ransac_matching.h

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/****************************************************************************
* VCGLib                                                            o o     *
* Visual and Computer Graphics Library                            o     o   *
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* Copyright(C) 2004-2012                                           \/)\/    *
* Visual Computing Lab                                            /\/|      *
* ISTI - Italian National Research Council                           |      *
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#ifndef RANSAC_MATCHING_H
#define RANSAC_MATCHING_H
#include<vcg/complex/algorithms/point_sampling.h>
#include<vcg/complex/algorithms/update/color.h>
#include<vcg/complex/algorithms/smooth.h>
#include<vcg/space/index/kdtree/kdtree.h>
#include<vcg/space/point_matching.h>
namespace vcg
{
template <class MeshType> 
class BaseFeature
{
public:
  BaseFeature():_v(0) {}
  typename MeshType::VertexType *_v;  
  typename MeshType::CoordType P() {return _v->cP();}    
};


template <class MeshType>
class BaseFeatureSet 
{
public: 
  typedef   BaseFeature<MeshType> FeatureType;  
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType      VertexType;
  typedef typename MeshType::ScalarType      ScalarType;  
  
  class Param 
  {
  public:
    Param()
    {
      featureSampleRatio = 0.5; // the number of feature that we choose on the total number of samples.
    }

    ScalarType featureSampleRatio;
  };

 
  std::vector<FeatureType> fixFeatureVec;
  std::vector<FeatureType> movFeatureVec;
  
  FeatureType &ff(int i) { return fixFeatureVec[i]; }
  FeatureType &mf(int i) { return movFeatureVec[i]; }
  int ffNum() const { return fixFeatureVec.size(); }
  int mfNum() const { return movFeatureVec.size(); }
  
  void Init(MeshType &fix, MeshType &mov,  
            std::vector<VertexType *> &fixSampleVec, std::vector<VertexType *> &movSampleVec,
            Param &fpp)
  {
    this->fixFeatureVec.resize(fixSampleVec.size()*fpp.featureSampleRatio);
    for(int i=0;i<fixFeatureVec.size();++i) 
      this->fixFeatureVec[i]._v = fixSampleVec[i];
      
    this->movFeatureVec.resize(movSampleVec.size()*fpp.featureSampleRatio);
    for(int i=0;i<movFeatureVec.size();++i) 
      this->movFeatureVec[i]._v = movSampleVec[i];
    
    printf("Generated %i Features on Fix\n",this->fixFeatureVec.size());
    printf("Generated %i Features on Mov\n",this->movFeatureVec.size());
  }
 
 // Returns the indexes of all the fix features matching a given one (from mov usually) 
 // remember that the idea is that 
 // we are aliging mov (that could be a single map) to fix (that could be a set of already aligned maps)
 void getMatchingFixFeatureVec(FeatureType &q, vector<int> &ffiVec, size_t maxMatchingFeature)
 {
  ffiVec.resize(std::min(fixFeatureVec.size(),maxMatchingFeature));
  
  for(int i=0;i<ffiVec.size();++i)
    ffiVec[i]=i;
 } 
};

/*******************/ 

template <class MeshType> 
class NDFeature 
{
public:
  NDFeature():_v(0) {}
  typename MeshType::VertexType *_v;  
  typename MeshType::CoordType nd; //   
  typename MeshType::CoordType P() {return _v->cP();}    
};


template <class MeshType>
class NDFeatureSet 
{
public: 
  typedef   NDFeature<MeshType> FeatureType;  
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType      VertexType;
  typedef typename MeshType::CoordType      CoordType;
  typedef typename MeshType::ScalarType      ScalarType;
 
  class Param
  {
  public:
    Param()
    {
      levAbs=CoordType(0,0,0);
      levPerc[0] = 0.01;
      levPerc[1] = levPerc[0]*2.0;
      levPerc[2] = levPerc[1]*2.0;      
    }

    CoordType levPerc; 
    CoordType levAbs; 
  };
  
  std::vector<FeatureType> fixFeatureVec;
  std::vector<FeatureType> movFeatureVec;
  KdTree<ScalarType> *fixFeatureTree;
  
