dsa.cpp

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//======================================================================
//======================================================================
 
#include "sdhlibrary_settings.h"
 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// System Includes - include with <>
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
#if SDH_USE_VCC
// To prevent windef.h from defining evil macros for min/max:
#define NOMINMAX
#endif
 
#include <assert.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Project Includes - include with ""
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
#include "dsa.h"
#include "sdhbase.h" // for g_sdh_debug_log
#include "util.h"
#include "tcpserial.h"
 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Defines, enums, unions, structs
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
USING_NAMESPACE_SDH
 
enum eDSAPacketID
{
    eDSA_FULL_FRAME = 0x00,
    eDSA_QUERY_CONTROLLER_CONFIGURATION = 0x01,
    eDSA_QUERY_SENSOR_CONFIGURATION = 0x02,
    eDSA_QUERY_MATRIX_CONFIGURATION = 0x0B,
    eDSA_CONFIGURE_DATA_ACQUISITION = 0x03,
    eDSA_QUERY_CONTROLLER_FEATURES = 0x10,
    eDSA_READ_MATRIX_MASK = 0x04,
    eDSA_SET_DYNAMIC_MASK = 0xAB,
    eDSA_READ_DESCRIPTOR_STRING = 0x05,
    eDSA_LOOP = 0x06,
    eDSA_QUERY_CONTROLLER_STATE = 0x0a,
    eDSA_SET_PROPERTIES_SAMPLE_RATE = 0x0c,
    eDSA_SET_PROPERTIES_CONTROL_VECTOR_FOR_MATRIX = 0x0d,
    eDSA_GET_PROPERTIES_CONTROL_VECTOR_OF_MATRIX = 0x0e,
    eDSA_ADJUST_MATRIX_SENSITIVITY = 0x0f,
    eDSA_GET_SENSITIVITY_ADJUSTMENT_INFO = 0x12,
    eDSA_SET_MATRIX_THRESHOLD = 0x13,
    eDSA_GET_MATRIX_THRESHOLD = 0x14,
};
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Global variables (declarations)
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// External functions (function declarations)
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Function prototypes (function declarations)
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
// Class declarations
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::WriteCommandWithPayload( UInt8 command, UInt8* payload, UInt16 payload_len )
{
    cCRC_DSACON32m checksum;
    int bytes_written = 0;
    int len;
 
#if SDH_USE_VCC
    // VCC cannot create variable size arrays on the stack; so use the heap
    char* buffer = new char[ payload_len+8 ];
    try
    {
#else
    // gcc knows how to allocate variable size arrays on the stack
    char buffer[ payload_len + 8 ]; // 8 = 3 (preamble) + 1 (command) + 2 (len) + 2 (CRC)
#endif
    buffer[0] = (UInt8) 0xaa;
    buffer[1] = (UInt8) 0xaa;
    buffer[2] = (UInt8) 0xaa;
    buffer[3] = command;
    buffer[4] = ((UInt8*) &payload_len)[0];
    buffer[5] = ((UInt8*) &payload_len)[1];
 
    if ( payload_len > 0)
    {
        // command and payload length are included in checksum (if used)
        checksum.AddByte( command );
        checksum.AddByte( buffer[4] );
        checksum.AddByte( buffer[5] );
    }
    unsigned int i;
    for ( i=0; i < payload_len; i++)
    {
        checksum.AddByte( payload[ i ] );
        buffer[ 6+i ] = payload[i];
    }
 
    if ( payload_len > 0)
    {
        // there is a payload, so the checksum is sent along with the data
        len = payload_len + 8;
        buffer[len-2] = checksum.GetCRC_LB();
        buffer[len-1] = checksum.GetCRC_HB();
    }
    else
    {
        // no payload => no checksum
        len = 6;
    }
 
    bytes_written = com->write( buffer, len );
 
#if SDH_USE_VCC
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        // we have to delete[] the buffer, even if the try block above throws an exception:
        delete[] buffer;
        throw; // rethrow exception
    }
    // we have to delete[] the buffer if no exception was thrown
    delete[] buffer;
#endif
 
    if ( bytes_written != len )
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Could only write %d/%d bytes to DSACON32m", bytes_written, len ) );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
void cDSA::ReadResponse( sResponse* response, UInt8 command_id )
{
    assert( response != NULL );
 
    int retries_frames = 0;
    while ( retries_frames++ < 5 )
    {
        //---------------------
        // read at most DSA_MAX_PREAMBLE_SEARCH bytes until a valid  preamble 0xaa, 0xaa, 0xaa is found
        UInt16 i;
        UInt8 byte;
        int   nb_preamble_bytes = 0;
        ssize_t bytes_read = 0;
        bool found = false;
        int retries = 0;
        do {
            try {
                bytes_read = com->Read( &byte, 1, read_timeout_us, false );
            }
            catch ( cSerialBaseException* e )
            {
                // ignore timeout
                dbg << "Caught cSerialBaseException " << e->what() << ", rethrowing as cDSAException timeout\n";
                delete e;
                bytes_read = 0;
            }
            if ( bytes_read == 0 )
                throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Timeout while reading preamble from remote DSACON32m controller" ) );
 
            retries++;
            if ( byte == 0xaa )
            {
                nb_preamble_bytes++;
                dbg << "found valid preamble byte no " << nb_preamble_bytes << "\n";
            }
            else
            {
                nb_preamble_bytes = 0;
                dbg << "ignoring invalid preamble byte " << int(byte) << "\n";
            }
 
            found = nb_preamble_bytes == 3;
        } while ( !found  && retries < DSA_MAX_PREAMBLE_SEARCH );
 
        if ( !found )
            throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Could not find valid preamble in %ld data bytes from remote DSACON32m controller", bytes_read ) );
        //---------------------
 
