bm_chttp2_hpack.cc

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/*
 *
 * Copyright 2015 gRPC authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 *
 */
 
/* Microbenchmarks around CHTTP2 HPACK operations */
 
#include <string.h>
 
#include <memory>
#include <sstream>
 
#include <benchmark/benchmark.h>
 
#include <grpc/slice.h>
#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
#include <grpc/support/log.h>
 
#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_encoder.h"
#include "src/core/ext/transport/chttp2/transport/hpack_parser.h"
#include "src/core/lib/gprpp/time.h"
#include "src/core/lib/resource_quota/resource_quota.h"
#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_internal.h"
#include "src/core/lib/slice/slice_string_helpers.h"
#include "src/core/lib/transport/metadata_batch.h"
#include "src/core/lib/transport/timeout_encoding.h"
#include "test/core/util/test_config.h"
#include "test/cpp/microbenchmarks/helpers.h"
#include "test/cpp/util/test_config.h"
 
static auto* g_memory_allocator = new grpc_core::MemoryAllocator(
    grpc_core::ResourceQuota::Default()->memory_quota()->CreateMemoryAllocator(
        "test"));
 
static grpc_slice MakeSlice(const std::vector<uint8_t>& bytes) {
  grpc_slice s = grpc_slice_malloc(bytes.size());
  uint8_t* p = GRPC_SLICE_START_PTR(s);
  for (auto b : bytes) {
    *p++ = b;
  }
  return s;
}
 
// HPACK encoder
//
 
static void BM_HpackEncoderInitDestroy(benchmark::State& state) {
  TrackCounters track_counters;
  grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
  for (auto _ : state) {
    grpc_core::HPackCompressor c;
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
  }
 
  track_counters.Finish(state);
}
BENCHMARK(BM_HpackEncoderInitDestroy);
 
static void BM_HpackEncoderEncodeDeadline(benchmark::State& state) {
  TrackCounters track_counters;
  grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
  grpc_core::Timestamp saved_now = grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Now();
 
  auto arena = grpc_core::MakeScopedArena(1024, g_memory_allocator);
  grpc_metadata_batch b(arena.get());
  b.Set(grpc_core::GrpcTimeoutMetadata(),
        saved_now + grpc_core::Duration::Seconds(30));
 
  grpc_core::HPackCompressor c;
  grpc_transport_one_way_stats stats;
  stats = {};
  grpc_slice_buffer outbuf;
  grpc_slice_buffer_init(&outbuf);
  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
    c.EncodeHeaders(
        grpc_core::HPackCompressor::EncodeHeaderOptions{
            static_cast<uint32_t>(state.iterations()),
            true,
            false,
            static_cast<size_t>(1024),
            &stats,
        },
        b, &outbuf);
    grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&outbuf);
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
  }
  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&outbuf);
 
  std::ostringstream label;
  label << "framing_bytes/iter:"
        << (static_cast<double>(stats.framing_bytes) /
            static_cast<double>(state.iterations()))
        << " header_bytes/iter:"
        << (static_cast<double>(stats.header_bytes) /
            static_cast<double>(state.iterations()));
  track_counters.AddLabel(label.str());
  track_counters.Finish(state);
}
BENCHMARK(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeDeadline);
 
template <class Fixture>
static void BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader(benchmark::State& state) {
  TrackCounters track_counters;
  grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
  static bool logged_representative_output = false;
 
  auto arena = grpc_core::MakeScopedArena(1024, g_memory_allocator);
  grpc_metadata_batch b(arena.get());
  Fixture::Prepare(&b);
 
