bitmap_io.c

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/* Copyright (C) 2001-2007 Peter Selinger.
   This file is part of Potrace. It is free software and it is covered
   by the GNU General Public License. See the file COPYING for details. */

/* $Id: bitmap_io.c 147 2007-04-09 00:44:09Z selinger $ */

/* Routines for manipulating bitmaps, including reading pbm files. */

#include <stdio.h>

#include "bitmap.h"

#define INTBITS (8*sizeof(int))

static int bm_readbody_bmp(FILE *f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t **bmp);
static int bm_readbody_pnm(FILE *f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t **bmp, int magic);

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* routines for reading pnm streams */

/* read next character after whitespace and comments. Return EOF on
   end of file or error. */
static int fgetc_ws(FILE *f) {
  int c;

  while (1) {
    c = fgetc(f);
    if (c=='#') {
      while (1) {
        c = fgetc(f);
        if (c=='\n' || c==EOF) {
          break;
        }
      }
    }
    /* space, tab, line feed, carriage return, form-feed */
    if (c!=' ' && c!='\t' && c!='\r' && c!='\n' && c!=12) {
      return c;
    }
  }
}

/* skip whitespace and comments, then read a non-negative decimal
   number from a stream. Return -1 on EOF. Tolerate other errors (skip
   bad characters). Do not the read any characters following the
   number (put next character back into the stream) */

static int readnum(FILE *f) {
  int c;
  int acc;

  /* skip whitespace and comments */
  while (1) {
    c = fgetc_ws(f);
    if (c==EOF) {
      return -1;
    }
    if (c>='0' && c<='9') {
      break;
    }
  }

  /* first digit is already in c */
  acc = c-'0';
  while (1) {
    c = fgetc(f);
    if (c==EOF) {
      break;
    }
    if (c<'0' || c>'9') {
      ungetc(c, f);
      break;
    }
    acc *= 10;
    acc += c-'0';
  }
  return acc;
}

/* similar to readnum, but read only a single 0 or 1, and do not read
   any characters after it. */

static int readbit(FILE *f) {
  int c;

  /* skip whitespace and comments */
  while (1) {
    c = fgetc_ws(f);
    if (c==EOF) {
      return -1;
    }
    if (c>='0' && c<='1') {
      break;
    }
  }

  return c-'0';
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */

/* read a PNM stream: P1-P6 format (see pnm(5)), or a BMP stream, and
   convert the output to a bitmap. Return bitmap in *bmp. Return 0 on
   success, -1 on error with errno set, -2 on bad file format (with
   error message in bm_read_error), and 1 on premature end of file, -3
   on empty file (including files which contain only whitespace and
   comments), -4 if wrong magic number. If the return value is >=0,
   *bmp is valid. */

char *bm_read_error = NULL;

int bm_read(FILE *f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t **bmp) {
  int magic[2];

  /* read magic number. We ignore whitespace and comments before the
     magic, for the benefit of concatenated files in P1-P3 format.
     Multiple P1-P3 images in a single file are not formally allowed
     by the PNM standard, but there is no harm in being lenient. */

  magic[0] = fgetc_ws(f);
  if (magic[0] == EOF) {
    return -3;
  } 
  magic[1] = fgetc(f);
  if (magic[0] == 'P' && magic[1] >= '1' && magic[1] <= '6') {
    return bm_readbody_pnm(f, threshold, bmp, magic[1]);
  }
  if (magic[0] == 'B' && magic[1] == 'M') {
    return bm_readbody_bmp(f, threshold, bmp);
  }
  return -4;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* read PNM format */