        //---------------------
        // read and check command ID and size:
        bytes_read = com->Read( response, 3, read_timeout_us, false );
        if ( bytes_read != 3 )
        {
            throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Could only read %ld/3 header bytes from remote DSACON32m controller", bytes_read ) );
        }
        //---------------------
 
        //---------------------
        // check if its the expected response and if enough space in payload of response:
        if ( response->packet_id != command_id || response->payload == NULL  ||  response->max_payload_size < (int) response->size )
        {
            // no, so read and forget the data plus checksum (to keep communication line clean)
#if SDH_USE_VCC
            // VCC cannot create variable size arrays on the stack; so use the heap
            char* buffer = new char[ response->size+2 ];
            try
            {
#else
                // gcc knows how to allocate variable size arrays on the stack
                char buffer[ response->size+2 ];
#endif
 
                int nb_bytes_ignored = com->Read( buffer, response->size+2, read_timeout_us, false );
                dbg << "Read and ignored " << nb_bytes_ignored << " bytes of response " << *response << "\n";
 
#if SDH_USE_VCC
            }
            catch (...)
            {
                // we have to delete[] the buffer, even if the try block above throws an exception:
                delete[] buffer;
                throw; // rethrow exception
            }
            // we have to delete[] the buffer if no exception was thrown
            delete[] buffer;
#endif
 
            // it is a common case that the answer is a normal "full-frame"
            // response from the DSACON32m, since it can send data
            // automatically in "push-mode". So just ignore such a response
            // and try to read the next response:
            if ( response->packet_id != command_id  &&  response->packet_id == UInt8(eDSA_FULL_FRAME) )
                continue;
 
            // else report an error
            throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Unexpected response. Expected command_id 0x%02x with up to %d payload bytes, but got command_id 0x%02x with %d payload bytes", (int) command_id, (int) response->max_payload_size, (int) response->packet_id, response->size ) );
        }
        //---------------------
 
        //---------------------
        // read indicated rest (excluding checksum)
        bytes_read = com->Read( response->payload, response->size, read_timeout_us, false );
        if ( bytes_read != response->size )
        {
            throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Could only read %ld/%d payload bytes from remote DSACON32m controller", bytes_read, response->size ) );
        }
        //---------------------
 
        //---------------------
        // read and check checksum, if given
        if ( response->size > 0 )
        {
            UInt16         checksum_received;
            cCRC_DSACON32m checksum_calculated;
 
            bytes_read = com->Read( (void*) &checksum_received, sizeof( checksum_received ), read_timeout_us, false );
            if ( bytes_read != sizeof( checksum_received ) )
                throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Could only read %ld/2 checksum bytes from remote DSACON32m controller", bytes_read ) );
 
            checksum_calculated.AddByte( response->packet_id );
            checksum_calculated.AddByte( ((UInt8*) &response->size)[0] );
            checksum_calculated.AddByte( ((UInt8*) &response->size)[1] );
            for ( i=0; i < response->size; i++ )
                checksum_calculated.AddByte( response->payload[i] );
 
            if ( checksum_received != checksum_calculated.GetCRC() )
            {
                dbg << "Checksum Error, got 0x" << std::hex << checksum_received << " but expected 0x" << std::hex << checksum_calculated.GetCRC() << "\n";
                dbg << "response = " << *response << "\n";
 
                // ??? maybe this should be silently ignored ???
                throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Checksum Error, got 0x%x but expected 0x%x", checksum_received, checksum_calculated.GetCRC() ) );
            }
            else
                dbg << "Checksum OK\n";
        }
        //---------------------
 
        return;
    }
    throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Retried %d times but could not get expected response with command_id 0x%02x and up to %d payload bytes.", retries_frames, (int) command_id, (int) response->max_payload_size ) );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::ReadControllerInfo( sControllerInfo* _controller_info )
{
    sResponse response( (UInt8*) _controller_info, sizeof( *_controller_info ) );
 
    ReadResponse( &response, UInt8(eDSA_QUERY_CONTROLLER_CONFIGURATION) );
 
    // !!! somehow the controller sends only 18 bytes although 19 are expected
    //if ( response.size != sizeof( *_controller_info ) )
    //    throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Response with controllerinfo has unexpected size %d (expected %d)", response.size, sizeof(*_controller_info) ) );
    if ( 18 != response.size )
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Response with controllerinfo has unexpected size %d (expected %d)", response.size, 18 ) );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::ReadSensorInfo( sSensorInfo* _sensor_info )
{
    sResponse response( (UInt8*) _sensor_info, sizeof( *_sensor_info ) );
 
