ring_span.hpp

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//
// Copyright (c) 2015 Arthur O'Dwyer
// Copyright 2017-2019 by Martin Moene
//
// https://github.com/martinmoene/ring-span-lite
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0.
// (See accompanying file LICENSE.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
 
#pragma once
 
#ifndef NONSTD_RING_SPAN_LITE_HPP
#define NONSTD_RING_SPAN_LITE_HPP
 
#define ring_span_lite_MAJOR 0
#define ring_span_lite_MINOR 3
#define ring_span_lite_PATCH 0
 
#define ring_span_lite_VERSION                                                           \
  nsrs_STRINGIFY(ring_span_lite_MAJOR) "." nsrs_STRINGIFY(                               \
      ring_span_lite_MINOR) "." nsrs_STRINGIFY(ring_span_lite_PATCH)
 
#define nsrs_STRINGIFY(x) nsrs_STRINGIFY_(x)
#define nsrs_STRINGIFY_(x) #x
 
// ring-span-lite configuration:
 
#define nsrs_RING_SPAN_DEFAULT 0
#define nsrs_RING_SPAN_NONSTD 1
#define nsrs_RING_SPAN_STD 2
 
#if !defined(nsrs_CONFIG_SELECT_RING_SPAN)
#define nsrs_CONFIG_SELECT_RING_SPAN                                                     \
  (nsrs_HAVE_STD_RING_SPAN ? nsrs_RING_SPAN_STD : nsrs_RING_SPAN_NONSTD)
#endif
 
#ifndef nsrs_CONFIG_STRICT_P0059
#define nsrs_CONFIG_STRICT_P0059 0
#endif
 
#define nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION (!nsrs_CONFIG_STRICT_P0059)
 
#ifndef nsrs_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS
#define nsrs_CONFIG_CONFIRMS_COMPILATION_ERRORS 0
#endif
 
// C++ language version detection (C++20 is speculative):
// Note: VC14.0/1900 (VS2015) lacks too much from C++14.
 
#ifndef nsrs_CPLUSPLUS
#if defined(_MSVC_LANG) && !defined(__clang__)
#define nsrs_CPLUSPLUS (_MSC_VER == 1900 ? 201103L : _MSVC_LANG)
#else
#define nsrs_CPLUSPLUS __cplusplus
#endif
#endif
 
#define nsrs_CPP98_OR_GREATER (nsrs_CPLUSPLUS >= 199711L)
#define nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER (nsrs_CPLUSPLUS >= 201103L)
#define nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER_ (nsrs_CPLUSPLUS >= 201103L)
#define nsrs_CPP14_OR_GREATER (nsrs_CPLUSPLUS >= 201402L)
#define nsrs_CPP17_OR_GREATER (nsrs_CPLUSPLUS >= 201703L)
#define nsrs_CPP20_OR_GREATER (nsrs_CPLUSPLUS >= 202000L)
 
// Use C++XX std::ring_span if available and requested:
 
#define nsrs_HAVE_STD_RING_SPAN 0
 
// #if nsrs_CPP17_OR_GREATER && defined(__has_include )
// # if __has_include( <any> )
// #  define nsrs_HAVE_STD_RING_SPAN  1
// # else
// #  define nsrs_HAVE_STD_RING_SPAN  0
// # endif
// #else
// # define  nsrs_HAVE_STD_RING_SPAN  0
// #endif
 
#define nsrs_USES_STD_RING_SPAN                                                          \
  ((nsrs_CONFIG_SELECT_RING_SPAN == nsrs_RING_SPAN_STD) ||                               \
   ((nsrs_CONFIG_SELECT_RING_SPAN == nsrs_RING_SPAN_DEFAULT) &&                          \
    nsrs_HAVE_STD_RING_SPAN))
 
