handle->arch](handle, type, value);
}
 
// generate @op_str for data instruction of SKIPDATA
#ifndef CAPSTONE_DIET
static void skipdata_opstr(char *opstr, const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size)
{
        char *p = opstr;
        int len;
        size_t i;
        size_t available = sizeof(((cs_insn*)NULL)->op_str);
 
        if (!size) {
                opstr[0] = '\0';
                return;
        }
 
        len = cs_snprintf(p, available, "0x%02x", buffer[0]);
        p+= len;
        available -= len;
 
        for(i = 1; i < size; i++) {
                len = cs_snprintf(p, available, ", 0x%02x", buffer[i]);
                if (len < 0) {
                        break;
                }
                if ((size_t)len > available - 1) {
                        break;
                }
                p+= len;
                available -= len;
        }
}
#endif
 
// dynamicly allocate memory to contain disasm insn
// NOTE: caller must free() the allocated memory itself to avoid memory leaking
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
size_t CAPSTONE_API cs_disasm(csh ud, const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size, uint64_t offset, size_t count, cs_insn **insn)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        MCInst mci;
        uint16_t insn_size;
        size_t c = 0, i;
        unsigned int f = 0;     // index of the next instruction in the cache
        cs_insn *insn_cache;    // cache contains disassembled instructions
        void *total = NULL;
        size_t total_size = 0;  // total size of output buffer containing all insns
        bool r;
        void *tmp;
        size_t skipdata_bytes;
        uint64_t offset_org; // save all the original info of the buffer
        size_t size_org;
        const uint8_t *buffer_org;
        unsigned int cache_size = INSN_CACHE_SIZE;
        size_t next_offset;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
        if (!handle) {
                // FIXME: how to handle this case:
                // handle->errnum = CS_ERR_HANDLE;
                return 0;
        }
 
        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK;
 
        // reset IT block of ARM structure
        if (handle->arch == CS_ARCH_ARM)
                handle->ITBlock.size = 0;
 
#ifdef CAPSTONE_USE_SYS_DYN_MEM
        if (count > 0 && count <= INSN_CACHE_SIZE)
                cache_size = (unsigned int) count;
#endif
 
        // save the original offset for SKIPDATA
        buffer_org = buffer;
        offset_org = offset;
        size_org = size;
 
        total_size = sizeof(cs_insn) * cache_size;
        total = cs_mem_malloc(total_size);
        if (total == NULL) {
                // insufficient memory
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM;
                return 0;
        }
 
        insn_cache = total;
 
        while (size > 0) {
                MCInst_Init(&mci);
                mci.csh = handle;
 
                // relative branches need to know the address & size of current insn
                mci.address = offset;
 
                if (handle->detail) {
                        // allocate memory for @detail pointer
                        insn_cache->detail = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(cs_detail));
                } else {
                        insn_cache->detail = NULL;
                }
 
                // save all the information for non-detailed mode
                mci.flat_insn = insn_cache;
                mci.flat_insn->address = offset;
#ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET
                // zero out mnemonic & op_str
                mci.flat_insn->mnemonic[0] = '\0';
                mci.flat_insn->op_str[0] = '\0';
#endif
 
                r = handle->disasm(ud, buffer, size, &mci, &insn_size, offset, handle->getinsn_info);
                if (r) {
                        SStream ss;
                        SStream_Init(&ss);
 
                        mci.flat_insn->size = insn_size;
 
                        // map internal instruction opcode to public insn ID
 
                        handle->insn_id(handle, insn_cache, mci.Opcode);
 
                        handle->printer(&mci, &ss, handle->printer_info);
                        fill_insn(handle, insn_cache, ss.buffer, &mci, handle->post_printer, buffer);
 
                        // adjust for pseudo opcode (X86)
                        if (handle->arch == CS_ARCH_X86)
                                insn_cache->id += mci.popcode_adjust;
 
                        next_offset = insn_size;
                } else  {
                        // encounter a broken instruction
 
                        // free memory of @detail pointer
                        if (handle->detail) {
                                cs_mem_free(insn_cache->detail);
                        }
 
                        // if there is no request to skip data, or remaining data is too small,
                        // then bail out
                        if (!handle->skipdata || handle->skipdata_size > size)
                                break;
 