    ReadResponse( &response, UInt8(eDSA_QUERY_SENSOR_CONFIGURATION) );
 
    if ( response.size != sizeof( *_sensor_info ) )
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Response with sensorinfo has unexpected size %d (expected %ld)", response.size, sizeof(*_sensor_info) ) );
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::ReadMatrixInfo( sMatrixInfo* _matrix_info  )
{
    sResponse response( (UInt8*) _matrix_info, sizeof( *_matrix_info ) );
 
    ReadResponse( &response, UInt8(eDSA_QUERY_MATRIX_CONFIGURATION) );
 
    if ( response.size != sizeof( *_matrix_info ) )
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Response with matrixinfo has unexpected size %d (expected %ld)", response.size, sizeof(*_matrix_info) ) );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::ReadFrame( sTactileSensorFrame* frame_p  )
{
    // provide a buffer with space for a full frame without RLE
    // this might fail if RLE is used and the data is not RLE "friendly"
    int buffersize = 5 + nb_cells * sizeof( tTexel );
#if SDH_USE_VCC
    // VCC cannot create variable size arrays on the stack; so use the heap
    UInt8* buffer = new UInt8[ buffersize ];
    try
    {
#else
    // gcc knows how to allocate variable size arrays on the stack
    UInt8 buffer[ buffersize ];
#endif
    sResponse response( buffer, buffersize );
    ReadResponse( &response, UInt8(eDSA_FULL_FRAME) );
 
    //---------------------
    // since DSACON32m might send data in push mode there might be more frames
    // available in the input buffer of the OS. E.g. if the processor has a high load.
    // so we have to try to read all frames available and use the last one.
    //cSimpleTime read_others_start;  //FIX ME: remove me
 
    cSetValueTemporarily<long> set_read_timeout_us_temporarily( &read_timeout_us, 0L );
    // old value of read_timeout_us will be automatically restored when leaving this function (on return or on exception)
 
    bool read_another = m_read_another;
    while ( read_another )
    {
        try
        {
            ReadResponse( &response, UInt8(eDSA_FULL_FRAME) );
            //std::cerr << "Read another pending frame!\n"; //FIX ME: remove me
        }
        catch ( cDSAException* e )
        {
            // timeout occured, so no more frames available
            delete e;
            //std::cerr << "No more frames available\n"; //FIX ME: remove me
            read_another = false;
        }
    }
    //double read_others_elapsed = read_others_start.Elapsed();//FIX ME: remove me
    //std::cerr << "Reading others took " << read_others_elapsed << "s\n"; //FIX ME: remove me
    //---------------------
 
 
    // size cannot be checked here since it may depend on the data sent (if RLE is used)
 
    ParseFrame( &response, frame_p );
 
#if SDH_USE_VCC
    }
    catch (...)
    {
        // we have to delete[] the buffer, even if the try block above throws an exception:
        delete[] buffer;
        throw; // rethrow exception
    }
    // we have to delete[] the buffer if no exception was thrown
    delete[] buffer;
#endif
 
 
    /*
     * DSACON32m firmware release up to and including 288 except 269
     * are not able to handle single frame acquisition. Instead they
     * start sending as fast as possible right away.
     *
     * So stop acquiring immediately after frame was received
     */
    if ( acquiring_single_frame && controller_info.sw_version <= 288 && controller_info.sw_version != 269 )
    {
        dbg << "switching off acquiring single frames\n";
        SetFramerate( 0, true, false );
        FlushInput( 50000, 1000 ); // wait 50ms for first byte since hand sends with 30 fps => 33ms
    }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::QueryControllerInfo( sControllerInfo* _controller_info  )
{
    WriteCommand( UInt8(eDSA_QUERY_CONTROLLER_CONFIGURATION) );
    ReadControllerInfo( _controller_info );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::QuerySensorInfo( sSensorInfo* _sensor_info )
{
    WriteCommand( UInt8(eDSA_QUERY_SENSOR_CONFIGURATION) );
    ReadSensorInfo( _sensor_info );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::QueryMatrixInfo( sMatrixInfo* _matrix_info, int matrix_no )
{
    WriteCommandWithPayload( UInt8(eDSA_QUERY_MATRIX_CONFIGURATION), (UInt8*) &matrix_no, 1 );
    ReadMatrixInfo( _matrix_info );
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::QueryMatrixInfos( void )
{
    if ( texel_offset != NULL )
    {
        delete[] texel_offset;
        texel_offset = NULL;
    }
 
    if ( matrix_info != NULL )
    {
        delete[] matrix_info;
        matrix_info = NULL;
    }
 
 
    matrix_info = new sMatrixInfo[ sensor_info.nb_matrices ];
    assert( matrix_info != NULL );
 
    texel_offset = new int[ sensor_info.nb_matrices ];
    assert( texel_offset != NULL );
 
    nb_cells = 0;
 
    unsigned int i;
    for ( i=0; i<sensor_info.nb_matrices; i++ )
    {
        texel_offset[i] = nb_cells;
        QueryMatrixInfo( &(matrix_info[i]), i );
        VAR( dbg, matrix_info[i] );
 
        nb_cells += matrix_info[i].cells_x * matrix_info[i].cells_y;
    }
    VAR( dbg, nb_cells );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::ParseFrame( sResponse* response, sTactileSensorFrame* frame_p )
{
    unsigned int i = 0; // index of next unparsed data byte in payload
 