  grpc_core::HPackCompressor c;
  grpc_transport_one_way_stats stats;
  stats = {};
  grpc_slice_buffer outbuf;
  grpc_slice_buffer_init(&outbuf);
  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
    static constexpr int kEnsureMaxFrameAtLeast = 2;
    c.EncodeHeaders(
        grpc_core::HPackCompressor::EncodeHeaderOptions{
            static_cast<uint32_t>(state.iterations()),
            state.range(0) != 0,
            Fixture::kEnableTrueBinary,
            static_cast<size_t>(state.range(1) + kEnsureMaxFrameAtLeast),
            &stats,
        },
        b, &outbuf);
    if (!logged_representative_output && state.iterations() > 3) {
      logged_representative_output = true;
      for (size_t i = 0; i < outbuf.count; i++) {
        char* s = grpc_dump_slice(outbuf.slices[i], GPR_DUMP_HEX);
        gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "%" PRIdPTR ": %s", i, s);
        gpr_free(s);
      }
    }
    grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&outbuf);
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
  }
  grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&outbuf);
 
  std::ostringstream label;
  label << "framing_bytes/iter:"
        << (static_cast<double>(stats.framing_bytes) /
            static_cast<double>(state.iterations()))
        << " header_bytes/iter:"
        << (static_cast<double>(stats.header_bytes) /
            static_cast<double>(state.iterations()));
  track_counters.AddLabel(label.str());
  track_counters.Finish(state);
}
 
namespace hpack_encoder_fixtures {
 
class EmptyBatch {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = false;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch*) {}
};
 
class SingleStaticElem {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = false;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch* b) {
    b->Set(grpc_core::GrpcAcceptEncodingMetadata(),
           grpc_core::CompressionAlgorithmSet(
               {GRPC_COMPRESS_NONE, GRPC_COMPRESS_DEFLATE}));
  }
};
 
static void CrashOnAppendError(absl::string_view, const grpc_core::Slice&) {
  abort();
}
 
class SingleNonBinaryElem {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = false;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch* b) {
    b->Append("abc", grpc_core::Slice::FromStaticString("def"),
              CrashOnAppendError);
  }
};
 
template <int kLength, bool kTrueBinary>
class SingleBinaryElem {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = kTrueBinary;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch* b) {
    b->Append("abc-bin", MakeBytes(), CrashOnAppendError);
  }
 
 private:
  static grpc_core::Slice MakeBytes() {
    std::vector<char> v;
    v.reserve(kLength);
    for (int i = 0; i < kLength; i++) {
      v.push_back(static_cast<char>(rand()));
    }
    return grpc_core::Slice::FromCopiedBuffer(v);
  }
};
 
class RepresentativeClientInitialMetadata {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = true;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch* b) {
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpSchemeMetadata(),
           grpc_core::HttpSchemeMetadata::kHttp);
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpMethodMetadata(),
           grpc_core::HttpMethodMetadata::kPost);
    b->Set(
        grpc_core::HttpPathMetadata(),
        grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString("/foo/bar")));
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpAuthorityMetadata(),
           grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString(
               "foo.test.google.fr:1234")));
    b->Set(
        grpc_core::GrpcAcceptEncodingMetadata(),
        grpc_core::CompressionAlgorithmSet(
            {GRPC_COMPRESS_NONE, GRPC_COMPRESS_DEFLATE, GRPC_COMPRESS_GZIP}));
    b->Set(grpc_core::TeMetadata(), grpc_core::TeMetadata::kTrailers);
    b->Set(grpc_core::ContentTypeMetadata(),
           grpc_core::ContentTypeMetadata::kApplicationGrpc);
    b->Set(grpc_core::UserAgentMetadata(),
           grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString(
               "grpc-c/3.0.0-dev (linux; chttp2; green)")));
  }
};
 