                        if (handle->skipdata_setup.callback) {
                                skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_setup.callback(buffer_org, size_org,
                                                (size_t)(offset - offset_org), handle->skipdata_setup.user_data);
                                if (skipdata_bytes > size)
                                        // remaining data is not enough
                                        break;
 
                                if (!skipdata_bytes)
                                        // user requested not to skip data, so bail out
                                        break;
                        } else
                                skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_size;
 
                        // we have to skip some amount of data, depending on arch & mode
                        insn_cache->id = 0;     // invalid ID for this "data" instruction
                        insn_cache->address = offset;
                        insn_cache->size = (uint16_t)skipdata_bytes;
                        memcpy(insn_cache->bytes, buffer, skipdata_bytes);
#ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET
                        insn_cache->mnemonic[0] = '\0';
                        insn_cache->op_str[0] = '\0';
#else
                        strncpy(insn_cache->mnemonic, handle->skipdata_setup.mnemonic,
                                        sizeof(insn_cache->mnemonic) - 1);
                        skipdata_opstr(insn_cache->op_str, buffer, skipdata_bytes);
#endif
                        insn_cache->detail = NULL;
 
                        next_offset = skipdata_bytes;
                }
 
                // one more instruction entering the cache
                f++;
 
                // one more instruction disassembled
                c++;
                if (count > 0 && c == count)
                        // already got requested number of instructions
                        break;
 
                if (f == cache_size) {
                        // full cache, so expand the cache to contain incoming insns
                        cache_size = cache_size * 8 / 5; // * 1.6 ~ golden ratio
                        total_size += (sizeof(cs_insn) * cache_size);
                        tmp = cs_mem_realloc(total, total_size);
                        if (tmp == NULL) {      // insufficient memory
                                if (handle->detail) {
                                        insn_cache = (cs_insn *)total;
                                        for (i = 0; i < c; i++, insn_cache++)
                                                cs_mem_free(insn_cache->detail);
                                }
 
                                cs_mem_free(total);
                                *insn = NULL;
                                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM;
                                return 0;
                        }
 
                        total = tmp;
                        // continue to fill in the cache after the last instruction
                        insn_cache = (cs_insn *)((char *)total + sizeof(cs_insn) * c);
 
                        // reset f back to 0, so we fill in the cache from begining
                        f = 0;
                } else
                        insn_cache++;
 
                buffer += next_offset;
                size -= next_offset;
                offset += next_offset;
        }
 
        if (!c) {
                // we did not disassemble any instruction
                cs_mem_free(total);
                total = NULL;
        } else if (f != cache_size) {
                // total did not fully use the last cache, so downsize it
                tmp = cs_mem_realloc(total, total_size - (cache_size - f) * sizeof(*insn_cache));
                if (tmp == NULL) {      // insufficient memory
                        // free all detail pointers
                        if (handle->detail) {
                                insn_cache = (cs_insn *)total;
                                for (i = 0; i < c; i++, insn_cache++)
                                        cs_mem_free(insn_cache->detail);
                        }
 
                        cs_mem_free(total);
                        *insn = NULL;
 
                        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM;
                        return 0;
                }
 
                total = tmp;
        }
 
        *insn = total;
 
        return c;
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
CAPSTONE_DEPRECATED
size_t CAPSTONE_API cs_disasm_ex(csh ud, const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size, uint64_t offset, size_t count, cs_insn **insn)
{
        return cs_disasm(ud, buffer, size, offset, count, insn);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
void CAPSTONE_API cs_free(cs_insn *insn, size_t count)
{
        size_t i;
 
        // free all detail pointers
        for (i = 0; i < count; i++)
                cs_mem_free(insn[i].detail);
 
        // then free pointer to cs_insn array
        cs_mem_free(insn);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
cs_insn * CAPSTONE_API cs_malloc(csh ud)
{
        cs_insn *insn;
        struct cs_struct *handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        insn = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(cs_insn));
        if (!insn) {
                // insufficient memory
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM;
                return NULL;
        } else {
                if (handle->detail) {
                        // allocate memory for @detail pointer
                        insn->detail = cs_mem_malloc(sizeof(cs_detail));
                        if (insn->detail == NULL) {     // insufficient memory
                                cs_mem_free(insn);
                                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_MEM;
                                return NULL;
                        }
                } else
                        insn->detail = NULL;
        }
 
        return insn;
}
 
// iterator for instruction "single-stepping"
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_disasm_iter(csh ud, const uint8_t **code, size_t *size,
                uint64_t *address, cs_insn *insn)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        uint16_t insn_size;
        MCInst mci;
        bool r;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
        if (!handle) {
                return false;
        }
 