    //---------------------
    // copy timestamp and flags from response
    frame_p->timestamp = *(UInt32*) &(response->payload[ i ]);
    i+=4;
    VAR( dbg, frame_p->timestamp );
 
    frame_p->flags = response->payload[ i ];
    i+=1;
    VAR( dbg, (int)frame_p->flags );
 
    bool do_RLE = frame_p->flags & (1<<0);
    VAR( dbg, do_RLE );
    //---------------------
 
    //---------------------
    // for the first frame: record reported timestamp (time of DS) and now (time of pc)
    if (start_dsa == 0)
    {
        start_pc.StoreNow();
        start_dsa = frame_p->timestamp;
        //dbg << "Init start_dsa %d\n" % (start_dsa )
    }
    //---------------------
 
    if ( dbg.GetFlag() )
    {
        double diff_pc = start_pc.Elapsed();
        UInt32 diff_dsa = frame_p->timestamp - start_dsa;
        dbg.PDM( "ParseFrame: elapsed ms pc,dsa = %6u,%6u  %6u   age %6lu\n", (unsigned int) (diff_pc*1000.0), (unsigned int) diff_dsa, (unsigned int)(((unsigned int)(diff_pc*1000.0))-diff_dsa), GetAgeOfFrame(frame_p) );
    }
 
    //---------------------
    // copy received data from response to frame
    int j = 0;   // counter for frame elements
    if (do_RLE)
    {
        //---------------------
        // decode RLE encoded frame:
 
        UInt16 rle_unit;
        tTexel v;
        UInt8  n;
        while (i+1 < response->size)
        {
            rle_unit = *((UInt16*) &(response->payload[ i ]));
            v = rle_unit & 0x0fff;
            n = rle_unit >> 12;
            while (n > 0)
            {
                //response->frame append( v )
                if (j<nb_cells)
                {
                    frame_p->texel[ j ] = v;
                }
                n -= 1;
                j += 1;
            }
            i += sizeof( rle_unit );
        }
        if ( j != nb_cells )
            throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Received RLE encoded frame contains %d texels, but %d are expected", j, nb_cells ) );
 
        //---------------------
    }
    else
    {
        //---------------------
        // copy non RLE encoded frame:
 
        if ( response->size - i != (UInt16) (nb_cells * sizeof( tTexel )) )
            throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Received non RLE encoded frame contains %d bytes, but %ld are expected", response->size - i, nb_cells * sizeof( tTexel ) ) );
 
        memcpy( frame_p->texel, &(response->payload[ i ]), response->size - i );
        //---------------------
    }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
void cDSA::Init( int debug_level )
{
    dbg << "Debug messages of class cDSA are printed like this.\n";
 
    //---------------------
    // check compilation settings (whether the compiler, especially vcc packed structures correctly or not):
    assert( sizeof( sControllerInfo ) == 19 );
    assert( sizeof( sSensorInfo ) == 12 );
    assert( sizeof( sMatrixInfo ) == 52 );
    assert( sizeof( sResponse )   == 7 + sizeof( char* ) );  // on 64 bit systems the char* might be 8 bytes!
    //---------------------
    assert( com != NULL );
 
    com->dbg.SetFlag( debug_level-1 > 0);
 
    Open();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
cDSA::cDSA( int debug_level, int port, char const* device_format_string )
    : // init members:
    m_read_another(false),
    dbg ( (debug_level>0), "blue", g_sdh_debug_log ),
    com (NULL),
    do_RLE (false ),
    matrix_info (NULL),
    frame (),
    nb_cells ( 0 ),
    texel_offset (NULL),
    read_timeout_us (1000000), // 1s
    start_pc (),
    start_dsa (0),
    contact_area_cell_threshold (10),
    contact_force_cell_threshold (10),
    force_factor (1.0),
    calib_pressure (0.000473), // N/(mm*mm)
    calib_voltage (592.1),     // "what the DSA reports:" ~mV
    acquiring_single_frame (false)
 