// This fixture reflects how initial metadata are sent by a production client,
// with non-indexed :path and binary headers. The metadata here are the same as
// the corresponding parser benchmark below.
class MoreRepresentativeClientInitialMetadata {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = true;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch* b) {
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpSchemeMetadata(),
           grpc_core::HttpSchemeMetadata::kHttp);
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpMethodMetadata(),
           grpc_core::HttpMethodMetadata::kPost);
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpPathMetadata(),
           grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString(
               "/grpc.test.FooService/BarMethod")));
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpAuthorityMetadata(),
           grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString(
               "foo.test.google.fr:1234")));
    b->Set(grpc_core::GrpcTraceBinMetadata(),
           grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString(
               "\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
               "\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f"
               "\x10\x11\x12\x13\x14\x15\x16\x17\x18"
               "\x19\x1a\x1b\x1c\x1d\x1e\x1f"
               "\x20\x21\x22\x23\x24\x25\x26\x27\x28"
               "\x29\x2a\x2b\x2c\x2d\x2e\x2f"
               "\x30")));
    b->Set(grpc_core::GrpcTagsBinMetadata(),
           grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString(
               "\x00\x01\x02\x03\x04\x05\x06\x07\x08"
               "\x09\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x0e\x0f"
               "\x10\x11\x12\x13")));
    b->Set(
        grpc_core::GrpcAcceptEncodingMetadata(),
        grpc_core::CompressionAlgorithmSet(
            {GRPC_COMPRESS_NONE, GRPC_COMPRESS_DEFLATE, GRPC_COMPRESS_GZIP}));
    b->Set(grpc_core::TeMetadata(), grpc_core::TeMetadata::kTrailers);
    b->Set(grpc_core::ContentTypeMetadata(),
           grpc_core::ContentTypeMetadata::kApplicationGrpc);
    b->Set(grpc_core::UserAgentMetadata(),
           grpc_core::Slice(grpc_core::StaticSlice::FromStaticString(
               "grpc-c/3.0.0-dev (linux; chttp2; green)")));
  }
};
 
class RepresentativeServerInitialMetadata {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = true;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch* b) {
    b->Set(grpc_core::HttpStatusMetadata(), 200);
    b->Set(grpc_core::ContentTypeMetadata(),
           grpc_core::ContentTypeMetadata::kApplicationGrpc);
    b->Set(
        grpc_core::GrpcAcceptEncodingMetadata(),
        grpc_core::CompressionAlgorithmSet(
            {GRPC_COMPRESS_NONE, GRPC_COMPRESS_DEFLATE, GRPC_COMPRESS_GZIP}));
  }
};
 
class RepresentativeServerTrailingMetadata {
 public:
  static constexpr bool kEnableTrueBinary = true;
  static void Prepare(grpc_metadata_batch* b) {
    b->Set(grpc_core::GrpcStatusMetadata(), GRPC_STATUS_OK);
  }
};
 
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, EmptyBatch)->Args({0, 16384});
// test with eof (shouldn't affect anything)
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, EmptyBatch)->Args({1, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleStaticElem)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleNonBinaryElem)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleBinaryElem<1, false>)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleBinaryElem<3, false>)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleBinaryElem<10, false>)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleBinaryElem<31, false>)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleBinaryElem<100, false>)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
// test with a tiny frame size, to highlight continuation costs
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader, SingleNonBinaryElem)
    ->Args({0, 1});
 
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader,
                   RepresentativeClientInitialMetadata)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader,
                   MoreRepresentativeClientInitialMetadata)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader,
                   RepresentativeServerInitialMetadata)
    ->Args({0, 16384});
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackEncoderEncodeHeader,
                   RepresentativeServerTrailingMetadata)
    ->Args({1, 16384});
 