        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK;
 
        MCInst_Init(&mci);
        mci.csh = handle;
 
        // relative branches need to know the address & size of current insn
        mci.address = *address;
 
        // save all the information for non-detailed mode
        mci.flat_insn = insn;
        mci.flat_insn->address = *address;
#ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET
        // zero out mnemonic & op_str
        mci.flat_insn->mnemonic[0] = '\0';
        mci.flat_insn->op_str[0] = '\0';
#endif
 
        r = handle->disasm(ud, *code, *size, &mci, &insn_size, *address, handle->getinsn_info);
        if (r) {
                SStream ss;
                SStream_Init(&ss);
 
                mci.flat_insn->size = insn_size;
 
                // map internal instruction opcode to public insn ID
                handle->insn_id(handle, insn, mci.Opcode);
 
                handle->printer(&mci, &ss, handle->printer_info);
 
                fill_insn(handle, insn, ss.buffer, &mci, handle->post_printer, *code);
 
                // adjust for pseudo opcode (X86)
                if (handle->arch == CS_ARCH_X86)
                        insn->id += mci.popcode_adjust;
 
                *code += insn_size;
                *size -= insn_size;
                *address += insn_size;
        } else {        // encounter a broken instruction
                size_t skipdata_bytes;
 
                // if there is no request to skip data, or remaining data is too small,
                // then bail out
                if (!handle->skipdata || handle->skipdata_size > *size)
                        return false;
 
                if (handle->skipdata_setup.callback) {
                        skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_setup.callback(*code, *size,
                                        0, handle->skipdata_setup.user_data);
                        if (skipdata_bytes > *size)
                                // remaining data is not enough
                                return false;
 
                        if (!skipdata_bytes)
                                // user requested not to skip data, so bail out
                                return false;
                } else
                        skipdata_bytes = handle->skipdata_size;
 
                // we have to skip some amount of data, depending on arch & mode
                insn->id = 0;   // invalid ID for this "data" instruction
                insn->address = *address;
                insn->size = (uint16_t)skipdata_bytes;
#ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET
                insn->mnemonic[0] = '\0';
                insn->op_str[0] = '\0';
#else
                memcpy(insn->bytes, *code, skipdata_bytes);
                strncpy(insn->mnemonic, handle->skipdata_setup.mnemonic,
                                sizeof(insn->mnemonic) - 1);
                skipdata_opstr(insn->op_str, *code, skipdata_bytes);
#endif
 
                *code += skipdata_bytes;
                *size -= skipdata_bytes;
                *address += skipdata_bytes;
        }
 
        return true;
}
 
// return friendly name of regiser in a string
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_name(csh ud, unsigned int reg)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle || handle->reg_name == NULL) {
                return NULL;
        }
 
        return handle->reg_name(ud, reg);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_insn_name(csh ud, unsigned int insn)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle || handle->insn_name == NULL) {
                return NULL;
        }
 
        return handle->insn_name(ud, insn);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
const char * CAPSTONE_API cs_group_name(csh ud, unsigned int group)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle || handle->group_name == NULL) {
                return NULL;
        }
 
        return handle->group_name(ud, group);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_insn_group(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int group_id)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        if (!ud)
                return false;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!insn->id) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA;
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!insn->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return false;
        }
 
        return arr_exist8(insn->detail->groups, insn->detail->groups_count, group_id);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_read(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int reg_id)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        if (!ud)
                return false;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!insn->id) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA;
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!insn->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return false;
        }
 
        return arr_exist(insn->detail->regs_read, insn->detail->regs_read_count, reg_id);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
bool CAPSTONE_API cs_reg_write(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int reg_id)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        if (!ud)
                return false;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!insn->id) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA;
                return false;
        }
 
        if (!insn->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return false;
        }
 
        return arr_exist(insn->detail->regs_write, insn->detail->regs_write_count, reg_id);
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
int CAPSTONE_API cs_op_count(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int op_type)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        unsigned int count = 0, i;
        if (!ud)
                return -1;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return -1;
        }
 
        if (!insn->id) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA;
                return -1;
        }
 
        if (!insn->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return -1;
        }
 