{
    com = new cRS232( port, 115200, 1.0, device_format_string );
    Init( debug_level );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
cDSA::cDSA( int debug_level, char const* _tcp_adr, int _tcp_port, double _timeout )
    : // init members:
    m_read_another(false),
    dbg ( (debug_level>0), "blue", g_sdh_debug_log ),
    com (NULL),
    do_RLE (false ),
    matrix_info (NULL),
    frame (),
    nb_cells ( 0 ),
    texel_offset (NULL),
    read_timeout_us (1000000), // 1s
    start_pc (),
    start_dsa (0),
    contact_area_cell_threshold (10),
    contact_force_cell_threshold (10),
    force_factor (1.0),
    calib_pressure (0.000473), // N/(mm*mm)
    calib_voltage (592.1),     // "what the DSA reports:" ~mV
    acquiring_single_frame (false)
{
    com = new cTCPSerial( _tcp_adr, _tcp_port, _timeout );
    Init( debug_level );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
void cDSA::FlushInput( long timeout_us_first, long timeout_us_subsequent )
{
    int bytes_read, bytes_read_total = 0;
    long timeout_us = timeout_us_first;
    do {
        UInt8 byte[4096];
        try {
            bytes_read = com->Read( &byte, 4096, timeout_us, true );
        }
        catch ( cSerialBaseException* e )
        {
          delete e;
          bytes_read = 0;
          // ignore timeout exception
          break;
        }
        bytes_read_total += bytes_read;
        timeout_us = timeout_us_subsequent;
    } while (bytes_read > 0);
    dbg << "ignoring " << bytes_read_total << " old bytes of garbage from device\n";
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::Open(void)
{
    com->Open();
 
    //---------------------
    // Set framerate of remote DSACON32m to 0 first.
    //   This is necessary since the remote DSACON32m might still be sending frames
    //   from a previous command of another process.
    //   An exception may be thrown if the response for the command gets messed up
    //   with old sent frames, so ignore these.
    //   Additionally we have to ignore the "Detect terminal presence" codes sent by the
    //   DSACON32m after power up / reset. These codes ("\x1b[5n" = 0x1b 0x5b 0x35 0x6e)
    //   are sent 3 times within 0.82 seconds approximately 7 seconds after power up.
    //   The DSACON32m will accept commands only after this time (ca. 8 seconds).
    {
        cSetValueTemporarily<long> set_read_timeout_us_temporarily( &read_timeout_us, 3000000L ); // 3000000us = 3s  => 3 retries = 4 tries a 3s = 12s > 8s = power up time of DSACON32m
        // old value of read_timeout_us will be automatically restored when leaving this function (on return or on exception)
 
        SetFramerateRetries( 0, true, false, 3, false );
    }
    //---------------------
 
    //---------------------
    // clean up communication line
    FlushInput( 1000000, 1000 );
    //---------------------
 
 
    //---------------------
    // now query the controller, sensor and matrix info from the remote DSACON32m controller
    QueryControllerInfo( &controller_info );
    VAR( dbg, controller_info );
 
    QuerySensorInfo( &sensor_info );
    VAR( dbg, sensor_info );
 
    // read this from data ???
    //sensor_info.bit_resolution = 12;
    //sensor_info.maxvalue = (1 << sensor_info.bit_resolution)-1;
 
    QueryMatrixInfos();
    //---------------------
 
    //---------------------
    // now we know the dimension of the attached sensors, so get space for a full frame
    frame.texel = new tTexel[ nb_cells ];
    //---------------------
 
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
 
cDSA::~cDSA()
{
 
    if ( frame.texel != NULL )
        delete[] frame.texel;
 
    if ( texel_offset != NULL )
        delete[] texel_offset;
 
    if ( matrix_info != NULL )
        delete[] matrix_info;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::Close(void)
{
    dbg << "Closing\n";
    SetFramerateRetries( 0, true, false, 0, true );
    com->Close();
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::ReadAndCheckErrorResponse( char const* msg, UInt8 command_id )
{
    UInt16 error_code;
    sResponse response( (UInt8*) &error_code, sizeof( error_code ) ); // we expect only 2 bytes payload in the answer (the error code)
    ReadResponse( &response, command_id );
 
    if ( response.size != 2 )
    {
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Invalid response from DSACON32m for %s, expected 2 bytes but got %d", msg, response.size ) );
    }
    else if ( error_code != E_SUCCESS )
    {
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Error response from DSACON32m for %s, errorcode = %d (%s)", msg, error_code, ErrorCodeToString( error_code ) ) );
    }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::SetFramerate( UInt16 framerate, bool do_RLE, bool do_data_acquisition )
{
    dbg << "cDSA::SetFramerate, setting framerate to " << framerate << " do_data_acquisition= " << do_data_acquisition << "\n";
    UInt8 flags = 0;
 
    if ( do_data_acquisition )
    {
        flags |= (1<<7);
    }
 
    //if ( do_single_shot )
    //    flags |= (1<<6);
 
    //if ( do_internal_trigger )
    //    flags |= (1<<5);
 
    //if ( do_level_trigger )
    //    flags |= (1<<4);
 
    //if ( do_rising_high )
    //    flags |= (1<<3);
 
    if ( do_RLE )
    {
        flags |= (1<<0);
    }
 
    UInt8 buffer[ 3 ];
    buffer[0] = flags;
    buffer[1] = ((UInt8*) &framerate)[0];
    buffer[2] = ((UInt8*) &framerate)[1];
 