// Compiler versions:
//
// MSVC++  6.0  _MSC_VER == 1200  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  60  (Visual Studio 6.0)
// MSVC++  7.0  _MSC_VER == 1300  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  70  (Visual Studio .NET
// 2002) MSVC++  7.1  _MSC_VER == 1310  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  71  (Visual Studio
// .NET 2003) MSVC++  8.0  _MSC_VER == 1400  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  80  (Visual
// Studio 2005) MSVC++  9.0  _MSC_VER == 1500  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION ==  90  (Visual
// Studio 2008) MSVC++ 10.0  _MSC_VER == 1600  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 100  (Visual
// Studio 2010) MSVC++ 11.0  _MSC_VER == 1700  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 110  (Visual
// Studio 2012) MSVC++ 12.0  _MSC_VER == 1800  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 120  (Visual
// Studio 2013) MSVC++ 14.0  _MSC_VER == 1900  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 140  (Visual
// Studio 2015)
// ............ _MSVC_LANG: 201402 for -std:c++14, default
// MSVC++ 14.1  _MSC_VER >= 1910  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 141  (Visual Studio 2017)
// ............ _MSVC_LANG: 201402 for -std:c++14, default
// ............ _MSVC_LANG: 201703 for -std:c++17
// MSVC++ 14.2  _MSC_VER >= 1920  nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION == 142  (Visual Studio 2019)
 
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && !defined(__clang__)
#define nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER (_MSC_VER)
#define nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION (_MSC_VER / 10 - 10 * (5 + (_MSC_VER < 1900)))
#else
#define nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER 0
#define nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION 0
#endif
 
#define nsrs_COMPILER_VERSION(major, minor, patch)                                       \
  (10 * (10 * (major) + (minor)) + (patch))
 
#if defined(__clang__)
#define nsrs_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION                                                      \
  nsrs_COMPILER_VERSION(__clang_major__, __clang_minor__, __clang_patchlevel__)
#else
#define nsrs_COMPILER_CLANG_VERSION 0
#endif
 
#if defined(__GNUC__) && !defined(__clang__)
#define nsrs_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION                                                       \
  nsrs_COMPILER_VERSION(__GNUC__, __GNUC_MINOR__, __GNUC_PATCHLEVEL__)
#else
#define nsrs_COMPILER_GNUC_VERSION 0
#endif
 
// half-open range [lo..hi):
// #define nsrs_BETWEEN( v, lo, hi ) ( (lo) <= (v) && (v) < (hi) )
 
// Presence of language and library features:
 
#ifdef _HAS_CPP0X
#define nsrs_HAS_CPP0X _HAS_CPP0X
#else
#define nsrs_HAS_CPP0X 0
#endif
 
// Unless defined otherwise below, consider VC14 as C++11 for ring-span-lite:
 
#if nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1900
#undef nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
#define nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER 1
#endif
 
#define nsrs_CPP11_90 (nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER_ || nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1500)
#define nsrs_CPP11_100 (nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER_ || nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1600)
#define nsrs_CPP11_110 (nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER_ || nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1700)
#define nsrs_CPP11_120 (nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER_ || nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1800)
#define nsrs_CPP11_140 (nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER_ || nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VER >= 1900)
 
#define nsrs_CPP14_000 (nsrs_CPP14_OR_GREATER)
#define nsrs_CPP17_000 (nsrs_CPP17_OR_GREATER)
 
// Presence of C++11 language features:
 
// half-open range [lo..hi):
#define nsrs_BETWEEN(v, lo, hi) ((lo) <= (v) && (v) < (hi))
 
// Presence of C++11 language features:
 
#define nsrs_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_11 nsrs_CPP11_140
#define nsrs_HAVE_IS_DEFAULT nsrs_CPP11_140
#define nsrs_HAVE_IS_DELETE nsrs_CPP11_140
#define nsrs_HAVE_NOEXCEPT nsrs_CPP11_140
#define nsrs_HAVE_NULLPTR nsrs_CPP11_100
 
// Presence of C++14 language features:
 
#define nsrs_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_14 nsrs_CPP14_000
 
// Presence of C++17 language features:
// no tag
 
// Presence of C++ library features:
// no tag
 
// Compiler warning suppression:
 
#if defined(__clang__)
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wundef"
#define nsrs_RESTORE_WARNINGS() _Pragma("clang diagnostic pop")
 
#elif defined __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wundef"
#define nsrs_RESTORE_WARNINGS() _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
 
#elif nsrs_COMPILER_MSVC_VERSION >= 140
#define nsrs_DISABLE_MSVC_WARNINGS(codes)                                                \
  __pragma(warning(push)) __pragma(warning(disable : codes))
#define nsrs_RESTORE_WARNINGS() __pragma(warning(pop))
 