        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK;
 
        switch (handle->arch) {
                default:
                        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_HANDLE;
                        return -1;
                case CS_ARCH_ARM:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->arm.operands[i].type == (arm_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_ARM64:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm64.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->arm64.operands[i].type == (arm64_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_X86:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->x86.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->x86.operands[i].type == (x86_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_MIPS:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->mips.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->mips.operands[i].type == (mips_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_PPC:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->ppc.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->ppc.operands[i].type == (ppc_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_SPARC:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sparc.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->sparc.operands[i].type == (sparc_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_SYSZ:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sysz.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->sysz.operands[i].type == (sysz_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_XCORE:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->xcore.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->xcore.operands[i].type == (xcore_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_M68K:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m68k.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->m68k.operands[i].type == (m68k_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->tms320c64x.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->tms320c64x.operands[i].type == (tms320c64x_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_M680X:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m680x.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->m680x.operands[i].type == (m680x_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_EVM:
#if 0
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->evm.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->evm.operands[i].type == (evm_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
#endif
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_MOS65XX:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->mos65xx.op_count; i++)
                                if (insn->detail->mos65xx.operands[i].type == (mos65xx_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                        break;
        }
 
        return count;
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
int CAPSTONE_API cs_op_index(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn, unsigned int op_type,
                unsigned int post)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
        unsigned int count = 0, i;
        if (!ud)
                return -1;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
        if (!handle->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return -1;
        }
 
        if (!insn->id) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA;
                return -1;
        }
 
        if (!insn->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return -1;
        }
 
        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_OK;
 
        switch (handle->arch) {
                default:
                        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_HANDLE;
                        return -1;
                case CS_ARCH_ARM:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->arm.operands[i].type == (arm_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_ARM64:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->arm64.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->arm64.operands[i].type == (arm64_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_X86:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->x86.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->x86.operands[i].type == (x86_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_MIPS:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->mips.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->mips.operands[i].type == (mips_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_PPC:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->ppc.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->ppc.operands[i].type == (ppc_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_SPARC:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sparc.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->sparc.operands[i].type == (sparc_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_SYSZ:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->sysz.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->sysz.operands[i].type == (sysz_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_XCORE:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->xcore.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->xcore.operands[i].type == (xcore_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_M68K:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m68k.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->m68k.operands[i].type == (m68k_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_TMS320C64X:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->tms320c64x.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->tms320c64x.operands[i].type == (tms320c64x_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_M680X:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->m680x.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->m680x.operands[i].type == (m680x_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_EVM:
#if 0
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->evm.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->evm.operands[i].type == (evm_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
#endif
                        break;
                case CS_ARCH_MOS65XX:
                        for (i = 0; i < insn->detail->mos65xx.op_count; i++) {
                                if (insn->detail->mos65xx.operands[i].type == (mos65xx_op_type)op_type)
                                        count++;
                                if (count == post)
                                        return i;
                        }
                        break;
        }
 
        return -1;
}
 
CAPSTONE_EXPORT
cs_err CAPSTONE_API cs_regs_access(csh ud, const cs_insn *insn,
                cs_regs regs_read, uint8_t *regs_read_count,
                cs_regs regs_write, uint8_t *regs_write_count)
{
        struct cs_struct *handle;
 
        if (!ud)
                return -1;
 
        handle = (struct cs_struct *)(uintptr_t)ud;
 
#ifdef CAPSTONE_DIET
        // This API does not work in DIET mode
        handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DIET;
        return CS_ERR_DIET;
#else
        if (!handle->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return CS_ERR_DETAIL;
        }
 
        if (!insn->id) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_SKIPDATA;
                return CS_ERR_SKIPDATA;
        }
 
        if (!insn->detail) {
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_DETAIL;
                return CS_ERR_DETAIL;
        }
 
        if (handle->reg_access) {
                handle->reg_access(insn, regs_read, regs_read_count, regs_write, regs_write_count);
        } else {
                // this arch is unsupported yet
                handle->errnum = CS_ERR_ARCH;
                return CS_ERR_ARCH;
        }
 
        return CS_ERR_OK;
#endif
}