/* read PNM stream after magic number. Return values as for bm_read */
static int bm_readbody_pnm(FILE *f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t **bmp, int magic) {
  potrace_bitmap_t *bm;
  int x, y, i, b, b1, sum;
  int bpr; /* bytes per row (as opposed to 4*bm->c) */
  int w, h, max;

  bm = NULL;

  w = readnum(f);
  if (w<0) {
    goto format_error;
  }

  h = readnum(f);
  if (h<0) {
    goto format_error;
  }

  /* allocate bitmap */
  bm = bm_new(w, h);
  if (!bm) {
    return -1;
  }

  /* zero it out */
  bm_clear(bm, 0);

  switch (magic) {
  default: 
    /* not reached */
    goto format_error;  

  case '1':
    /* read P1 format: PBM ascii */
    
    for (y=h-1; y>=0; y--) {
      for (x=0; x<w; x++) {
        b = readbit(f);
        if (b<0) {
          goto eof;
        }
        BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, b);
      }
    }
    break;

  case '2':
    /* read P2 format: PGM ascii */
    
    max = readnum(f);
    if (max<1) {
      goto format_error;
    }
    
    for (y=h-1; y>=0; y--) {
      for (x=0; x<w; x++) {
        b = readnum(f);
        if (b<0) {
          goto eof;
        }
        BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, b > threshold * max ? 0 : 1);
      }
    }
    break;

  case '3':
    /* read P3 format: PPM ascii */
    
    max = readnum(f);
    if (max<1) {
      goto format_error;
    }
    
    for (y=h-1; y>=0; y--) {
      for (x=0; x<w; x++) {
        sum = 0;
        for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
          b = readnum(f);
          if (b<0) {
            goto eof;
          }
          sum += b;
        }
        BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, sum > 3 * threshold * max ? 0 : 1);
      }
    }
    break;

  case '4':
    /* read P4 format: PBM raw */

    b = fgetc(f);  /* read single white-space character after height */
    if (b==EOF) {
      goto format_error;
    }

    bpr = (w+7)/8;

    for (y=h-1; y>=0; y--) {
      for (i=0; i<bpr; i++) {
        b = fgetc(f);
        if (b==EOF) {
          goto eof;
        }
        *bm_index(bm, i*8, y) |= ((potrace_word)b) << (8*(BM_WORDSIZE-1-(i % BM_WORDSIZE)));
      }
    }
    break;

  case '5':
    /* read P5 format: PGM raw */

    max = readnum(f);
    if (max<1) {
      goto format_error;
    }

    b = fgetc(f);  /* read single white-space character after max */
    if (b==EOF) {
      goto format_error;
    }

    for (y=h-1; y>=0; y--) {
      for (x=0; x<w; x++) {
        b = fgetc(f);
        if (b==EOF)
          goto eof;
        if (max>=256) {
          b <<= 8;
          b1 = fgetc(f);
          if (b1==EOF)
            goto eof;
          b |= b1;
        }
        BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, b > threshold * max ? 0 : 1);
      }
    }
    break;

  case '6':
    /* read P6 format: PPM raw */

    max = readnum(f);
    if (max<1) {
      goto format_error;
    }

    b = fgetc(f);  /* read single white-space character after max */
    if (b==EOF) {
      goto format_error;
    }

    for (y=h-1; y>=0; y--) {
      for (x=0; x<w; x++) {
        sum = 0;
        for (i=0; i<3; i++) {
          b = fgetc(f);
          if (b==EOF) {
            goto eof;
          }
          if (max>=256) {
            b <<= 8;
            b1 = fgetc(f);
            if (b1==EOF)
              goto eof;
            b |= b1;
          }
          sum += b;
        }
        BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, sum > 3 * threshold * max ? 0 : 1);
      }
    }
    break;
  }

  *bmp = bm;
  return 0;

 eof:
  *bmp = bm;
  return 1;

 format_error:
  bm_free(bm);
  if (magic == '1' || magic == '4') {
    bm_read_error = "invalid pbm file";
  } else if (magic == '2' || magic == '5') {
    bm_read_error = "invalid pgm file";
  } else {
    bm_read_error = "invalid ppm file";
  }
  return -2;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* read BMP format */

struct bmp_info_s {
  unsigned int FileSize;
  unsigned int reserved;
  unsigned int DataOffset;
  unsigned int InfoSize;
  unsigned int w;              /* width */
  unsigned int h;              /* height */
  unsigned int Planes;
  unsigned int bits;           /* bits per sample */
  unsigned int comp;           /* compression mode */
  unsigned int ImageSize;
  unsigned int XpixelsPerM;
  unsigned int YpixelsPerM;
  unsigned int ncolors;        /* number of colors in palette */
  unsigned int ColorsImportant;
  unsigned int ctbits;         /* sample size for color table */
};
typedef struct bmp_info_s bmp_info_t;

