dev_camera1394.cpp

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//
// Copyright (C) 2009, 2010, 2012 Patrick Beeson, Jack O'Quin, Ken Tossell
//  ROS port of the Player 1394 camera driver.
//
// Copyright (C) 2004 Nate Koenig, Andrew Howard
//  Player driver for IEEE 1394 digital camera capture
//
// Copyright (C) 2000-2003 Damien Douxchamps, Dan Dennedy
//  Bayer filtering from libdc1394
//
// NOTE: On 4 Jan. 2011, this file was re-licensed under the GNU LGPL
// with permission of the original GPL authors: Nate Koenig, Andrew
// Howard, Damien Douxchamps and Dan Dennedy.
//
// This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
// modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License
// as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of
// the License, or (at your option) any later version.
// 
// This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
// WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
// Lesser General Public License for more details.
// 
// You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
// License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
// Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
// 02111-1307, USA.
//

// $Id$

#include <stdint.h>

#include "yuv.h"
#include <sensor_msgs/image_encodings.h>
#include "dev_camera1394.h"
#include "features.h"
#include "modes.h"

#define NUM_DMA_BUFFERS 4

// @todo eliminate these macros
#define CAM_EXCEPT(except, msg)                                 \
  {                                                             \
    char buf[100];                                              \
    snprintf(buf, 100, "[Camera1394::%s]: " msg, __FUNCTION__); \
    throw except(buf);                                          \
  }

#define CAM_EXCEPT_ARGS(except, msg, ...)                               \
  {                                                                     \
    char buf[100];                                                      \
    snprintf(buf, 100, "[Camera1394::%s]: " msg, __FUNCTION__, __VA_ARGS__); \
    throw except(buf);                                                  \
  }


using namespace camera1394;

// Constructor
Camera1394::Camera1394():
  camera_(NULL)
{}

Camera1394::~Camera1394() 
{
  SafeCleanup();
}

void Camera1394::findBayerPattern(const char* bayer)
{
  // determine Bayer color encoding pattern
  // (default is different from any color filter provided by DC1394)
  BayerPattern_ = (dc1394color_filter_t) DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_NUM;
  if (0 == strcmp(bayer, "bggr"))
    {
      BayerPattern_ = DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_BGGR;
    }
  else if (0 == strcmp(bayer, "grbg"))
    {
      BayerPattern_ = DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_GRBG;
    }
  else if (0 == strcmp(bayer, "rggb"))
    {
      BayerPattern_ = DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_RGGB;
    }
  else if (0 == strcmp(bayer, "gbrg"))
    {
      BayerPattern_ = DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_GBRG;
    }
  else if (0 != strcmp(bayer, ""))
    {
      ROS_ERROR("unknown bayer pattern [%s]", bayer);
    }
}

bool Camera1394::findBayerMethod(const char* method)
{
  // Do Bayer conversion in the driver node?
  bool DoBayer = false;                 // return value
  if (0 != strcmp(method, "")
      && BayerPattern_ != DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_NUM)
    {
      DoBayer = true;                   // decoding in driver
      // add method name to message:
      ROS_WARN("[%s] Bayer decoding in the driver is DEPRECATED;"
               " image_proc decoding preferred.", method);

      // Set decoding method
      if (!strcmp(method, "DownSample"))
        BayerMethod_ = DC1394_BAYER_METHOD_DOWNSAMPLE;
      else if (!strcmp(method, "Simple"))
        BayerMethod_ = DC1394_BAYER_METHOD_SIMPLE;
      else if (!strcmp(method, "Bilinear"))
        BayerMethod_ = DC1394_BAYER_METHOD_BILINEAR;
      else if (!strcmp(method, "HQ"))
        BayerMethod_ = DC1394_BAYER_METHOD_HQLINEAR;
      else if (!strcmp(method, "VNG"))
        BayerMethod_ = DC1394_BAYER_METHOD_VNG;
      else if (!strcmp(method, "AHD"))
        BayerMethod_ = DC1394_BAYER_METHOD_AHD;
      else
        {
          ROS_ERROR("Unknown Bayer method [%s]. Using ROS image_proc instead.",
                    method);
          DoBayer = false;
        }
    }
  return DoBayer;
}