// Suppress the following MSVC warnings:
// - C4345: initialization behavior changed
//
// Suppress the following MSVC GSL warnings:
// - C26439, gsl::f.6 : special function 'function' can be declared 'noexcept'
// - C26440, gsl::f.6 : function 'function' can be declared 'noexcept'
// - C26472, gsl::t.1 : don't use a static_cast for arithmetic conversions;
//                      use brace initialization, gsl::narrow_cast or gsl::narrow
// - C26473: gsl::t.1 : don't cast between pointer types where the source type and the
// target type are the same
// - C26481: gsl::b.1 : don't use pointer arithmetic. Use span instead
// - C26490: gsl::t.1 : don't use reinterpret_cast
 
nsrs_DISABLE_MSVC_WARNINGS(4345 26439 26440 26472 26473 26481 26490)
 
#else
#define nsrs_RESTORE_WARNINGS() /*empty*/
#endif
 
// C++ feature usage:
 
#if nsrs_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_11
#define nsrs_constexpr constexpr
#else
#define nsrs_constexpr /*constexpr*/
#endif
 
#if nsrs_HAVE_CONSTEXPR_14
#define nsrs_constexpr14 constexpr
#else
#define nsrs_constexpr14 /*constexpr*/
#endif
 
#if nsrs_HAVE_NOEXCEPT
#define nsrs_noexcept noexcept
#define nsrs_noexcept_op noexcept
#else
#define nsrs_noexcept          /*noexcept*/
#define nsrs_noexcept_op(expr) /*noexcept(expr)*/
#endif
 
#if nsrs_HAVE_NULLPTR
#define nsrs_nullptr nullptr
#else
#define nsrs_nullptr NULL
#endif
 
// Method enabling
 
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
 
#define nsrs_REQUIRES_0(...)                                                             \
  template <bool B = (__VA_ARGS__), typename std::enable_if<B, int>::type = 0>
 
#define nsrs_REQUIRES_T(...) , typename std::enable_if<(__VA_ARGS__), int>::type = 0
 
#endif
 
// includes:
 
#include <cassert>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>
 
// additional includes:
 
#if !nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
#include <algorithm>  // std::swap() until C++11
#endif
 
namespace nonstd
{
namespace ring_span_lite
{
 
// type traits C++11:
 
namespace std11
{
 
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
using std::move;
#else
template <typename T>
T const& move(T const& t)
{
  return t;
}
#endif
 
template <bool B, class T, class F>
struct conditional
{
  typedef T type;
};
 
template <class T, class F>
struct conditional<false, T, F>
{
  typedef F type;
};
 
}  // namespace std11
 
// type traits C++17:
 
namespace std17
{
 
#if nsrs_CPP17_OR_GREATER
 
using std::is_nothrow_swappable;
using std::is_swappable;
 
#elif nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
 
namespace detail
{
 
using std::swap;
 
struct is_swappable
{
  template <typename T, typename = decltype(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<T&>()))>
  static std::true_type test(int);
 
  template <typename>
  static std::false_type test(...);
};
 
struct is_nothrow_swappable
{
  // wrap noexcept(epr) in separate function as work-around for VC140 (VS2015):
 
  template <typename T>
  static constexpr bool test()
  {
    return noexcept(swap(std::declval<T&>(), std::declval<T&>()));
  }
 
  template <typename T>
  static auto test(int) -> std::integral_constant<bool, test<T>()>
  {
  }
 
  template <typename>
  static std::false_type test(...);
};
 
}  // namespace detail
 
// is [nothow] swappable:
 
template <typename T>
struct is_swappable : decltype(detail::is_swappable::test<T>(0))
{
};
 
template <typename T>
struct is_nothrow_swappable : decltype(detail::is_nothrow_swappable::test<T>(0))
{
};
 
#endif  // nsrs_CPP17_OR_GREATER
 
}  // namespace std17
 
//
// element extraction policies:
//
 
template <class T>
struct null_popper
{
  typedef void return_type;
 
  void operator()(T&) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
  }
};
 
template <class T>
struct default_popper
{
  typedef T return_type;
 
  T operator()(T& t) const
  {
    return std11::move(t);
  }
};
 
template <class T>
struct copy_popper
{
  typedef T return_type;
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
  copy_popper(T t) : m_copy(std::move(t))
  {
  }
#else
  copy_popper(T const& t) : m_copy(t)
  {
  }
#endif
#else
  copy_popper(T&& t) : copy(std::move(t))
  {
  }
#endif
 