}  // namespace hpack_encoder_fixtures
 
// HPACK parser
//
 
static void BM_HpackParserInitDestroy(benchmark::State& state) {
  TrackCounters track_counters;
  grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
  for (auto _ : state) {
    { grpc_core::HPackParser(); }
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
  }
 
  track_counters.Finish(state);
}
BENCHMARK(BM_HpackParserInitDestroy);
 
template <class Fixture>
static void BM_HpackParserParseHeader(benchmark::State& state) {
  TrackCounters track_counters;
  std::vector<grpc_slice> init_slices = Fixture::GetInitSlices();
  std::vector<grpc_slice> benchmark_slices = Fixture::GetBenchmarkSlices();
  grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
  grpc_core::HPackParser p;
  const int kArenaSize = 4096 * 4096;
  auto* arena = grpc_core::Arena::Create(kArenaSize, g_memory_allocator);
  grpc_core::ManualConstructor<grpc_metadata_batch> b;
  b.Init(arena);
  p.BeginFrame(&*b, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max(),
               grpc_core::HPackParser::Boundary::None,
               grpc_core::HPackParser::Priority::None,
               grpc_core::HPackParser::LogInfo{
                   1, grpc_core::HPackParser::LogInfo::kHeaders, false});
  auto parse_vec = [&p](const std::vector<grpc_slice>& slices) {
    for (size_t i = 0; i < slices.size(); ++i) {
      auto error = p.Parse(slices[i], i == slices.size() - 1);
      GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_ERROR_IS_NONE(error));
    }
  };
  parse_vec(init_slices);
  while (state.KeepRunning()) {
    b->Clear();
    parse_vec(benchmark_slices);
    grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
    // Recreate arena every 4k iterations to avoid oom
    if (0 == (state.iterations() & 0xfff)) {
      b.Destroy();
      arena->Destroy();
      arena = grpc_core::Arena::Create(kArenaSize, g_memory_allocator);
      b.Init(arena);
      p.BeginFrame(&*b, std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max(),
                   grpc_core::HPackParser::Boundary::None,
                   grpc_core::HPackParser::Priority::None,
                   grpc_core::HPackParser::LogInfo{
                       1, grpc_core::HPackParser::LogInfo::kHeaders, false});
    }
  }
  // Clean up
  b.Destroy();
  for (auto slice : init_slices) grpc_slice_unref(slice);
  for (auto slice : benchmark_slices) grpc_slice_unref(slice);
  arena->Destroy();
 
  track_counters.Finish(state);
}
 
namespace hpack_parser_fixtures {
 
template <class EncoderFixture>
class FromEncoderFixture {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return Generate(0); }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() { return Generate(1); }
 
 private:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> Generate(int iteration) {
    grpc_core::ExecCtx exec_ctx;
 
    auto arena = grpc_core::MakeScopedArena(1024, g_memory_allocator);
    grpc_metadata_batch b(arena.get());
    EncoderFixture::Prepare(&b);
 
    grpc_core::HPackCompressor c;
    grpc_transport_one_way_stats stats;
    std::vector<grpc_slice> out;
    stats = {};
    bool done = false;
    int i = 0;
    while (!done) {
      grpc_slice_buffer outbuf;
      grpc_slice_buffer_init(&outbuf);
      c.EncodeHeaders(
          grpc_core::HPackCompressor::EncodeHeaderOptions{
              static_cast<uint32_t>(i),
              false,
              EncoderFixture::kEnableTrueBinary,
              1024 * 1024,
              &stats,
          },
          b, &outbuf);
      if (i == iteration) {
        for (size_t s = 0; s < outbuf.count; s++) {
          out.push_back(grpc_slice_ref_internal(outbuf.slices[s]));
        }
        done = true;
      }
      grpc_slice_buffer_reset_and_unref_internal(&outbuf);
      grpc_core::ExecCtx::Get()->Flush();
      grpc_slice_buffer_destroy_internal(&outbuf);
      i++;
    }
    // Remove the HTTP header.
    GPR_ASSERT(!out.empty());
    GPR_ASSERT(GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(out[0]) > 9);
    out[0] = grpc_slice_sub_no_ref(out[0], 9, GRPC_SLICE_LENGTH(out[0]));
    return out;
  }
};
 
class EmptyBatch {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({})};
  }
};
 
class IndexedSingleStaticElem {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice(
        {0x40, 0x07, ':', 's', 't', 'a', 't', 'u', 's', 0x03, '2', '0', '0'})};
  }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0xbe})};
  }
};
 