    WriteCommandWithPayload( UInt8(eDSA_CONFIGURE_DATA_ACQUISITION), buffer, sizeof( buffer ) );
    ReadAndCheckErrorResponse( "cDSA::SetFramerate", UInt8(eDSA_CONFIGURE_DATA_ACQUISITION) );
    dbg << "acknowledge ok\n";
 
    if ( framerate==0 && do_data_acquisition )
        acquiring_single_frame = true;
    else
        acquiring_single_frame = false;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::SetFramerateRetries( UInt16 framerate, bool do_RLE, bool do_data_acquisition, unsigned int retries, bool ignore_exceptions )
{
    do
    {
        try
        {
            SetFramerate( framerate, do_RLE, do_data_acquisition );
            // in case of success we just return
            return;
        }
        catch ( cDSAException* e )
        {
            if ( retries-- == 0  &&  !ignore_exceptions )
                throw; // rethrow in case of retries exceeded
            // catch and ignore exceptions which might result from an invalid response
            dbg << "ignoring Caught exception: " << e->what() << "\n";
            delete e;
        }
        // retry: reopen the interface and try again:
        //com->Close();
        //com->Open();
    } while ( retries>0 );
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
void cDSA::SetMatrixSensitivity( int matrix_no,
                                 double sensitivity,
                                 bool do_all_matrices,
                                 bool do_reset,
                                 bool do_persistent )
{
#if SDH_USE_VCC
#pragma pack(push,1)  // for VCC (MS Visual Studio) we have to set the necessary 1 byte packing with this pragma
#endif
    struct sSetSensitivity
    {
        UInt8 flags;
        UInt8 matrix_no;
        float sensitivity;
    } SDH__attribute__((__packed__)); // for gcc we have to set the necessary 1 byte packing with this attribute;
#if SDH_USE_VCC
#pragma pack(pop)   // for VCC (MS Visual Studio) restore normal packing
#endif
 
    sSetSensitivity set_sensitivity;
 
    set_sensitivity.flags = 0;
    if ( do_persistent )
        set_sensitivity.flags |= (1<<7);
    if ( do_all_matrices )
        set_sensitivity.flags |= (1<<1);
    if ( do_reset )
        set_sensitivity.flags |= (1<<0);
 
    set_sensitivity.matrix_no   = (UInt8) matrix_no;
    set_sensitivity.sensitivity = (float) sensitivity;
 
    WriteCommandWithPayload( UInt8(eDSA_ADJUST_MATRIX_SENSITIVITY), (UInt8*) &set_sensitivity, sizeof(set_sensitivity) );
 
    // Due to a bug in the firmware there will be no answer when writing persistently
    if ( ! do_persistent )
        ReadAndCheckErrorResponse( "cDSA::SetMatrixSensitivity", UInt8(eDSA_ADJUST_MATRIX_SENSITIVITY) );
 
    dbg << "SetMatrixSensitivity ok\n";
}
 
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
cDSA::sSensitivityInfo cDSA::GetMatrixSensitivity( int matrix_no )
{
    WriteCommandWithPayload( UInt8(eDSA_GET_SENSITIVITY_ADJUSTMENT_INFO), (UInt8*) &matrix_no, 1 );
 
    sSensitivityInfo sensitivity_info;
 
    sResponse response( (UInt8*) &sensitivity_info, sizeof( sensitivity_info ) );
    ReadResponse( &response, UInt8(eDSA_GET_SENSITIVITY_ADJUSTMENT_INFO) );
 
    if ( response.size != sizeof( sensitivity_info ) )
    {
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Invalid response from DSACON32m for cDSA::GetMatrixSensitivity(), expected %ld bytes but got %d", sizeof( sensitivity_info ), response.size ) );
    }
    else if (response.payload[0] != 0  || response.payload[1] != 0   )
    {
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Error response from DSACON32m for cDSA::GetMatrixSensitivity(), errorcode = %d (%s)", sensitivity_info.error_code, ErrorCodeToString( sensitivity_info.error_code ) ) );
    }
    dbg << "GetMatrixSensitivity ok\n";
 
    return sensitivity_info;
}
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
void cDSA::SetMatrixThreshold( int matrix_no,
                               UInt16 threshold,
                               bool do_all_matrices,
                               bool do_reset,
                               bool do_persistent )
{
    if ( controller_info.sw_version < 268 )
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "Cannot adjust matrix threshold with current DSACON32m firmware (R%d)! Please update to R268 or above.)", controller_info.sw_version ) );
 
    int flags = 0;
    if ( do_persistent )
        flags |= (1<<7);
    if ( do_all_matrices )
        flags |= (1<<1);
    if ( do_reset )
        flags |= (1<<0);
 
    UInt8 buffer[ 4 ];
    buffer[0] = flags;
    buffer[1] = matrix_no & 0xff;
    memcpy( &(buffer[2]), &threshold, sizeof( threshold ) );
    WriteCommandWithPayload( UInt8(eDSA_SET_MATRIX_THRESHOLD), buffer, sizeof(buffer) );
 
    // Due to a bug in the firmware there will be no answer when writing persistently
    if ( ! do_persistent )
        ReadAndCheckErrorResponse( "cDSA::SetMatrixThreshold", UInt8(eDSA_SET_MATRIX_THRESHOLD) );
 
    dbg << "SetMatrixThreshold ok\n";
}
 
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
UInt16 cDSA::GetMatrixThreshold( int matrix_no )
{
    if ( controller_info.sw_version < 268 )
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "cDSA::GetMatrixThreshold() Cannot read matrix threshold with current DSACON32m firmware (R%d)! Please update to R268 or above.", controller_info.sw_version ) );
 