/* auxiliary */

static int bmp_count = 0; /* counter for byte padding */
static int bmp_pos = 0;   /* counter from start of BMP data */

/* read n-byte little-endian integer. Return 1 on EOF or error, else
   0. Assume n<=4. */
static int bmp_readint(FILE *f, int n, unsigned int *p) {
  int i;
  unsigned int sum = 0;
  int b;

  for (i=0; i<n; i++) {
    b = fgetc(f);
    if (b==EOF) {
      return 1;
    }
    sum += b << (8*i);
  }
  bmp_count += n;
  bmp_pos += n;
  *p = sum;
  return 0;
}

/* reset padding boundary */
static void bmp_pad_reset(void) {
  bmp_count = 0;
}

/* read padding bytes to 4-byte boundary. Return 1 on EOF or error,
   else 0. */
static int bmp_pad(FILE *f) {
  int c, i, b;

  c = (-bmp_count) & 3;
  for (i=0; i<c; i++) {
    b = fgetc(f);
    if (b==EOF) {
      return 1;
    }
  }
  bmp_pos += c;
  bmp_count = 0;
  return 0;
}
  
/* forward to the new file position. Return 1 on EOF or error, else 0 */
static int bmp_forward(FILE *f, int pos) {
  int b;

  while (bmp_pos < pos) {
    b = fgetc(f);
    if (b==EOF) {
      return 1;
    }
    bmp_pos++;
    bmp_count++;
  }
  return 0;
}

#define TRY(x) if (x) goto try_error
#define TRY_EOF(x) if (x) goto eof

/* read BMP stream after magic number. Return values as for bm_read.
   We choose to be as permissive as possible, since there are many
   programs out there which produce BMP. For instance, ppmtobmp can
   produce codings with anywhere from 1-8 or 24 bits per sample,
   although most specifications only allow 1,4,8,24,32. We can also
   read both the old and new OS/2 BMP formats in addition to the
   Windows BMP format. */
static int bm_readbody_bmp(FILE *f, double threshold, potrace_bitmap_t **bmp) {
  bmp_info_t bmpinfo;
  int *coltable;
  unsigned int b, c;
  unsigned int i;
  potrace_bitmap_t *bm;
  int mask;
  unsigned int x, y;
  int col[2];
  unsigned int bitbuf;
  unsigned int n;
  int col1[2];

  bm_read_error = NULL;
  bm = NULL;
  coltable = NULL;

  bmp_pos = 2;  /* set file position */

  /* file header (minus magic number) */
  TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.FileSize));
  TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.reserved));
  TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.DataOffset));

  /* info header */
  TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.InfoSize));
  if (bmpinfo.InfoSize == 40 || bmpinfo.InfoSize == 64) {
    /* Windows or new OS/2 format */
    bmpinfo.ctbits = 32; /* sample size in color table */
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.w));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.h));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 2, &bmpinfo.Planes));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 2, &bmpinfo.bits));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.comp));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.ImageSize));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.XpixelsPerM));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.YpixelsPerM));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.ncolors));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 4, &bmpinfo.ColorsImportant));
  } else if (bmpinfo.InfoSize == 12) {
    /* old OS/2 format */
    bmpinfo.ctbits = 24; /* sample size in color table */
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 2, &bmpinfo.w));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 2, &bmpinfo.h));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 2, &bmpinfo.Planes));
    TRY(bmp_readint(f, 2, &bmpinfo.bits));
    bmpinfo.comp = 0;
    bmpinfo.ncolors = 0;
  } else {
    goto format_error;
  }