int Camera1394::open(camera1394::Camera1394Config &newconfig)
{
  // Pad GUID (if specified) with leading zeros

  const static size_t exact_guid_length = 16;
  size_t guid_length = newconfig.guid.length();
  if (guid_length != 0 && guid_length != exact_guid_length)
      {
        if (guid_length < exact_guid_length)
          {
            // pad string with leading zeros
            newconfig.guid.insert(0, exact_guid_length - guid_length, '0');
          }
        else
          {
            ROS_ERROR_STREAM_THROTTLE(3, "Invalid GUID [" << newconfig.guid
                                      << "] specified: " << guid_length
                                      << " characters long.");
          }
      }

  // First, look for the camera
      
  const char *guid = newconfig.guid.c_str();  // C-style GUID for libdc1394
  int err;
  dc1394_t *d;
  dc1394camera_list_t *list;

  // TODO: make error exit paths clean up resources properly
  d = dc1394_new ();
  if (d == NULL)
    {
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception,
                 "Could not initialize dc1394_context.\n"
                 "Make sure /dev/raw1394 exists, you have access permission,\n"
                 "and libraw1394 development package is installed.");
    }

  err = dc1394_camera_enumerate(d, &list);
  if (err != DC1394_SUCCESS)
    {
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Could not get camera list");
      return -1;
    }
  
  if (list->num == 0)
    {
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "No cameras found");
      return -1;
    }
  
  char* temp=(char*)malloc(1024*sizeof(char));
  for (unsigned i=0; i < list->num; i++)
    {
      uint32_t value[3];
      
      value[0]= list->ids[i].guid & 0xffffffff;
      value[1]= (list->ids[i].guid >>32) & 0x000000ff;
      value[2]= (list->ids[i].guid >>40) & 0xfffff;
      
      sprintf(temp,"%06x%02x%08x", value[2], value[1], value[0]);

      if (guid[0] == '\0')
        {
          // pad GUID with leading zeros in message
          ROS_INFO_STREAM("No GUID specified, using first camera found, GUID: "
                          << std::setw(16) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex
                          << list->ids[i].guid);
        }
      else
        {
          ROS_WARN("Comparing %s to %s", guid, temp);
          if (strcmp(temp, guid))
            {
              ROS_WARN("GUIDs do not match");
              continue;
            }
        }

      // Create a camera
      camera_ = dc1394_camera_new (d, list->ids[i].guid);
      if (!camera_)
        {
          ROS_WARN_STREAM("Failed to initialize camera with GUID "
                          << std::setw(16) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex
                          << list->ids[i].guid);

          SafeCleanup();
          break;
        }
      else
        {
          ROS_INFO_STREAM("Found camera with GUID "
                          << std::setw(16) << std::setfill('0') << std::hex
                          << list->ids[i].guid);

          device_id_ = std::string(temp);
          break;
        }
    }
  free (temp);
  dc1394_camera_free_list (list);
  
  if (!camera_)
    {
      if (strcmp(guid,"")==0)
        { 
          CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Could not find camera");
        }
      else
        {
          CAM_EXCEPT_ARGS(camera1394::Exception,
                          "Could not find camera with guid %s", guid);
        }
      return -1;
    }

  ROS_INFO_STREAM("camera model: " << camera_->vendor
                  << " " << camera_->model);

  // initialize camera

  // resetting some cameras is not a good idea
  if (newconfig.reset_on_open
      && DC1394_SUCCESS != dc1394_camera_reset(camera_))
    {
      // reset failed: log a warning, but continue
      ROS_WARN("Unable to reset camera (continuing).");
    }

  // first, set parameters that are common between Format7 and other modes
  if (false == Modes::setIsoSpeed(camera_, newconfig.iso_speed))
    {
      SafeCleanup();
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception,
                 "Unable to set ISO speed; is the camera plugged in?");
      return -1;
    }

  // set video mode
  videoMode_ = Modes::getVideoMode(camera_, newconfig.video_mode);
  if (DC1394_SUCCESS != dc1394_video_set_mode(camera_, videoMode_))
    {
      SafeCleanup();
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Failed to set video mode");
      return -1;
    }

