unix.cc

Go to the documentation of this file.

/* Copyright 2012 William Woodall and John Harrison
 *
 * Additional Contributors: Christopher Baker @bakercp
 */
 
#if !defined(_WIN32)
 
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sstream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/signal.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <paths.h>
#include <sysexits.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <sys/param.h>
#include <pthread.h>
 
#if defined(__linux__)
# include <linux/serial.h>
#endif
 
#include <sys/select.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <time.h>
#ifdef __MACH__
#include <AvailabilityMacros.h>
#include <mach/clock.h>
#include <mach/mach.h>
#endif
 
#include "serial/impl/unix.h"
 
#ifndef TIOCINQ
#ifdef FIONREAD
#define TIOCINQ FIONREAD
#else
#define TIOCINQ 0x541B
#endif
#endif
 
#if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_3) && (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_3)
#include <IOKit/serial/ioss.h>
#endif
 
using std::string;
using std::stringstream;
using std::invalid_argument;
using serial::MillisecondTimer;
using serial::Serial;
using serial::SerialException;
using serial::PortNotOpenedException;
using serial::IOException;
 
 
MillisecondTimer::MillisecondTimer (const uint32_t millis)
  : expiry(timespec_now())
{
  int64_t tv_nsec = expiry.tv_nsec + (millis * 1e6);
  if (tv_nsec >= 1e9) {
    int64_t sec_diff = tv_nsec / static_cast<int> (1e9);
    expiry.tv_nsec = tv_nsec % static_cast<int>(1e9);
    expiry.tv_sec += sec_diff;
  } else {
    expiry.tv_nsec = tv_nsec;
  }
}
 
int64_t
MillisecondTimer::remaining ()
{
  timespec now(timespec_now());
  int64_t millis = (expiry.tv_sec - now.tv_sec) * 1e3;
  millis += (expiry.tv_nsec - now.tv_nsec) / 1e6;
  return millis;
}
 
timespec
MillisecondTimer::timespec_now ()
{
  timespec time;
# ifdef __MACH__ // OS X does not have clock_gettime, use clock_get_time
  clock_serv_t cclock;
  mach_timespec_t mts;
  host_get_clock_service(mach_host_self(), SYSTEM_CLOCK, &cclock);
  clock_get_time(cclock, &mts);
  mach_port_deallocate(mach_task_self(), cclock);
  time.tv_sec = mts.tv_sec;
  time.tv_nsec = mts.tv_nsec;
# else
  clock_gettime(CLOCK_MONOTONIC, &time);
# endif
  return time;
}
 
timespec
timespec_from_ms (const uint32_t millis)
{
  timespec time;
  time.tv_sec = millis / 1e3;
  time.tv_nsec = (millis - (time.tv_sec * 1e3)) * 1e6;
  return time;
}
 
Serial::SerialImpl::SerialImpl (const string &port, unsigned long baudrate,
                                bytesize_t bytesize,
                                parity_t parity, stopbits_t stopbits,
                                flowcontrol_t flowcontrol)
  : port_ (port), fd_ (-1), is_open_ (false), xonxoff_ (false), rtscts_ (false),
    baudrate_ (baudrate), parity_ (parity),
    bytesize_ (bytesize), stopbits_ (stopbits), flowcontrol_ (flowcontrol)
{
  pthread_mutex_init(&this->read_mutex, NULL);
  pthread_mutex_init(&this->write_mutex, NULL);
  if (port_.empty () == false)
    open ();
}
 