  FeatureType &ff(int i) { return fixFeatureVec[i]; }
  FeatureType &mf(int i) { return movFeatureVec[i]; }
  int ffNum() const { return fixFeatureVec.size(); }
  int mfNum() const { return movFeatureVec.size(); }
  
  void Init(MeshType &fix, MeshType &mov,  
            std::vector<VertexType *> &fixSampleVec, std::vector<VertexType *> &movSampleVec, Param &pp)
  {
    ScalarType dd = std::max(fix.bbox.Diag(),mov.bbox.Diag());
    if(pp.levAbs == CoordType(0,0,0))
      pp.levAbs= pp.levPerc * dd;
        
    BuildNDFeatureVector(fix,fixSampleVec,pp.levAbs,fixFeatureVec);
    BuildNDFeatureVector(mov,movSampleVec,pp.levAbs,movFeatureVec);
    
    ConstDataWrapper<CoordType> cdw( &(fixFeatureVec[0].nd), fixFeatureVec.size(), sizeof(FeatureType));        
    fixFeatureTree = new  KdTree<ScalarType>(cdw); 
            
    printf("Generated %i ND Features on Fix\n",this->fixFeatureVec.size());
    printf("Generated %i ND Features on Mov\n",this->movFeatureVec.size());
  }
 
  
  static void BuildNDFeatureVector(MeshType &m, std::vector<VertexType *> &sampleVec, Point3f &distLev, std::vector<FeatureType> &featureVec )
  {    
    tri::UpdateNormal<MeshType>::PerVertexNormalized(m);
    tri::Smooth<MeshType>::VertexNormalLaplacian(m,10);
    
    VertexConstDataWrapper<MeshType > ww(m);
    KdTree<ScalarType> tree(ww); 
    featureVec.resize(sampleVec.size());
    const Point3f sqDistLev(distLev[0]*distLev[0], distLev[1]*distLev[1], distLev[2]*distLev[2]);
    for(int i=0;i<sampleVec.size();++i)
    {
      featureVec[i]._v=sampleVec[i];
      std::vector<unsigned int> ptIndVec;
      std::vector<ScalarType> sqDistVec;    
      tree.doQueryDist(sampleVec[i]->P(), distLev[2], ptIndVec, sqDistVec);
      Point3f varSum(0,0,0);
      Point3i varCnt(0,0,0);
      
      for(int j=0;j<sqDistVec.size();++j)
      {
        ScalarType nDist = Distance(m.vert[i].N(),m.vert[ptIndVec[j]].N()); 
        if(sqDistVec[j]<sqDistLev[0]) {
          varSum[0] += nDist;
          ++varCnt[0];
        }
        if(sqDistVec[j]<sqDistLev[1]) {
          varSum[1] += nDist; 
          ++varCnt[1];
        } 
        {
        varSum[2] += nDist; 
        ++varCnt[2];                
        }
      }      
      featureVec[i].nd[0] = varSum[0]/ScalarType(varCnt[0]);
      featureVec[i].nd[1] = varSum[1]/ScalarType(varCnt[1]);
      featureVec[i].nd[2] = varSum[2]/ScalarType(varCnt[2]);           
    }  
  }
  
  
 // Returns the indexes of all the fix features matching a given one (from mov usually) 
void getMatchingFixFeatureVec(FeatureType &q, vector<int> &ffiVec, int maxNum)
{
  ffiVec.clear();
  typename KdTree<ScalarType>::PriorityQueue pq;
  this->fixFeatureTree->doQueryK(q.nd,maxNum,pq);
  for(int i=0;i<pq.getNofElements();++i)
  {
    ffiVec.push_back(pq.getIndex(i));
  }
} 
};


template <class MeshType, class FeatureSetType>
class RansacFramework
{
  typedef typename FeatureSetType::FeatureType       FeatureType;
  typedef typename FeatureSetType::Param       FeatureParam;
  
  typedef typename MeshType::CoordType       CoordType;
  typedef typename MeshType::BoxType         BoxType;
  typedef typename MeshType::ScalarType      ScalarType;
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexType      VertexType;
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexPointer   VertexPointer;
  typedef typename MeshType::VertexIterator  VertexIterator;
  typedef typename MeshType::EdgeType        EdgeType;
  typedef typename MeshType::EdgeIterator    EdgeIterator;
  typedef typename MeshType::FaceType        FaceType;
  typedef typename MeshType::FacePointer     FacePointer;
  typedef typename MeshType::FaceIterator    FaceIterator;
  typedef typename MeshType::FaceContainer   FaceContainer;
  typedef Matrix44<ScalarType>               Matrix44Type;
  