  /* forward to color table (i.e., if bmpinfo.InfoSize == 64) */
  TRY(bmp_forward(f, 14+bmpinfo.InfoSize));

  if (bmpinfo.Planes != 1) {
    bm_read_error = "cannot handle bmp planes";
    goto format_error;  /* can't handle planes */
  }
  
  if (bmpinfo.ncolors == 0) {
    bmpinfo.ncolors = 1 << bmpinfo.bits;
  }

  /* color table, present only if bmpinfo.bits <= 8. */
  if (bmpinfo.bits <= 8) {
    coltable = (int *) malloc(bmpinfo.ncolors * sizeof(int));
    if (!coltable) {
      goto std_error;
    }
    /* NOTE: since we are reading a bitmap, we can immediately convert
       the color table entries to bits. */
    for (i=0; i<bmpinfo.ncolors; i++) {
      TRY(bmp_readint(f, bmpinfo.ctbits/8, &c));
      c = ((c>>16) & 0xff) + ((c>>8) & 0xff) + (c & 0xff);
      coltable[i] = (c > 3 * threshold * 255 ? 0 : 1);
      if (i<2) {
        col1[i] = c;
      }
    }
  }

  /* forward to data */
  if (bmpinfo.InfoSize != 12) { /* not old OS/2 format */
    TRY(bmp_forward(f, bmpinfo.DataOffset));
  }

  /* allocate bitmap */
  bm = bm_new(bmpinfo.w, bmpinfo.h);
  if (!bm) {
    goto std_error;
  }
  
  /* zero it out */
  bm_clear(bm, 0);

  switch (bmpinfo.bits + 0x100*bmpinfo.comp) {
    
  default:
    goto format_error;
    break;
    
  case 0x001:  /* monochrome palette */
    if (col1[0] < col1[1]) { /* make the darker color black */
      mask = 0xff;
    } else {
      mask = 0;
    }
    
    /* raster data */
    for (y=0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++) {
      bmp_pad_reset();
      for (i=0; 8*i<bmpinfo.w; i++) {
        TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b));
        b ^= mask;
        *bm_index(bm, i*8, y) |= ((potrace_word)b) << (8*(BM_WORDSIZE-1-(i % BM_WORDSIZE)));
      }
      TRY(bmp_pad(f));
    }
    break;
   
  case 0x002:  /* 2-bit to 8-bit palettes */
  case 0x003: 
  case 0x004: 
  case 0x005: 
  case 0x006: 
  case 0x007: 
  case 0x008:
    for (y=0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++) {
      bmp_pad_reset();
      bitbuf = 0;  /* bit buffer: bits in buffer are high-aligned */
      n = 0;       /* number of bits currently in bitbuffer */
      for (x=0; x<bmpinfo.w; x++) {
        if (n < bmpinfo.bits) {
          TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b));
          bitbuf |= b << (INTBITS - 8 - n);
          n += 8;
        }
        b = bitbuf >> (INTBITS - bmpinfo.bits);
        bitbuf <<= bmpinfo.bits;
        n -= bmpinfo.bits;
        BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, coltable[b]);
      }
      TRY(bmp_pad(f));
    }
    break;

  case 0x010:  /* 16-bit encoding */
    /* can't do this format because it is not well-documented and I
       don't have any samples */
    bm_read_error = "cannot handle bmp 16-bit coding";
    goto format_error;
    break;

  case 0x018:  /* 24-bit encoding */
  case 0x020:  /* 32-bit encoding */
    for (y=0; y<bmpinfo.h; y++) {
      bmp_pad_reset();
      for (x=0; x<bmpinfo.w; x++) {
        TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, bmpinfo.bits/8, &c));
        c = ((c>>16) & 0xff) + ((c>>8) & 0xff) + (c & 0xff);
        BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, c > 3 * threshold * 255 ? 0 : 1);
      }
      TRY(bmp_pad(f));
    }
    break;