Serial::SerialImpl::~SerialImpl ()
{
  close();
  pthread_mutex_destroy(&this->read_mutex);
  pthread_mutex_destroy(&this->write_mutex);
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::open ()
{
  if (port_.empty ()) {
    throw invalid_argument ("Empty port is invalid.");
  }
  if (is_open_ == true) {
    throw SerialException ("Serial port already open.");
  }
 
  fd_ = ::open (port_.c_str(), O_RDWR | O_NOCTTY | O_NONBLOCK);
 
  if (fd_ == -1) {
    switch (errno) {
    case EINTR:
      // Recurse because this is a recoverable error.
      open ();
      return;
    case ENFILE:
    case EMFILE:
      THROW (IOException, "Too many file handles open.");
    default:
      THROW (IOException, errno);
    }
  }
 
  reconfigurePort();
  is_open_ = true;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::reconfigurePort ()
{
  if (fd_ == -1) {
    // Can only operate on a valid file descriptor
    THROW (IOException, "Invalid file descriptor, is the serial port open?");
  }
 
  struct termios options; // The options for the file descriptor
 
  if (tcgetattr(fd_, &options) == -1) {
    THROW (IOException, "::tcgetattr");
  }
 
  // set up raw mode / no echo / binary
  options.c_cflag |= (tcflag_t)  (CLOCAL | CREAD);
  options.c_lflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(ICANON | ECHO | ECHOE | ECHOK | ECHONL |
                                       ISIG | IEXTEN); //|ECHOPRT
 
  options.c_oflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(OPOST);
  options.c_iflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(INLCR | IGNCR | ICRNL | IGNBRK);
#ifdef IUCLC
  options.c_iflag &= (tcflag_t) ~IUCLC;
#endif
#ifdef PARMRK
  options.c_iflag &= (tcflag_t) ~PARMRK;
#endif
 
  // setup baud rate
  bool custom_baud = false;
  speed_t baud;
  switch (baudrate_) {
#ifdef B0
  case 0: baud = B0; break;
#endif
#ifdef B50
  case 50: baud = B50; break;
#endif
#ifdef B75
  case 75: baud = B75; break;
#endif
#ifdef B110
  case 110: baud = B110; break;
#endif
#ifdef B134
  case 134: baud = B134; break;
#endif
#ifdef B150
  case 150: baud = B150; break;
#endif
#ifdef B200
  case 200: baud = B200; break;
#endif
#ifdef B300
  case 300: baud = B300; break;
#endif
#ifdef B600
  case 600: baud = B600; break;
#endif
#ifdef B1200
  case 1200: baud = B1200; break;
#endif
#ifdef B1800
  case 1800: baud = B1800; break;
#endif
#ifdef B2400
  case 2400: baud = B2400; break;
#endif
#ifdef B4800
  case 4800: baud = B4800; break;
#endif
#ifdef B7200
  case 7200: baud = B7200; break;
#endif
#ifdef B9600
  case 9600: baud = B9600; break;
#endif
#ifdef B14400
  case 14400: baud = B14400; break;
#endif
#ifdef B19200
  case 19200: baud = B19200; break;
#endif
#ifdef B28800
  case 28800: baud = B28800; break;
#endif
#ifdef B57600
  case 57600: baud = B57600; break;
#endif
#ifdef B76800
  case 76800: baud = B76800; break;
#endif
#ifdef B38400
  case 38400: baud = B38400; break;
#endif
#ifdef B115200
  case 115200: baud = B115200; break;
#endif
#ifdef B128000
  case 128000: baud = B128000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B153600
  case 153600: baud = B153600; break;
#endif
#ifdef B230400
  case 230400: baud = B230400; break;
#endif
#ifdef B256000
  case 256000: baud = B256000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B460800
  case 460800: baud = B460800; break;
#endif
#ifdef B500000
  case 500000: baud = B500000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B576000
  case 576000: baud = B576000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B921600
  case 921600: baud = B921600; break;
#endif
#ifdef B1000000
  case 1000000: baud = B1000000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B1152000
  case 1152000: baud = B1152000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B1500000
  case 1500000: baud = B1500000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B2000000
  case 2000000: baud = B2000000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B2500000
  case 2500000: baud = B2500000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B3000000
  case 3000000: baud = B3000000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B3500000
  case 3500000: baud = B3500000; break;
#endif
#ifdef B4000000
  case 4000000: baud = B4000000; break;
#endif
  default:
    custom_baud = true;
  }
  if (custom_baud == false) {
#ifdef _BSD_SOURCE
    ::cfsetspeed(&options, baud);
#else
    ::cfsetispeed(&options, baud);
    ::cfsetospeed(&options, baud);
#endif
  }
 