class AddIndexedSingleStaticElem {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice(
        {0x40, 0x07, ':', 's', 't', 'a', 't', 'u', 's', 0x03, '2', '0', '0'})};
  }
};
 
class KeyIndexedSingleStaticElem {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice(
        {0x40, 0x07, ':', 's', 't', 'a', 't', 'u', 's', 0x03, '2', '0', '0'})};
  }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x7e, 0x03, '4', '0', '4'})};
  }
};
 
class IndexedSingleInternedElem {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x40, 0x03, 'a', 'b', 'c', 0x03, 'd', 'e', 'f'})};
  }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0xbe})};
  }
};
 
class AddIndexedSingleInternedElem {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x40, 0x03, 'a', 'b', 'c', 0x03, 'd', 'e', 'f'})};
  }
};
 
class KeyIndexedSingleInternedElem {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x40, 0x03, 'a', 'b', 'c', 0x03, 'd', 'e', 'f'})};
  }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x7e, 0x03, 'g', 'h', 'i'})};
  }
};
 
class NonIndexedElem {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x00, 0x03, 'a', 'b', 'c', 0x03, 'd', 'e', 'f'})};
  }
};
 
template <int kLength, bool kTrueBinary>
class NonIndexedBinaryElem;
 
template <int kLength>
class NonIndexedBinaryElem<kLength, true> {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    std::vector<uint8_t> v = {
        0x00, 0x07, 'a', 'b', 'c',
        '-',  'b',  'i', 'n', static_cast<uint8_t>(kLength + 1),
        0};
    for (int i = 0; i < kLength; i++) {
      v.push_back(static_cast<uint8_t>(i));
    }
    return {MakeSlice(v)};
  }
};
 
template <>
class NonIndexedBinaryElem<1, false> {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice(
        {0x00, 0x07, 'a', 'b', 'c', '-', 'b', 'i', 'n', 0x82, 0xf7, 0xb3})};
  }
};
 
template <>
class NonIndexedBinaryElem<3, false> {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x00, 0x07, 'a', 'b', 'c', '-', 'b', 'i', 'n', 0x84,
                       0x7f, 0x4e, 0x29, 0x3f})};
  }
};
 
template <>
class NonIndexedBinaryElem<10, false> {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x00, 0x07, 'a',  'b',  'c',  '-',  'b',
                       'i',  'n',  0x8b, 0x71, 0x0c, 0xa5, 0x81,
                       0x73, 0x7b, 0x47, 0x13, 0xe9, 0xf7, 0xe3})};
  }
};
 
template <>
class NonIndexedBinaryElem<31, false> {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice({0x00, 0x07, 'a',  'b',  'c',  '-',  'b',  'i',  'n',
                       0xa3, 0x92, 0x43, 0x7f, 0xbe, 0x7c, 0xea, 0x6f, 0xf3,
                       0x3d, 0xa7, 0xa7, 0x67, 0xfb, 0xe2, 0x82, 0xf7, 0xf2,
                       0x8f, 0x1f, 0x9d, 0xdf, 0xf1, 0x7e, 0xb3, 0xef, 0xb2,
                       0x8f, 0x53, 0x77, 0xce, 0x0c, 0x13, 0xe3, 0xfd, 0x87})};
  }
};
 