    WriteCommandWithPayload( UInt8(eDSA_GET_MATRIX_THRESHOLD), (UInt8*) &matrix_no, 1 );
 
    UInt8 buffer[ 4 ];
    sResponse response( buffer, sizeof(buffer) );
    ReadResponse( &response, UInt8(eDSA_GET_MATRIX_THRESHOLD) );
 
 
    if ( response.size != sizeof( buffer ) )
    {
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "cDSA::GetMatrixThreshold() Invalid response from DSACON32m, expected %ld bytes but got %d", sizeof( buffer ), response.size ) );
    }
    else if (response.payload[0] != 0  || response.payload[1] != 0   )
    {
        UInt16 error_code;
        memcpy( (void*) &error_code, (void*) &(buffer[0]), sizeof( error_code ) );
        throw new cDSAException( cMsg( "cDSA::GetMatrixThreshold() Error response from DSACON32m, errorcode = %d (%s)", error_code, ErrorCodeToString( error_code ) ) );
    }
    dbg << "GetMatrixThreshold ok\n";
 
    UInt16 threshold;
    memcpy( (void*) &threshold, (void*) &(buffer[2]), sizeof( threshold ) );
    return threshold;
}
 
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
cDSA::tTexel cDSA::GetTexel( int m, int x, int y ) const
{
    //VAR( dbg,  m );
    //VAR( dbg, sensor_info.nb_matrices );
    assert( 0 <= m  && m < (int) sensor_info.nb_matrices );
    assert( x >= 0  && x < (int) matrix_info[m].cells_x );
    assert( y >= 0  && y < (int) matrix_info[m].cells_y );
 
    return frame.texel[ texel_offset[m] + y * matrix_info[m].cells_x + x ];
}
 
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
double cDSA::GetContactArea( int m )
{
    double apc  = matrix_info[m].texel_width * matrix_info[m].texel_height; // area per cell
    double area = 0.0;
 
    for ( int y=0; y < matrix_info[m].cells_y; y++ )
    {
        for ( int x=0; x < matrix_info[m].cells_x; x++ )
        {
            if ( GetTexel( m, x, y ) > contact_area_cell_threshold )
            {
                area += apc;
            }
        }
    }
    return area;
}
 
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
double cDSA::VoltageToPressure( double voltage )
{
    // !!! for now use linear scale anyway
 
    /*
    # N/(mm*mm)  <-> Pascal    (from units.exe):
    #   You have: N/(mm*mm)
    #   You want: pascal
    #             * 1000000
    #             / 1e-06
    # => 1 N/(mm*mm) = 1e6 Pascal
    */
    return voltage * calib_pressure / calib_voltage;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
cDSA::sContactInfo cDSA::GetContactInfo( int m )
{
    sContactInfo result;
    double sum_pressures = 0.0;
    double sum_x = 0.0;
    double sum_y = 0.0;
    int nbcells = 0;
 
    for ( int y=0; y < matrix_info[m].cells_y; y++ )
    {
        for ( int x=0; x < matrix_info[m].cells_x; x++ )
        {
            double v = GetTexel( m, x, y );
 
            if ( v > contact_force_cell_threshold )
            {
                // \attention we cannot just sum up the voltages delivered by the tactile sensor since the
                // correlation between voltage and pressure might be non linear
                // so let calibration_data.VoltageToPressure() handle that
                double p = VoltageToPressure( v );
                sum_pressures += p;
                sum_x += double(x) * p;
                sum_y += double(y) * p;
                nbcells += 1;
            }
        }
    }
 
    result.area = matrix_info[m].texel_width * matrix_info[m].texel_height * (double) nbcells;
 
    result.force = force_factor * sum_pressures * result.area;
    if ( sum_pressures != 0.0 )
    {
        result.cog_x = matrix_info[m].texel_width  * sum_x / sum_pressures;
        result.cog_y = matrix_info[m].texel_height * sum_y / sum_pressures;
    }
    else
    {
        result.cog_x = 0.0;
        result.cog_y = 0.0;
    }
 
    return result;
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
char const* cDSA::ErrorCodeToString( eDSAErrorCode error_code )
{
    switch (error_code)
    {
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_SUCCESS );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_NOT_AVAILABLE );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_NO_SENSOR );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_NOT_INITIALIZED );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_ALREADY_RUNNING );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_FEATURE_NOT_SUPPORTED );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_INCONSISTENT_DATA );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_TIMEOUT );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_READ_ERROR );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_WRITE_ERROR );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_INSUFFICIENT_RESOURCES );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_CHECKSUM_ERROR );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_CMD_NOT_ENOUGH_PARAMS );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_CMD_UNKNOWN );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_CMD_FORMAT_ERROR );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_ACCESS_DENIED );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_ALREADY_OPEN );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_CMD_FAILED );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_CMD_ABORTED );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_INVALID_HANDLE );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_DEVICE_NOT_FOUND );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_DEVICE_NOT_OPENED );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_IO_ERROR );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_INVALID_PARAMETER );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_INDEX_OUT_OF_BOUNDS );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_CMD_PENDING );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_OVERRUN );
    DEFINE_TO_CASECOMMAND( E_RANGE_ERROR );
    default:
        return "unknown error_code";
    }
}
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
#define PRINT_MEMBER( _s, _var, _member )                       \
    (_s) << "  " << #_member << "=" << _var._member << "\n"
 