  // setup char len
  options.c_cflag &= (tcflag_t) ~CSIZE;
  if (bytesize_ == eightbits)
    options.c_cflag |= CS8;
  else if (bytesize_ == sevenbits)
    options.c_cflag |= CS7;
  else if (bytesize_ == sixbits)
    options.c_cflag |= CS6;
  else if (bytesize_ == fivebits)
    options.c_cflag |= CS5;
  else
    throw invalid_argument ("invalid char len");
  // setup stopbits
  if (stopbits_ == stopbits_one)
    options.c_cflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(CSTOPB);
  else if (stopbits_ == stopbits_one_point_five)
    // ONE POINT FIVE same as TWO.. there is no POSIX support for 1.5
    options.c_cflag |=  (CSTOPB);
  else if (stopbits_ == stopbits_two)
    options.c_cflag |=  (CSTOPB);
  else
    throw invalid_argument ("invalid stop bit");
  // setup parity
  options.c_iflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(INPCK | ISTRIP);
  if (parity_ == parity_none) {
    options.c_cflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(PARENB | PARODD);
  } else if (parity_ == parity_even) {
    options.c_cflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(PARODD);
    options.c_cflag |=  (PARENB);
  } else if (parity_ == parity_odd) {
    options.c_cflag |=  (PARENB | PARODD);
  }
#ifdef CMSPAR
  else if (parity_ == parity_mark) {
    options.c_cflag |=  (PARENB | CMSPAR | PARODD);
  }
  else if (parity_ == parity_space) {
    options.c_cflag |=  (PARENB | CMSPAR);
    options.c_cflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(PARODD);
  }
#else
  // CMSPAR is not defined on OSX. So do not support mark or space parity.
  else if (parity_ == parity_mark || parity_ == parity_space) {
    throw invalid_argument ("OS does not support mark or space parity");
  }
#endif  // ifdef CMSPAR
  else {
    throw invalid_argument ("invalid parity");
  }
  // setup flow control
  if (flowcontrol_ == flowcontrol_none) {
    xonxoff_ = false;
    rtscts_ = false;
  }
  if (flowcontrol_ == flowcontrol_software) {
    xonxoff_ = true;
    rtscts_ = false;
  }
  if (flowcontrol_ == flowcontrol_hardware) {
    xonxoff_ = false;
    rtscts_ = true;
  }
  // xonxoff
#ifdef IXANY
  if (xonxoff_)
    options.c_iflag |=  (IXON | IXOFF); //|IXANY)
  else
    options.c_iflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(IXON | IXOFF | IXANY);
#else
  if (xonxoff_)
    options.c_iflag |=  (IXON | IXOFF);
  else
    options.c_iflag &= (tcflag_t) ~(IXON | IXOFF);
#endif
  // rtscts
#ifdef CRTSCTS
  if (rtscts_)
    options.c_cflag |=  (CRTSCTS);
  else
    options.c_cflag &= (unsigned long) ~(CRTSCTS);
#elif defined CNEW_RTSCTS
  if (rtscts_)
    options.c_cflag |=  (CNEW_RTSCTS);
  else
    options.c_cflag &= (unsigned long) ~(CNEW_RTSCTS);
#else
#error "OS Support seems wrong."
#endif
 
  // http://www.unixwiz.net/techtips/termios-vmin-vtime.html
  // this basically sets the read call up to be a polling read,
  // but we are using select to ensure there is data available
  // to read before each call, so we should never needlessly poll
  options.c_cc[VMIN] = 0;
  options.c_cc[VTIME] = 0;
 