  T operator()(T& t) const
  {
    using std::swap;
    T result(m_copy);
    swap(t, result);
    return result;
  }
 
  T m_copy;
};
 
// forward-declare iterator:
 
namespace detail
{
 
template <class, bool>
class ring_iterator;
 
}
 
//
// ring span:
//
template <class T, class Popper = default_popper<T> >
class ring_span
{
public:
  typedef T value_type;
  typedef T* pointer;
  typedef T& reference;
  typedef T const& const_reference;
 
  typedef std::size_t size_type;
 
  typedef ring_span<T, Popper> type;
 
  typedef detail::ring_iterator<type, false> iterator;
  typedef detail::ring_iterator<type, true> const_iterator;
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
  typedef std::reverse_iterator<iterator> reverse_iterator;
  typedef std::reverse_iterator<const_iterator> const_reverse_iterator;
#endif
 
  // construction:
 
  template <class ContiguousIterator>
  ring_span(ContiguousIterator begin, ContiguousIterator end,
            Popper popper = Popper()) nsrs_noexcept
    : m_data(&*begin),
      m_size(0),
      m_capacity(static_cast<size_type>(end - begin)),
      m_front_idx(0),
      m_popper(std11::move(popper))
  {
  }
 
  template <class ContiguousIterator>
  ring_span(ContiguousIterator begin, ContiguousIterator end, ContiguousIterator first,
            size_type size, Popper popper = Popper()) nsrs_noexcept
    : m_data(&*begin),
      m_size(size),
      m_capacity(static_cast<size_type>(end - begin)),
      m_front_idx(static_cast<size_type>(first - begin)),
      m_popper(std11::move(popper))
  {
    assert(m_size <= m_capacity);
  }
 
#if nsrs_HAVE_IS_DEFAULT
  ring_span(ring_span&&) = default;
  ring_span& operator=(ring_span&&) = default;
#else
private:
  ring_span(ring_span const&);
  ring_span& operator=(ring_span const&);
 
public:
#endif
 
  // observers:
 
  bool empty() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return m_size == 0;
  }
 
  bool full() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return m_size == m_capacity;
  }
 
  size_type size() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return m_size;
  }
 
  size_type capacity() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return m_capacity;
  }
 
  // element access:
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
  reference operator[](size_type idx) nsrs_noexcept
  {
    assert(idx < m_size);
    return at_(idx);
  }
 
  const_reference operator[](size_type idx) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    assert(idx < m_size);
    return at_(idx);
  }
#endif
 
  reference front() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *begin();
  }
 
  const_reference front() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *begin();
  }
 
  reference back() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *(--end());
  }
 
  const_reference back() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *(--end());
  }
 
  // iteration:
 
  iterator begin() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return iterator(0, this);
  }
 
  const_iterator begin() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return cbegin();
  }
 
  const_iterator cbegin() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return const_iterator(0, this);
  }
 
  iterator end() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return iterator(size(), this);
  }
 
  const_iterator end() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return cend();
  }
 
  const_iterator cend() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return const_iterator(size(), this);
  }
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
 
  reverse_iterator rbegin() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return reverse_iterator(end());
  }
 
  reverse_iterator rend() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return reverse_iterator(begin());
  }
 
  const_reverse_iterator rbegin() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return crbegin();
  }
 
  const_reverse_iterator rend() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return crend();
  }
 
  const_reverse_iterator crbegin() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return const_reverse_iterator(cend());
  }
 
  const_reverse_iterator crend() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return const_reverse_iterator(cbegin());
  }
#endif
 
  // element insertion, extraction:
 
  typename Popper::return_type pop_front()
  {
    assert(!empty());
 
    reference element = front_();
    increment_front_();
 
    return m_popper(element);
  }
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
  typename Popper::return_type pop_back()
  {
    assert(!empty());
 
    reference element = back_();
    decrement_back_();
 
    return m_popper(element);
  }
#endif
 
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
  nsrs_REQUIRES_0(std::is_copy_assignable<T>::value) void push_back(
      value_type const& value) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<T>::value)
#else
  void push_back(value_type const& value)
#endif
  {
    if (full())
      increment_front_and_back_();
    else
      increment_back_();
 