  case 0x204:  /* 4-bit runlength compressed encoding (RLE4) */
    x = 0;
    y = 0;
    while (1) {
      TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b)); /* opcode */
      TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &c)); /* argument */
      if (b>0) {
        /* repeat count */
        col[0] = coltable[(c>>4) & 0xf];
        col[1] = coltable[c & 0xf];
        for (i=0; i<b && x<bmpinfo.w; i++) {
          if (x>=bmpinfo.w) {
            x=0;
            y++;
          }
          if (y>=bmpinfo.h) {
            break;
          }
          BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, col[i&1]);
          x++;
        }
      } else if (c == 0) {
        /* end of line */
        y++;
        x = 0;
      } else if (c == 1) {
        /* end of bitmap */
        break;
      } else if (c == 2) {
        /* "delta": skip pixels in x and y directions */
        TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b)); /* x offset */
        TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &c)); /* y offset */
        x += b;
        y += c;
      } else {
        /* verbatim segment */
        for (i=0; i<c; i++) {
          if ((i&1)==0) {
            TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b));
          }
          if (x>=bmpinfo.w) {
            x=0;
            y++;
          }
          if (y>=bmpinfo.h) {
            break;
          }
          BM_PUT(bm, x, y, coltable[(b>>(4-4*(i&1))) & 0xf]);
          x++;
        }
        if ((c+1) & 2) {
          /* pad to 16-bit boundary */
          TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b));
        }
      }
    }
    break;

  case 0x108:  /* 8-bit runlength compressed encoding (RLE8) */
    x = 0;
    y = 0;
    while (1) {
      TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b)); /* opcode */
      TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &c)); /* argument */
      if (b>0) {
        /* repeat count */
        for (i=0; i<b; i++) {
          if (x>=bmpinfo.w) {
            x=0;
            y++;
          }
          if (y>=bmpinfo.h) {
            break;
          }
          BM_UPUT(bm, x, y, coltable[c]);
          x++;
        }
      } else if (c == 0) {
        /* end of line */
        y++;
        x = 0;
      } else if (c == 1) {
        /* end of bitmap */
        break;
      } else if (c == 2) {
        /* "delta": skip pixels in x and y directions */
        TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b)); /* x offset */
        TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &c)); /* y offset */
        x += b;
        y += c;
      } else {
        /* verbatim segment */
        for (i=0; i<c; i++) {
          TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b));
          if (x>=bmpinfo.w) {
            x=0;
            y++;
          }
          if (y>=bmpinfo.h) {
            break;
          }
          BM_PUT(bm, x, y, coltable[b]);
          x++;
        }
        if (c & 1) {
          /* pad input to 16-bit boundary */
          TRY_EOF(bmp_readint(f, 1, &b));
        }
      }
    }
    break;

  } /* switch */

  /* skip any potential junk after the data section, but don't
     complain in case EOF is encountered */
  bmp_forward(f, bmpinfo.FileSize);

  free(coltable);
  *bmp = bm;
  return 0;

 eof:
  free(coltable);
  *bmp = bm;
  return 1;

 format_error:
 try_error:
  free(coltable);
  free(bm);
  if (!bm_read_error) {
    bm_read_error = "invalid bmp file";
  }
  return -2;

 std_error:
  free(coltable);
  free(bm);
  return -1;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* output pbm format */

void bm_writepbm(FILE *f, potrace_bitmap_t *bm) {
  int w, h, bpr, y, i, c;

  w = bm->w;
  h = bm->h;

  bpr = (w+7)/8;

  fprintf(f, "P4\n%d %d\n", w, h);
  for (y=h-1; y>=0; y--) {
    for (i=0; i<bpr; i++) {
      c = (*bm_index(bm, i*8, y) >> (8*(BM_WORDSIZE-1-(i % BM_WORDSIZE)))) & 0xff;
      fputc(c, f);
    }
  }
  return;
}

/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
/* output - for primitive debugging purposes only! */

/* print bitmap to screen */
int bm_print(FILE *f, potrace_bitmap_t *bm) {
  int x, y;
  int xx, yy;
  int d;
  int sw, sh;

  sw = bm->w < 79 ? bm->w : 79;
  sh = bm->w < 79 ? bm->h : bm->h*sw*44/(79*bm->w);

  for (yy=sh-1; yy>=0; yy--) {
    for (xx=0; xx<sw; xx++) {
      d=0;
      for (x=xx*bm->w/sw; x<(xx+1)*bm->w/sw; x++) {
        for (y=yy*bm->h/sh; y<(yy+1)*bm->h/sh; y++) {
          if (BM_GET(bm, x, y)) {
            d++;
          }
        }
      }
      fputc(d ? '*' : ' ', f);
    }
    fputc('\n', f);
  }
  return 0;
}