  // activate settings
  ::tcsetattr (fd_, TCSANOW, &options);
 
  // apply custom baud rate, if any
  if (custom_baud == true) {
    // OS X support
#if defined(MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_4) && (MAC_OS_X_VERSION_MIN_REQUIRED >= MAC_OS_X_VERSION_10_4)
    // Starting with Tiger, the IOSSIOSPEED ioctl can be used to set arbitrary baud rates
    // other than those specified by POSIX. The driver for the underlying serial hardware
    // ultimately determines which baud rates can be used. This ioctl sets both the input
    // and output speed.
    speed_t new_baud = static_cast<speed_t> (baudrate_);
    // PySerial uses IOSSIOSPEED=0x80045402
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, IOSSIOSPEED, &new_baud, 1)) {
      THROW (IOException, errno);
    }
    // Linux Support
#elif defined(__linux__) && defined (TIOCSSERIAL)
    struct serial_struct ser;
 
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCGSERIAL, &ser)) {
      THROW (IOException, errno);
    }
 
    // set custom divisor
    ser.custom_divisor = ser.baud_base / static_cast<int> (baudrate_);
    // update flags
    ser.flags &= ~ASYNC_SPD_MASK;
    ser.flags |= ASYNC_SPD_CUST;
 
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCSSERIAL, &ser)) {
      THROW (IOException, errno);
    }
#else
    throw invalid_argument ("OS does not currently support custom bauds");
#endif
  }
 
  // Update byte_time_ based on the new settings.
  uint32_t bit_time_ns = 1e9 / baudrate_;
  byte_time_ns_ = bit_time_ns * (1 + bytesize_ + parity_ + stopbits_);
 
  // Compensate for the stopbits_one_point_five enum being equal to int 3,
  // and not 1.5.
  if (stopbits_ == stopbits_one_point_five) {
    byte_time_ns_ += ((1.5 - stopbits_one_point_five) * bit_time_ns);
  }
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::close ()
{
  if (is_open_ == true) {
    if (fd_ != -1) {
      int ret;
      ret = ::close (fd_);
      if (ret == 0) {
        fd_ = -1;
      } else {
        THROW (IOException, errno);
      }
    }
    is_open_ = false;
  }
}
 
bool
Serial::SerialImpl::isOpen () const
{
  return is_open_;
}
 
size_t
Serial::SerialImpl::available ()
{
  if (!is_open_) {
    return 0;
  }
  int count = 0;
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCINQ, &count)) {
      THROW (IOException, errno);
  } else {
      return static_cast<size_t> (count);
  }
}
 
bool
Serial::SerialImpl::waitReadable (uint32_t timeout)
{
  // Setup a select call to block for serial data or a timeout
  fd_set readfds;
  FD_ZERO (&readfds);
  FD_SET (fd_, &readfds);
  timespec timeout_ts (timespec_from_ms (timeout));
  int r = pselect (fd_ + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &timeout_ts, NULL);
 
  if (r < 0) {
    // Select was interrupted
    if (errno == EINTR) {
      return false;
    }
    // Otherwise there was some error
    THROW (IOException, errno);
  }
  // Timeout occurred
  if (r == 0) {
    return false;
  }
  // This shouldn't happen, if r > 0 our fd has to be in the list!
  if (!FD_ISSET (fd_, &readfds)) {
    THROW (IOException, "select reports ready to read, but our fd isn't"
           " in the list, this shouldn't happen!");
  }
  // Data available to read.
  return true;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::waitByteTimes (size_t count)
{
  timespec wait_time = { 0, static_cast<long>(byte_time_ns_ * count)};
  pselect (0, NULL, NULL, NULL, &wait_time, NULL);
}
 
size_t
Serial::SerialImpl::read (uint8_t *buf, size_t size)
{
  // If the port is not open, throw
  if (!is_open_) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::read");
  }
  size_t bytes_read = 0;
 
