This is set to ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/devel by catkin/all.cmake and is the analogue to CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH. Since the layout of the both folders CATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX and CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH is identical you can append any of the following install destinations to the build prefix.
All destination variables are meant to be used with the CMake install() macro as an DESTINATION argument. They only contain relative paths and are supposed to be relative to the ${CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX} (or ${CATKIN_DEVEL_PREFIX}).
Project specific
This is set to ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_LIBEXEC_DESTINATION}/${PROJECT_NAME}.
This is set to ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_ETC_DESTINATION}/${PROJECT_NAME}.
This is set to ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_INCLUDE_DESTINATION}/${PROJECT_NAME}.
This is set to ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_LIB_DESTINATION}. All libraries go into a global folder. Still use this variable instead of CATKIN_GLOBAL_LIB_DESTINATION for package libraries.
This is set to ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_PYTHON_DESTINATION}/${PROJECT_NAME}.
This is set to ${CATKIN_GLOBAL_SHARE_DESTINATION}/${PROJECT_NAME}.
Global
This is set to bin. This destination should only be used for the core ROS binaries. If you are unsure if you should use this destination use CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIBEXEC_DESTINATION instead.
This is set to etc.
This is set to include. This destination should only be used when installing headers which are not in a subfolder which matches the project name. Else you should use the destination CATKIN_PACKAGE_INCLUDE_DESTINATION instead.
This is set to lib. This variable should not be used directly, use CATKIN_PACKAGE_LIB_DESTINATION instead.
This is set to lib. On non-Debian distributions it could be set to libexec. This variable should not be used directly, use CATKIN_PACKAGE_BIN_DESTINATION instead.
This is set to lib/pythonX.Y/dist-packages (Debian), lib/pythonX.Y/site-packages (non-Debian) or lib/site-packages (Windows).
This is set to share.