public:
  class Param
  {
  public:
    Param()
    {
      iterMax=100;
      samplingRadiusPerc=0.005;
      samplingRadiusAbs=0;
      evalSize=1000;
      inlierRatioThr=0.3;
      inlierDistanceThrPerc = 1.5; // the distance between a transformed mov sample and the corresponding on fix should be 1.5 * sampling dist.
      congruenceThrPerc = 2.0; // the distance between two matching features must be  within 2.0 * sampling distance 
      minFeatureDistancePerc = 4.0; // the distance between two chosen features must be  at least 4.0 * sampling distance 
      maxMatchingFeatureNum = 100;
      areaThrPerc = 20.0;    // Triplets that make small triangles are discarded 
      
    }
   
    ScalarType inlierRatioThr;
    ScalarType inlierDistanceThrPerc;
    ScalarType congruenceThrPerc;
    ScalarType minFeatureDistancePerc;
    ScalarType samplingRadiusPerc;
    ScalarType samplingRadiusAbs;
    ScalarType areaThrPerc;
    int iterMax;
    int evalSize;
    int maxMatchingFeatureNum;
    
    ScalarType inlierSquareThr() const { return pow(samplingRadiusAbs* inlierDistanceThrPerc,2); }
  };
  
  class Candidate
  {
  public:
    int fixInd[3];
    int movInd[3];  
    int inlierNum;
    int evalSize;
    Matrix44Type Tr;
    ScalarType err() const {return float(inlierNum)/float(evalSize);}
    bool operator <(const Candidate &cc) const
    {
      return this->err() > cc.err();
    }
    
  };

  FeatureSetType FS;
  std::vector<Point3f> fixConsensusVec, movConsensusVec;
  KdTree<ScalarType> *consensusTree;
  
  
  // Given three pairs of sufficiently different distances (e.g. the edges of a scalene triangle)
  // it finds the permutation that brings the vertexes so that the distances match.
  // The meaning of the permutation vector nm0,nm1,nm2 is that the (N)ew index of (M)ov vertx i is the value of nmi 
  
  bool FindPermutation(int d01, int d02, int d12, int m01, int m02, int m12, int nm[], Param &pp)
  {
    ScalarType eps = pp.samplingRadiusAbs*2.0;
        
    if(fabs(d01-m01)<eps) {
      if(fabs(d02-m02)<eps) {
        if(fabs(d12-m12)<eps){ nm[0]=0;nm[1]=1;nm[2]=2; return true; }
            else return false;
      }
      if(fabs(d02-m12)<eps) {
        if(fabs(d12-m02)<eps){ nm[0]=1;nm[1]=0;nm[2]=2; return true; }
            else return false;        
      }        
    }
    
    if(fabs(d01-m02)<eps) {
      if(fabs(d02-m01)<eps) {
        if(fabs(d12-m12)<eps){ nm[0]=0;nm[1]=2;nm[2]=1; return true; }
            else return false;
      }
      if(fabs(d02-m12)<eps) {
        if(fabs(d12-m01)<eps){ nm[0]=2;nm[1]=0;nm[2]=1; return true; }
            else return false;        
      }        
    }

    if(fabs(d01-m12)<eps) {
      if(fabs(d02-m01)<eps) {
        if(fabs(d12-m02)<eps){ nm[0]=1;nm[1]=2;nm[2]=0; return true; }
            else return false;
      }
      if(fabs(d02-m02)<eps) {
        if(fabs(d12-m01)<eps){ nm[0]=2;nm[1]=1;nm[2]=0; return true; }
            else return false;        
      }        
    }
    return false;
  }
    
  
  