    back_() = value;
  }
 
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
  nsrs_REQUIRES_0(std::is_move_assignable<T>::value) void push_back(
      value_type&& value) noexcept(std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value)
  {
    if (full())
      increment_front_and_back_();
    else
      increment_back_();
 
    back_() = std::move(value);
  }
 
  template <typename... Args nsrs_REQUIRES_T(
      std::is_constructible<T, Args&&...>::value&& std::is_move_assignable<T>::value)>
  void emplace_back(Args&&... args) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, Args...>::value &&
      std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value)
  {
    if (full())
      increment_front_and_back_();
    else
      increment_back_();
 
    back_() = T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
  }
#endif
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
 
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
  nsrs_REQUIRES_0(std::is_copy_assignable<T>::value) void push_front(
      T const& value) noexcept((std::is_nothrow_copy_assignable<T>::value))
#else
  void push_front(T const& value)
#endif
  {
    if (full())
      decrement_front_and_back_();
    else
      decrement_front_();
 
    front_() = value;
  }
 
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
  nsrs_REQUIRES_0(std::is_move_assignable<T>::value) void push_front(T&& value) noexcept(
      (std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value))
  {
    if (full())
      decrement_front_and_back_();
    else
      decrement_front_();
 
    front_() = std::move(value);
  }
 
  template <typename... Args nsrs_REQUIRES_T(
      std::is_constructible<T, Args&&...>::value&& std::is_move_assignable<T>::value)>
  void emplace_front(Args&&... args) noexcept(
      std::is_nothrow_constructible<T, Args...>::value &&
      std::is_nothrow_move_assignable<T>::value)
  {
    if (full())
      decrement_front_and_back_();
    else
      decrement_front_();
 
    front_() = T(std::forward<Args>(args)...);
  }
#endif
#endif  // nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
 
  // swap:
 
  void swap(type& rhs)
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
      noexcept(std17::is_nothrow_swappable<Popper>::value)
#endif
  {
    using std::swap;
    swap(m_data, rhs.m_data);
    swap(m_size, rhs.m_size);
    swap(m_capacity, rhs.m_capacity);
    swap(m_front_idx, rhs.m_front_idx);
    swap(m_popper, rhs.m_popper);
  }
 
private:
  friend class detail::ring_iterator<ring_span, true>;   // const_iterator;
  friend class detail::ring_iterator<ring_span, false>;  // iterator;
 
  size_type normalize_(size_type const idx) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return idx % m_capacity;
  }
 
  reference at_(size_type idx) nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return m_data[normalize_(m_front_idx + idx)];
  }
 
  const_reference at_(size_type idx) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return m_data[normalize_(m_front_idx + idx)];
  }
 
  reference front_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *(m_data + m_front_idx);
  }
 
  const_reference front_() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *(m_data + m_front_idx);
  }
 
  reference back_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *(m_data + normalize_(m_front_idx + m_size - 1));
  }
 
  const_reference back_() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return *(m_data + normalize_(m_front_idx + m_size - 1));
  }
 
  void increment_front_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    m_front_idx = normalize_(m_front_idx + 1);
    --m_size;
  }
 
  void decrement_front_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    m_front_idx = normalize_(m_front_idx + m_capacity - 1);
    ++m_size;
  }
 
  void increment_back_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    ++m_size;
  }
 
  void decrement_back_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    --m_size;
  }
 
  void increment_front_and_back_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    m_front_idx = normalize_(m_front_idx + 1);
  }
 
  void decrement_front_and_back_() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    m_front_idx = normalize_(m_front_idx + m_capacity - 1);
  }
 
private:
  pointer m_data;
  size_type m_size;
  size_type m_capacity;
  size_type m_front_idx;
  Popper m_popper;
};
 
// swap:
 
template <class T, class Popper>
inline void swap(ring_span<T, Popper>& lhs, ring_span<T, Popper>& rhs)
    nsrs_noexcept_op(nsrs_noexcept_op(lhs.swap(rhs)))
{
  lhs.swap(rhs);
}
 
namespace detail
{
 
//
// ring iterator:
//
#if 0
template< class RS, bool is_const >
class ring_iterator : public std::iterator
<
    std::random_access_iterator_tag
    , typename std11::conditional<is_const, const typename RS::value_type, typename RS::value_type>::type
>
#endif
 
template <class RS, bool is_const>
class ring_iterator
{
public:
  typedef ring_iterator<RS, is_const> type;
 
  typedef std::ptrdiff_t difference_type;
  typedef typename RS::value_type value_type;
 
  typedef
      typename std11::conditional<is_const, const value_type, value_type>::type* pointer;
  typedef typename std11::conditional<is_const, const value_type, value_type>::type&
      reference;
  typedef std::random_access_iterator_tag iterator_category;
 