  // special handling for Format7 modes

  DoBayerConversion_ = false;

  if (dc1394_is_video_mode_scalable(videoMode_) == DC1394_TRUE)
    {
      // set Format7 parameters
      if (!format7_.start(camera_, videoMode_, newconfig))
        {
          SafeCleanup();
          CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Format7 start failed");
          return -1;
        }
    }
  else
    {
      // Set frame rate and Bayer method (only valid for non-Format7 modes)
      DoBayerConversion_ = findBayerMethod(newconfig.bayer_method.c_str());
      if (!Modes::setFrameRate(camera_, videoMode_, newconfig.frame_rate))
        {
          SafeCleanup();
          CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Failed to set frame rate");
          return -1;
        }
    }

  findBayerPattern(newconfig.bayer_pattern.c_str());

  use_ros_time_ = newconfig.use_ros_time;

  // start the device streaming data

  // Set camera to use DMA, improves performance.
  if (DC1394_SUCCESS != dc1394_capture_setup(camera_, NUM_DMA_BUFFERS,
                                             DC1394_CAPTURE_FLAGS_DEFAULT))
    {
      SafeCleanup();
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Failed to open device!");
      return -1;
    }
  
  // Start transmitting camera data
  if (DC1394_SUCCESS != dc1394_video_set_transmission(camera_, DC1394_ON))
    {
      SafeCleanup();
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Failed to start device!");
      return -1;
    }

  // initialize feature settings

  // TODO: pass newconfig here and eliminate initialize() method
  features_.reset(new Features(camera_));
 
  return 0;
}


void Camera1394::SafeCleanup()
{
  if (camera_)
    {
      format7_.stop();
      dc1394_capture_stop(camera_);
      // try to power off the device (#5322):
      dc1394_camera_set_power(camera_, DC1394_OFF);
      dc1394_camera_free(camera_);
      camera_ = NULL;
    }
}


int Camera1394::close()
{
  if (camera_)
    {
      if (DC1394_SUCCESS != dc1394_video_set_transmission(camera_, DC1394_OFF)
          || DC1394_SUCCESS != dc1394_capture_stop(camera_))
        ROS_WARN("unable to stop camera");
    }

  // Free resources
  SafeCleanup();

  return 0;
}

std::string bayer_string(dc1394color_filter_t pattern, unsigned int bits)
{
  if (bits == 8)
    {
      switch (pattern)
        {
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_RGGB:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_RGGB8;
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_GBRG:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_GBRG8;
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_GRBG:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_GRBG8;
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_BGGR:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_BGGR8;
        default:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::MONO8;
        }
    }
  else if (bits == 16)
    {
      switch (pattern)
        {
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_RGGB:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_RGGB16;
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_GBRG:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_GBRG16;
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_GRBG:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_GRBG16;
        case DC1394_COLOR_FILTER_BGGR:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::BAYER_BGGR16;
        default:
          return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::MONO16;
        }
    }

  // bits should always be 8 or 16, but if not MONO8 is a good default
  return sensor_msgs::image_encodings::MONO8;
}

void Camera1394::readData(sensor_msgs::Image& image)
{
  ROS_ASSERT_MSG(camera_, "Attempt to read from camera that is not open.");

  dc1394video_frame_t * frame = NULL;
  dc1394_capture_dequeue (camera_, DC1394_CAPTURE_POLICY_WAIT, &frame);
  if (!frame)
    {
      CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Unable to capture frame");
      return;
    }
  
  uint8_t* capture_buffer;

  if (use_ros_time_)
    image.header.stamp = ros::Time::now();
  else
    image.header.stamp = ros::Time((double) frame->timestamp / 1000000.0);

  dc1394video_frame_t frame2;

  if (DoBayerConversion_)
    {
      // debayer frame into RGB8
      size_t frame2_size = (frame->size[0] * frame->size[1]
                            * 3 * sizeof(unsigned char));
      frame2.image = (unsigned char *) malloc(frame2_size);
      frame2.allocated_image_bytes = frame2_size;
      frame2.color_coding = DC1394_COLOR_CODING_RGB8;

      frame->color_filter = BayerPattern_;
      int err = dc1394_debayer_frames(frame, &frame2, BayerMethod_);
      if (err != DC1394_SUCCESS)
        {
          free(frame2.image);
          dc1394_capture_enqueue(camera_, frame);
          CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Could not convert/debayer frames");
          return;
        }

      capture_buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(frame2.image);

      image.width = frame2.size[0];
      image.height = frame2.size[1];
    }
  else
    {
      image.width = frame->size[0];
      image.height = frame->size[1];
      capture_buffer = reinterpret_cast<uint8_t *>(frame->image);
    }