  // Scan the feature set of 
  void EvaluateFeature(int testSize, const char *filename, Param &pp)
  {
//    VertexConstDataWrapper<MeshType> ww(fixM);
//    KdTree<ScalarType>(ww) mTree;
    MeshType tmpM;  
    int neededSizeSum=0;
    int foundCnt=0;
    printf("Testing Feature size %i\n",testSize);
    for(int i=0;i<FS.mfNum();++i)
    {
      int neededSize = testSize;
      for(int j=1;j<neededSize;++j)
      {
        std::vector<int> closeFeatureVec; 
        FS.getMatchingFixFeatureVec(FS.mf(i), closeFeatureVec, j);        
        for(int k=0; k<closeFeatureVec.size();++k)
        {
          if(Distance(FS.mf(i).P(),FS.ff(closeFeatureVec[k]).P() )<pp.samplingRadiusAbs *3.0 )  
            neededSize = j;
        }
      }      
      tri::Allocator<MeshType>::AddVertex(tmpM, FS.mf(i).P());      
      tmpM.vert.back().Q() = neededSize;      
      neededSizeSum+=neededSize;
      if(neededSize<testSize) foundCnt++;
    }
    
    tri::UpdateColor<MeshType>::PerVertexQualityRamp(tmpM);
    tri::io::ExporterPLY<MeshType>::Save(tmpM,filename, tri::io::Mask::IOM_VERTCOLOR + tri::io::Mask::IOM_VERTQUALITY);    
    printf("Found %i / %i Average Needed Size %5.2f on %i\n",foundCnt,FS.mfNum(), float(neededSizeSum)/FS.mfNum(),testSize);
    
  }

  // The main loop. 
  // Choose three points on mov that make a scalene triangle 
  // and search on fix three other points with matchng distances 
  
  void Process_SearchEvaluateTriple (vector<Candidate> &cVec, Param &pp)
  {
    math::MarsenneTwisterRNG rnd;
//    ScalarType congruenceEps = pow(pp.samplingRadiusAbs * pp.congruenceThrPerc,2.0f);
    ScalarType congruenceEps = pp.samplingRadiusAbs * pp.congruenceThrPerc;
    ScalarType minFeatureDistEps = pp.samplingRadiusAbs * pp.minFeatureDistancePerc;
    ScalarType minAreaThr = pp.samplingRadiusAbs * pp.samplingRadiusAbs *pp.areaThrPerc;
    printf("Starting search congruenceEps = samplingRadiusAbs * 3.0 = %6.2f \n",congruenceEps);
    int iterCnt=0;
    
    while ( (iterCnt < pp.iterMax) && (cVec.size()<100) )
    {
      Candidate c;
      // Choose a random pair of features from mov 
      c.movInd[0] = rnd.generate(FS.mfNum());
      c.movInd[1] = rnd.generate(FS.mfNum());
      ScalarType d01 = Distance(FS.mf(c.movInd[0]).P(),FS.mf(c.movInd[1]).P());
      if( d01 > minFeatureDistEps )
      {
        c.movInd[2] = rnd.generate(FS.mfNum());
        ScalarType d02=Distance(FS.mf(c.movInd[0]).P(),FS.mf(c.movInd[2]).P());
        ScalarType d12=Distance(FS.mf(c.movInd[1]).P(),FS.mf(c.movInd[2]).P());
        ScalarType areaTri = DoubleArea(Triangle3<ScalarType>(FS.mf(c.movInd[0]).P(), FS.mf(c.movInd[1]).P(), FS.mf(c.movInd[2]).P() ));
        if( ( d02 > minFeatureDistEps ) &&  // Sample are sufficiently distant
            ( d12 > minFeatureDistEps ) && 
            ( areaTri > minAreaThr) && 
            ( fabs(d01-d02) > congruenceEps ) && // and they make a scalene triangle
            ( fabs(d01-d12) > congruenceEps ) && 
            ( fabs(d12-d02) > congruenceEps ) )
        {
          // Find a congruent triple on mov 
          printf("Starting search of a [%i] congruent triple for %4i %4i %4i - %6.2f %6.2f %6.2f\n",
                 iterCnt,c.movInd[0],c.movInd[1],c.movInd[2],d01,d02,d12);
          // As a first Step we ask for three vectors of matching features;
          