  // Calculate total timeout in milliseconds t_c + (t_m * N)
  long total_timeout_ms = timeout_.read_timeout_constant;
  total_timeout_ms += timeout_.read_timeout_multiplier * static_cast<long> (size);
  MillisecondTimer total_timeout(total_timeout_ms);
 
  // Pre-fill buffer with available bytes
  {
    ssize_t bytes_read_now = ::read (fd_, buf, size);
    if (bytes_read_now > 0) {
      bytes_read = bytes_read_now;
    }
  }
 
  while (bytes_read < size) {
    int64_t timeout_remaining_ms = total_timeout.remaining();
    if (timeout_remaining_ms <= 0) {
      // Timed out
      break;
    }
    // Timeout for the next select is whichever is less of the remaining
    // total read timeout and the inter-byte timeout.
    uint32_t timeout = std::min(static_cast<uint32_t> (timeout_remaining_ms),
                                timeout_.inter_byte_timeout);
    // Wait for the device to be readable, and then attempt to read.
    if (waitReadable(timeout)) {
      // If it's a fixed-length multi-byte read, insert a wait here so that
      // we can attempt to grab the whole thing in a single IO call. Skip
      // this wait if a non-max inter_byte_timeout is specified.
      if (size > 1 && timeout_.inter_byte_timeout == Timeout::max()) {
        size_t bytes_available = available();
        if (bytes_available + bytes_read < size) {
          waitByteTimes(size - (bytes_available + bytes_read));
        }
      }
      // This should be non-blocking returning only what is available now
      //  Then returning so that select can block again.
      ssize_t bytes_read_now =
        ::read (fd_, buf + bytes_read, size - bytes_read);
      // read should always return some data as select reported it was
      // ready to read when we get to this point.
      if (bytes_read_now < 1) {
        // Disconnected devices, at least on Linux, show the
        // behavior that they are always ready to read immediately
        // but reading returns nothing.
        throw SerialException ("device reports readiness to read but "
                               "returned no data (device disconnected?)");
      }
      // Update bytes_read
      bytes_read += static_cast<size_t> (bytes_read_now);
      // If bytes_read == size then we have read everything we need
      if (bytes_read == size) {
        break;
      }
      // If bytes_read < size then we have more to read
      if (bytes_read < size) {
        continue;
      }
      // If bytes_read > size then we have over read, which shouldn't happen
      if (bytes_read > size) {
        throw SerialException ("read over read, too many bytes where "
                               "read, this shouldn't happen, might be "
                               "a logical error!");
      }
    }
  }
  return bytes_read;
}
 
size_t
Serial::SerialImpl::write (const uint8_t *data, size_t length)
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::write");
  }
  fd_set writefds;
  size_t bytes_written = 0;
 
  // Calculate total timeout in milliseconds t_c + (t_m * N)
  long total_timeout_ms = timeout_.write_timeout_constant;
  total_timeout_ms += timeout_.write_timeout_multiplier * static_cast<long> (length);
  MillisecondTimer total_timeout(total_timeout_ms);
 
  bool first_iteration = true;
  while (bytes_written < length) {
    int64_t timeout_remaining_ms = total_timeout.remaining();
    // Only consider the timeout if it's not the first iteration of the loop
    // otherwise a timeout of 0 won't be allowed through
    if (!first_iteration && (timeout_remaining_ms <= 0)) {
      // Timed out
      break;
    }
    first_iteration = false;
 
    timespec timeout(timespec_from_ms(timeout_remaining_ms));
 
    FD_ZERO (&writefds);
    FD_SET (fd_, &writefds);
 
    // Do the select
    int r = pselect (fd_ + 1, NULL, &writefds, NULL, &timeout, NULL);
 