template <>
class NonIndexedBinaryElem<100, false> {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() { return {}; }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    return {MakeSlice(
        {0x00, 0x07, 'a',  'b',  'c',  '-',  'b',  'i',  'n',  0xeb, 0x1d, 0x4d,
         0xe8, 0x96, 0x8c, 0x14, 0x20, 0x06, 0xc1, 0xc3, 0xdf, 0x6e, 0x1f, 0xef,
         0xde, 0x2f, 0xde, 0xb7, 0xf2, 0xfe, 0x6d, 0xd4, 0xe4, 0x7d, 0xf5, 0x55,
         0x46, 0x52, 0x3d, 0x91, 0xf2, 0xd4, 0x6f, 0xca, 0x34, 0xcd, 0xd9, 0x39,
         0xbd, 0x03, 0x27, 0xe3, 0x9c, 0x74, 0xcc, 0x17, 0x34, 0xed, 0xa6, 0x6a,
         0x77, 0x73, 0x10, 0xcd, 0x8e, 0x4e, 0x5c, 0x7c, 0x72, 0x39, 0xd8, 0xe6,
         0x78, 0x6b, 0xdb, 0xa5, 0xb7, 0xab, 0xe7, 0x46, 0xae, 0x21, 0xab, 0x7f,
         0x01, 0x89, 0x13, 0xd7, 0xca, 0x17, 0x6e, 0xcb, 0xd6, 0x79, 0x71, 0x68,
         0xbf, 0x8a, 0x3f, 0x32, 0xe8, 0xba, 0xf5, 0xbe, 0xb3, 0xbc, 0xde, 0x28,
         0xc7, 0xcf, 0x62, 0x7a, 0x58, 0x2c, 0xcf, 0x4d, 0xe3})};
  }
};
 
using RepresentativeClientInitialMetadata = FromEncoderFixture<
    hpack_encoder_fixtures::RepresentativeClientInitialMetadata>;
using RepresentativeServerInitialMetadata = FromEncoderFixture<
    hpack_encoder_fixtures::RepresentativeServerInitialMetadata>;
using RepresentativeServerTrailingMetadata = FromEncoderFixture<
    hpack_encoder_fixtures::RepresentativeServerTrailingMetadata>;
using MoreRepresentativeClientInitialMetadata = FromEncoderFixture<
    hpack_encoder_fixtures::MoreRepresentativeClientInitialMetadata>;
 
// Send the same deadline repeatedly
class SameDeadline {
 public:
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetInitSlices() {
    return {
        grpc_slice_from_static_string("@\x0cgrpc-timeout\x03"
                                      "30S")};
  }
  static std::vector<grpc_slice> GetBenchmarkSlices() {
    // Use saved key and literal value.
    return {MakeSlice({0x0f, 0x2f, 0x03, '3', '0', 'S'})};
  }
};
 
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, EmptyBatch);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, IndexedSingleStaticElem);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, AddIndexedSingleStaticElem);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, KeyIndexedSingleStaticElem);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, IndexedSingleInternedElem);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, AddIndexedSingleInternedElem);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, KeyIndexedSingleInternedElem);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedElem);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<1, false>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<3, false>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<10, false>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<31, false>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<100, false>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<1, true>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<3, true>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<10, true>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<31, true>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, NonIndexedBinaryElem<100, true>);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader,
                   RepresentativeClientInitialMetadata);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader,
                   MoreRepresentativeClientInitialMetadata);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader,
                   RepresentativeServerInitialMetadata);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader,
                   RepresentativeServerTrailingMetadata);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader,
                   RepresentativeClientInitialMetadata);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader,
                   MoreRepresentativeClientInitialMetadata);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader,
                   RepresentativeServerInitialMetadata);
BENCHMARK_TEMPLATE(BM_HpackParserParseHeader, SameDeadline);
 
}  // namespace hpack_parser_fixtures
 
// Some distros have RunSpecifiedBenchmarks under the benchmark namespace,
// and others do not. This allows us to support both modes.
namespace benchmark {
void RunTheBenchmarksNamespaced() { RunSpecifiedBenchmarks(); }
}  // namespace benchmark
 
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
  grpc::testing::TestEnvironment env(&argc, argv);
  LibraryInitializer libInit;
  ::benchmark::Initialize(&argc, argv);
  grpc::testing::InitTest(&argc, &argv, false);
  benchmark::RunTheBenchmarksNamespaced();
  return 0;
}