          std::vector<int> fixFeatureVec0; 
          FS.getMatchingFixFeatureVec(FS.mf(c.movInd[0]), fixFeatureVec0,pp.maxMatchingFeatureNum);
          std::vector<int> fixFeatureVec1; 
          FS.getMatchingFixFeatureVec(FS.mf(c.movInd[1]), fixFeatureVec1,pp.maxMatchingFeatureNum);
          std::vector<int> fixFeatureVec2; 
          FS.getMatchingFixFeatureVec(FS.mf(c.movInd[2]), fixFeatureVec2,pp.maxMatchingFeatureNum);
          
          int congrNum=0;
          int congrGoodNum=0;
          for(int i=0;i<fixFeatureVec0.size();++i)
          { 
            if(cVec.size()>100) break;
            c.fixInd[0]=fixFeatureVec0[i];
            for(int j=0;j<fixFeatureVec1.size();++j)
            {               
              if(cVec.size()>100) break;             
              c.fixInd[1]=fixFeatureVec1[j];              
              ScalarType m01 = Distance(FS.ff(c.fixInd[0]).P(),FS.ff(c.fixInd[1]).P());
              if( (fabs(m01-d01)<congruenceEps) )
              {
//                printf("- Found a congruent pair %i %i %6.2f\n", c.movInd[0],c.movInd[1], m01);                
                ++congrNum;
                for(int k=0;k<fixFeatureVec2.size();++k)
                { 
                  if(cVec.size()>100) break;                  
                  c.fixInd[2]=fixFeatureVec2[k];
                  ScalarType m02=Distance(FS.ff(c.fixInd[0]).P(),FS.ff(c.fixInd[2]).P());
                  ScalarType m12=Distance(FS.ff(c.fixInd[1]).P(),FS.ff(c.fixInd[2]).P());
                  if( (fabs(m02-d02)<congruenceEps)  && (fabs(m12-d12)<congruenceEps ) )
                  {
                    c.Tr = GenerateMatchingMatrix(c,pp);
                    
                    EvaluateMatrix(c,pp);
                    if(c.err() > pp.inlierRatioThr ){
                      printf("- - Found  %lu th good congruent triple %i %i %i -- %f / %i \n", cVec.size(), c.movInd[0],c.movInd[1],c.movInd[2],c.err(),pp.evalSize);
//                      printf("      - %4.3f %4.3f %4.3f - %4.3f %4.3f %4.3f \n",
//                             FS.ff(c.fixInd[0]).nd[0], FS.ff(c.fixInd[0]).nd[1], FS.ff(c.fixInd[0]).nd[2],
//                             FS.mf(c.movInd[0]).nd[0], FS.mf(c.movInd[0]).nd[1],FS.mf(c.movInd[0]).nd[2]);
                      
                      ++congrGoodNum;                      
                      cVec.push_back(c);
                    }
                  }
                }
              }                
            }
          }
          printf("Completed Search of congruent triple (found %i / %i good/congruent)\n",congrGoodNum,congrNum);
        }               
      }
      ++iterCnt;
    } // end While

    printf("Found %lu candidates \n",cVec.size());
    sort(cVec.begin(),cVec.end());
    printf("best candidate %f \n",cVec[0].err());
    
    pp.evalSize = FS.mfNum();
    
    for(int i=0;i<cVec.size();++i)
      EvaluateMatrix(cVec[i],pp);
    
    sort(cVec.begin(),cVec.end());
    
    printf("After re-evaluation best is %f",cVec[0].err());
        
      
    
  } // end Process
  
  
  void EvaluateMatrix(Candidate &c, Param &pp)
  {
    c.inlierNum=0;
    c.evalSize=pp.evalSize;    
    
    ScalarType sqThr = pp.inlierSquareThr();
    int mid = pp.evalSize/2;
    uint ind;
    ScalarType squareDist;
    std::vector<Point3f>::iterator pi=movConsensusVec.begin();
    
    for(int j=0;j<2;++j)
    {
      for(int i=0;i<mid;++i)
      {
        Point3f qp = c.Tr*(*pi);
        consensusTree->doQueryClosest(qp,ind,squareDist);
        if(squareDist < sqThr)
          ++c.inlierNum;
        ++pi;
      }
      // Early bailout if after 1/2 of the test we have a very low consensus reject
      if((j==0) && (c.inlierNum < mid/10))  
      {
        c.inlierNum *=2;
        return;
      }        
    }
  }
  
  void DumpInlier(MeshType &m, Candidate &c, Param &pp)
  {
    ScalarType sqThr = pp.inlierSquareThr();
    for(int i=0;i<pp.evalSize;++i)
    {
      Point3f qp = c.Tr*movConsensusVec[i];
      uint ind;
      ScalarType squareDist;
      consensusTree->doQueryClosest(qp,ind,squareDist);
      if(squareDist < sqThr)
        tri::Allocator<MeshType>::AddVertex(m,qp);
    }
  }
  