    // Figure out what happened by looking at select's response 'r'
    if (r < 0) {
      // Select was interrupted, try again
      if (errno == EINTR) {
        continue;
      }
      // Otherwise there was some error
      THROW (IOException, errno);
    }
    if (r == 0) {
      break;
    }
    if (r > 0) {
      // Make sure our file descriptor is in the ready to write list
      if (FD_ISSET (fd_, &writefds)) {
        // This will write some
        ssize_t bytes_written_now =
          ::write (fd_, data + bytes_written, length - bytes_written);
 
        // even though pselect returned readiness the call might still be 
        // interrupted. In that case simply retry.
        if (bytes_written_now == -1 && errno == EINTR) {
          continue;
        }
 
        // write should always return some data as select reported it was
        // ready to write when we get to this point.
        if (bytes_written_now < 1) {
          // Disconnected devices, at least on Linux, show the
          // behavior that they are always ready to write immediately
          // but writing returns nothing.
          std::stringstream strs;
          strs << "device reports readiness to write but "
            "returned no data (device disconnected?)";
          strs << " errno=" << errno;
          strs << " bytes_written_now= " << bytes_written_now;
          strs << " bytes_written=" << bytes_written;
          strs << " length=" << length;
          throw SerialException(strs.str().c_str());
        }
        // Update bytes_written
        bytes_written += static_cast<size_t> (bytes_written_now);
        // If bytes_written == size then we have written everything we need to
        if (bytes_written == length) {
          break;
        }
        // If bytes_written < size then we have more to write
        if (bytes_written < length) {
          continue;
        }
        // If bytes_written > size then we have over written, which shouldn't happen
        if (bytes_written > length) {
          throw SerialException ("write over wrote, too many bytes where "
                                 "written, this shouldn't happen, might be "
                                 "a logical error!");
        }
      }
      // This shouldn't happen, if r > 0 our fd has to be in the list!
      THROW (IOException, "select reports ready to write, but our fd isn't"
                          " in the list, this shouldn't happen!");
    }
  }
  return bytes_written;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setPort (const string &port)
{
  port_ = port;
}
 
string
Serial::SerialImpl::getPort () const
{
  return port_;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setTimeout (serial::Timeout &timeout)
{
  timeout_ = timeout;
}
 
serial::Timeout
Serial::SerialImpl::getTimeout () const
{
  return timeout_;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setBaudrate (unsigned long baudrate)
{
  baudrate_ = baudrate;
  if (is_open_)
    reconfigurePort ();
}
 
unsigned long
Serial::SerialImpl::getBaudrate () const
{
  return baudrate_;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setBytesize (serial::bytesize_t bytesize)
{
  bytesize_ = bytesize;
  if (is_open_)
    reconfigurePort ();
}
 
serial::bytesize_t
Serial::SerialImpl::getBytesize () const
{
  return bytesize_;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setParity (serial::parity_t parity)
{
  parity_ = parity;
  if (is_open_)
    reconfigurePort ();
}
 
serial::parity_t
Serial::SerialImpl::getParity () const
{
  return parity_;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setStopbits (serial::stopbits_t stopbits)
{
  stopbits_ = stopbits;
  if (is_open_)
    reconfigurePort ();
}
 
serial::stopbits_t
Serial::SerialImpl::getStopbits () const
{
  return stopbits_;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setFlowcontrol (serial::flowcontrol_t flowcontrol)
{
  flowcontrol_ = flowcontrol;
  if (is_open_)
    reconfigurePort ();
}
 
serial::flowcontrol_t
Serial::SerialImpl::getFlowcontrol () const
{
  return flowcontrol_;
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::flush ()
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::flush");
  }
  tcdrain (fd_);
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::flushInput ()
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::flushInput");
  }
  tcflush (fd_, TCIFLUSH);
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::flushOutput ()
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::flushOutput");
  }
  tcflush (fd_, TCOFLUSH);
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::sendBreak (int duration)
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::sendBreak");
  }
  tcsendbreak (fd_, static_cast<int> (duration / 4));
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setBreak (bool level)
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::setBreak");
  }
 