#define PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( _s, _var, _member )                       \
    (_s) << "  " << #_member << "=0x" << std::hex << int(_var._member) << std::dec << "\n"
 
 
// if the namespace is used then the overloaded operator<< must be explicitly defined in that namespace
 
std::ostream & NS_SDH operator<<( std::ostream &stream,  cDSA::sControllerInfo const &controller_info )
{
    stream << "sControllerInfo:\n";
    stream << "  " << "error_code=" << controller_info.error_code << " (" << cDSA::ErrorCodeToString( controller_info.error_code ) << ")\n";
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, controller_info, serial_no );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, controller_info, hw_version );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, controller_info, sw_version );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, controller_info, status_flags );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, controller_info, feature_flags );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, controller_info, senscon_type );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, controller_info, active_interface );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, controller_info, can_baudrate );
    return PRINT_MEMBER( stream, controller_info, can_id );
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
std::ostream & NS_SDH operator<<( std::ostream &stream,  cDSA::sSensorInfo const &sensor_info )
{
    stream << "sSensorInfo:\n";
    stream << "  " << "error_code=" << sensor_info.error_code << " (" << cDSA::ErrorCodeToString( sensor_info.error_code ) << ")\n";
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, sensor_info, nb_matrices );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, sensor_info, generated_by );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, sensor_info, hw_revision );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, sensor_info, serial_no );
    return PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, sensor_info, feature_flags );
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
std::ostream & NS_SDH operator<<( std::ostream &stream,  cDSA::sMatrixInfo const &matrix_info )
{
    stream << "sMatrixInfo:\n";
    stream << "  " << "error_code=" << matrix_info.error_code << " (" << cDSA::ErrorCodeToString( matrix_info.error_code ) << ")\n";
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, texel_width );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, texel_height );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, cells_x );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, cells_y );
    stream << "  " << "uid" << "={";
    unsigned int i;
    for ( i=0; i<(sizeof(matrix_info.uid)/sizeof(matrix_info.uid[0])); i++ )
        stream << " 0x" << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << int(matrix_info.uid[i]);
    stream << "}\n";
    stream << "  " << "reserved" << "={";
    for ( i=0; i<(sizeof(matrix_info.reserved)/sizeof(matrix_info.reserved[0])); i++ )
        stream << " 0x" << std::hex << std::setfill('0') << std::setw(2) << int(matrix_info.reserved[i]);
    stream << "}\n" << std::dec << std::setfill(' ');
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, matrix_info, hw_revision );
 
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, matrix_center_x );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, matrix_center_y );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, matrix_center_z );
 
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, matrix_theta_x );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, matrix_theta_y );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, matrix_theta_z );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, matrix_info, fullscale );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, matrix_info, feature_flags );
    return stream;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
NAMESPACE_SDH_START
 
std::ostream & operator<<( std::ostream &stream,  cDSA::sResponse const &response )
{
    stream << "sResponse:\n";
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, response, packet_id );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, response, size );
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, response, max_payload_size );
 
    stream << "  payload=";
    if ( response.payload )
    {
        UInt16 i;
        for ( i=0; i< response.size && i < response.max_payload_size; i+=8 )
        {
            cHexByteString hbs( (const char*)&response.payload[i], std::min( 8, response.size-i ) );
            stream << "\n    " << std::setw(3) << i << ": " << hbs;
        }
        stream << std::dec;
    }
    else
        stream << "NULL\n";
 
    return stream;
}
 
NAMESPACE_SDH_END
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
std::ostream & NS_SDH operator<<( std::ostream &stream,  cDSA const &dsa )
{
    stream << "cDSA.frame:";
    PRINT_MEMBER( stream, dsa.GetFrame(), timestamp );
    PRINT_MEMBER_HEX( stream, dsa.GetFrame(), flags );
 
    unsigned int m, x, y;
    for ( m = 0; m < dsa.GetSensorInfo().nb_matrices; m++ )
    {
        stream <<  "  matrix " << m << ":\n";
 
        for ( y = 0; y < dsa.GetMatrixInfo( m ).cells_y; y++ )
        {
            stream << std::setw( 2 ) << y << "| ";
            for ( x = 0; x < dsa.GetMatrixInfo( m ).cells_x; x++ )
            {
                stream << std::setw( 4 ) << dsa.GetTexel( m, x, y ) << " ";
            }
            stream << "\n";
        }
        stream << "\n";
    }
    return stream;
}
//----------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
//======================================================================
/*
  {
  Here are some settings for the emacs/xemacs editor (and can be safely ignored):
  (e.g. to explicitely set C++ mode for *.h header files)
 
  Local Variables:
  mode:C
  mode:ELSE
  End:
  }
*/
//======================================================================}