// Find the transformation that matches the mov onto the fix
// eg M * piMov = piFix 

Matrix44f GenerateMatchingMatrix(Candidate &c, Param pp)
{
  std::vector<Point3f> pFix(3);
  pFix[0]= FS.ff(c.fixInd[0]).P();
  pFix[1]= FS.ff(c.fixInd[1]).P();
  pFix[2]= FS.ff(c.fixInd[2]).P();
  
  std::vector<Point3f> pMov(3);
  pMov[0]= FS.mf(c.movInd[0]).P();
  pMov[1]= FS.mf(c.movInd[1]).P();
  pMov[2]= FS.mf(c.movInd[2]).P();

  Point3f upFix = vcg::Normal(pFix[0],pFix[1],pFix[2]);
  Point3f upMov = vcg::Normal(pMov[0],pMov[1],pMov[2]);  
  
  upFix.Normalize(); 
  upMov.Normalize();
  
  upFix *= Distance(pFix[0],pFix[1]);
  upMov *= Distance(pMov[0],pMov[1]);
  
  for(int i=0;i<3;++i) pFix.push_back(pFix[i]+upFix);
  for(int i=0;i<3;++i) pMov.push_back(pMov[i]+upMov);
  
  Matrix44f res;
  ComputeRigidMatchMatrix(pFix,pMov,res);
  return res;  
}


void Init(MeshType &fixM, MeshType &movM, Param &pp, FeatureParam &fpp)
{
  tri::UpdateNormal<MeshType>::PerVertexNormalizedPerFaceNormalized(fixM);
  tri::UpdateNormal<MeshType>::PerVertexNormalizedPerFaceNormalized(movM);
  
  // First a bit of Sampling
  typedef tri::TrivialPointerSampler<MeshType> BaseSampler;
  typename tri::SurfaceSampling<MeshType, BaseSampler>::PoissonDiskParam pdp;
  pdp.randomSeed = 0;
  pdp.bestSampleChoiceFlag = true;
  pdp.bestSamplePoolSize = 20;
  int t0=clock();
  pp.samplingRadiusAbs = pp.samplingRadiusPerc *fixM.bbox.Diag();
  BaseSampler pdSampler;
  std::vector<VertexType *> fixSampleVec;
  tri::SurfaceSampling<MeshType,BaseSampler>::PoissonDiskPruning(pdSampler, fixM, pp.samplingRadiusAbs,pdp);
  std::swap(pdSampler.sampleVec,fixSampleVec);
  std::vector<VertexType *> movSampleVec;  
  tri::SurfaceSampling<MeshType,BaseSampler>::PoissonDiskPruning(pdSampler, movM, pp.samplingRadiusAbs,pdp);
  std::swap(pdSampler.sampleVec,movSampleVec);
  int t1=clock();
  printf("Poisson Sampling of surfaces %5.2f ( %iv and %iv) \n",float(t1-t0)/CLOCKS_PER_SEC,fixSampleVec.size(),movSampleVec.size());
  printf("Sampling Radius %f \n",pp.samplingRadiusAbs);
  
  for(int i=0;i<fixSampleVec.size();++i) 
    this->fixConsensusVec.push_back(fixSampleVec[i]->P());    

  for(int i=0;i<movSampleVec.size();++i) 
    this->movConsensusVec.push_back(movSampleVec[i]->P());
  
  FS.Init(fixM, movM, fixSampleVec, movSampleVec, fpp);
    
  std::random_shuffle(movConsensusVec.begin(),movConsensusVec.end());
  
  VectorConstDataWrapper<std::vector<CoordType> > ww(fixConsensusVec);
  consensusTree = new  KdTree<ScalarType>(ww); 
}


};

} //end namespace vcg


#endif // RANSAC_MATCHING_H