#if nsrs_CPP11_OR_GREATER
  ring_iterator() = default;
#else
  ring_iterator() : m_idx(), m_rs()
  {
  }
#endif
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
  // conversion to const iterator:
 
  operator ring_iterator<RS, true>() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return ring_iterator<RS, true>(m_idx, m_rs);
  }
#endif
 
  // access content:
 
  reference operator*() const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return m_rs->at_(m_idx);
  }
 
  // advance iterator:
 
  type& operator++() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    ++m_idx;
    return *this;
  }
 
  type operator++(int) nsrs_noexcept
  {
    type r(*this);
    ++*this;
    return r;
  }
 
  type& operator--() nsrs_noexcept
  {
    --m_idx;
    return *this;
  }
 
  type operator--(int) nsrs_noexcept
  {
    type r(*this);
    --*this;
    return r;
  }
 
#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wsign-conversion"
#endif
 
  type& operator+=(int i) nsrs_noexcept
  {
    m_idx += i;
    return *this;
  }
 
  type& operator-=(int i) nsrs_noexcept
  {
    m_idx -= i;
    return *this;
  }
 
#if defined(__clang__) || defined(__GNUC__)
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
 
#if nsrs_RING_SPAN_LITE_EXTENSION
 
  template <bool C>
  difference_type operator-(ring_iterator<RS, C> const& rhs) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return static_cast<difference_type>(this->m_idx) -
           static_cast<difference_type>(rhs.m_idx);
  }
#endif
 
  // comparison:
 
  template <bool C>
  bool operator<(ring_iterator<RS, C> const& rhs) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    assert(this->m_rs == rhs.m_rs);
    return (this->m_idx < rhs.m_idx);
  }
 
  template <bool C>
  bool operator==(ring_iterator<RS, C> const& rhs) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    assert(this->m_rs == rhs.m_rs);
    return (this->m_idx == rhs.m_idx);
  }
 
  // other comparisons expressed in <, ==:
 
  template <bool C>
  inline bool operator!=(ring_iterator<RS, C> const& rhs) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return !(*this == rhs);
  }
 
  template <bool C>
  inline bool operator<=(ring_iterator<RS, C> const& rhs) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return !(rhs < *this);
  }
 
  template <bool C>
  inline bool operator>(ring_iterator<RS, C> const& rhs) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return rhs < *this;
  }
 
  template <bool C>
  inline bool operator>=(ring_iterator<RS, C> const& rhs) const nsrs_noexcept
  {
    return !(*this < rhs);
  }
 
private:
  friend RS;  // clang: non-class friend type 'RS' is a C++11 extension
              // [-Wc++11-extensions]
  friend class ring_iterator<RS, !is_const>;
 
  typedef typename RS::size_type size_type;
  typedef typename std11::conditional<is_const, const RS, RS>::type ring_type;
 
  ring_iterator(size_type idx,
                typename std11::conditional<is_const, const RS, RS>::type* rs)
      nsrs_noexcept : m_idx(idx),
                      m_rs(rs)
  {
  }
 
private:
  size_type m_idx;
  ring_type* m_rs;
};
 
// advanced iterator:
 
template <class RS, bool C>
inline ring_iterator<RS, C> operator+(ring_iterator<RS, C> it, int i) nsrs_noexcept
{
  it += i;
  return it;
}
 
template <class RS, bool C>
inline ring_iterator<RS, C> operator-(ring_iterator<RS, C> it, int i) nsrs_noexcept
{
  it -= i;
  return it;
}
 
}  // namespace detail
}  // namespace ring_span_lite
 
using ring_span_lite::copy_popper;
using ring_span_lite::default_popper;
using ring_span_lite::null_popper;
using ring_span_lite::ring_span;
 
}  // namespace nonstd
 
nsrs_RESTORE_WARNINGS()
 
#endif  // NONSTD_RING_SPAN_LITE_HPP