  ROS_ASSERT(capture_buffer);   

  int image_size;  
  switch (videoMode_)
    {
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_160x120_YUV444:
      image.step=image.width*3;
      image_size = image.height*image.step;
      image.encoding = sensor_msgs::image_encodings::RGB8;
      image.data.resize(image_size);
      yuv::uyv2rgb(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *> (capture_buffer),
                   reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *> (&image.data[0]),
                   image.width * image.height);
      break;
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_640x480_YUV411:
      image.step=image.width*3;
      image_size = image.height*image.step;
      image.encoding = sensor_msgs::image_encodings::RGB8;
      image.data.resize(image_size);
      yuv::uyyvyy2rgb(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *> (capture_buffer),
                      reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *> (&image.data[0]),
                      image.width * image.height);
      break;
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_320x240_YUV422:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_640x480_YUV422:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_800x600_YUV422:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1024x768_YUV422:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1280x960_YUV422:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1600x1200_YUV422:
      image.step=image.width*3;
      image_size = image.height*image.step;
      image.encoding = sensor_msgs::image_encodings::RGB8;
      image.data.resize(image_size);
      yuv::uyvy2rgb(reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *> (capture_buffer),
                    reinterpret_cast<unsigned char *> (&image.data[0]),
                    image.width * image.height);
      break;
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_640x480_RGB8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_800x600_RGB8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1024x768_RGB8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1280x960_RGB8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1600x1200_RGB8:
      image.step=image.width*3;
      image_size = image.height*image.step;
      image.encoding = sensor_msgs::image_encodings::RGB8;
      image.data.resize(image_size);
      memcpy(&image.data[0], capture_buffer, image_size);
      break;
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_640x480_MONO8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_800x600_MONO8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1024x768_MONO8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1280x960_MONO8:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1600x1200_MONO8:
      if (!DoBayerConversion_)
        {
          image.step=image.width;
          image_size = image.height*image.step;
          // set Bayer encoding in ROS Image message
          image.encoding = bayer_string(BayerPattern_, 8);
          image.data.resize(image_size);
          memcpy(&image.data[0], capture_buffer, image_size);
        }
      else
        {
          image.step=image.width*3;
          image_size = image.height*image.step;
          image.encoding = sensor_msgs::image_encodings::RGB8;
          image.data.resize(image_size);
          memcpy(&image.data[0], capture_buffer, image_size);
        } 
      break;
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_640x480_MONO16:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_800x600_MONO16:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1024x768_MONO16:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1280x960_MONO16:
    case DC1394_VIDEO_MODE_1600x1200_MONO16:
      if (!DoBayerConversion_)
        {
          image.step=image.width*2;
          image_size = image.height*image.step;
          image.encoding = bayer_string(BayerPattern_, 16);
          image.is_bigendian = true;
          image.data.resize(image_size);
          memcpy(&image.data[0], capture_buffer, image_size);
        }
      else
        {
          // @todo test Bayer conversions for mono16
          image.step=image.width*3;
          image_size = image.height*image.step;
          image.encoding = sensor_msgs::image_encodings::RGB8;
          image.data.resize(image_size);
          memcpy(&image.data[0], capture_buffer, image_size);
        } 
      break;
    default:
      if (dc1394_is_video_mode_scalable(videoMode_))
        {
          format7_.unpackData(image, capture_buffer);
        }
      else
        {
          CAM_EXCEPT(camera1394::Exception, "Unknown image mode");
          return;
        }
    }
  dc1394_capture_enqueue(camera_, frame);

  if (DoBayerConversion_) 
    free(capture_buffer);
}