  if (level) {
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCSBRK))
    {
        stringstream ss;
        ss << "setBreak failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCSBRK): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
        throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
  } else {
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCCBRK))
    {
        stringstream ss;
        ss << "setBreak failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCCBRK): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
        throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
  }
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setRTS (bool level)
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::setRTS");
  }
 
  int command = TIOCM_RTS;
 
  if (level) {
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMBIS, &command))
    {
      stringstream ss;
      ss << "setRTS failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMBIS): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
      throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
  } else {
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMBIC, &command))
    {
      stringstream ss;
      ss << "setRTS failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMBIC): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
      throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
  }
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::setDTR (bool level)
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::setDTR");
  }
 
  int command = TIOCM_DTR;
 
  if (level) {
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMBIS, &command))
    {
      stringstream ss;
      ss << "setDTR failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMBIS): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
      throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
  } else {
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMBIC, &command))
    {
      stringstream ss;
      ss << "setDTR failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMBIC): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
      throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
  }
}
 
bool
Serial::SerialImpl::waitForChange ()
{
#ifndef TIOCMIWAIT
 
while (is_open_ == true) {
 
    int status;
 
    if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMGET, &status))
    {
        stringstream ss;
        ss << "waitForChange failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMGET): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
        throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
    }
    else
    {
        if (0 != (status & TIOCM_CTS)
         || 0 != (status & TIOCM_DSR)
         || 0 != (status & TIOCM_RI)
         || 0 != (status & TIOCM_CD))
        {
          return true;
        }
    }
 
    usleep(1000);
  }
 
  return false;
#else
  int command = (TIOCM_CD|TIOCM_DSR|TIOCM_RI|TIOCM_CTS);
 
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMIWAIT, &command)) {
    stringstream ss;
    ss << "waitForDSR failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMIWAIT): "
       << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
    throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
  }
  return true;
#endif
}
 
bool
Serial::SerialImpl::getCTS ()
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::getCTS");
  }
 
  int status;
 
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMGET, &status))
  {
    stringstream ss;
    ss << "getCTS failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMGET): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
    throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
  }
  else
  {
    return 0 != (status & TIOCM_CTS);
  }
}
 
bool
Serial::SerialImpl::getDSR ()
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::getDSR");
  }
 
  int status;
 
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMGET, &status))
  {
      stringstream ss;
      ss << "getDSR failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMGET): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
      throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
  }
  else
  {
      return 0 != (status & TIOCM_DSR);
  }
}
 
bool
Serial::SerialImpl::getRI ()
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::getRI");
  }
 
  int status;
 
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMGET, &status))
  {
    stringstream ss;
    ss << "getRI failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMGET): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
    throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
  }
  else
  {
    return 0 != (status & TIOCM_RI);
  }
}
 
bool
Serial::SerialImpl::getCD ()
{
  if (is_open_ == false) {
    throw PortNotOpenedException ("Serial::getCD");
  }
 
  int status;
 
  if (-1 == ioctl (fd_, TIOCMGET, &status))
  {
    stringstream ss;
    ss << "getCD failed on a call to ioctl(TIOCMGET): " << errno << " " << strerror(errno);
    throw(SerialException(ss.str().c_str()));
  }
  else
  {
    return 0 != (status & TIOCM_CD);
  }
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::readLock ()
{
  int result = pthread_mutex_lock(&this->read_mutex);
  if (result) {
    THROW (IOException, result);
  }
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::readUnlock ()
{
  int result = pthread_mutex_unlock(&this->read_mutex);
  if (result) {
    THROW (IOException, result);
  }
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::writeLock ()
{
  int result = pthread_mutex_lock(&this->write_mutex);
  if (result) {
    THROW (IOException, result);
  }
}
 
void
Serial::SerialImpl::writeUnlock ()
{
  int result = pthread_mutex_unlock(&this->write_mutex);
  if (result) {
    THROW (IOException, result);
  }
}
 
#endif // !defined(_WIN32)