port_handler_linux.cpp

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/*******************************************************************************
* Copyright 2017 ROBOTIS CO., LTD.
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
*     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*******************************************************************************/

/* Author: zerom, Ryu Woon Jung (Leon) */

#if defined(__linux__)

#include <stdio.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <linux/serial.h>

#include "port_handler_linux.h"

#define LATENCY_TIMER  16  // msec (USB latency timer)
                           // You should adjust the latency timer value. From the version Ubuntu 16.04.2, the default latency timer of the usb serial is '16 msec'.
                           // When you are going to use sync / bulk read, the latency timer should be loosen.
                           // the lower latency timer value, the faster communication speed.

                           // Note:
                           // You can check its value by:
                           // $ cat /sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/ttyUSB0/latency_timer
                           //
                           // If you think that the communication is too slow, type following after plugging the usb in to change the latency timer
                           //
                           // Method 1. Type following (you should do this everytime when the usb once was plugged out or the connection was dropped)
                           // $ echo 1 | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/ttyUSB0/latency_timer
                           // $ cat /sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/ttyUSB0/latency_timer
                           //
                           // Method 2. If you want to set it as be done automatically, and don't want to do above everytime, make rules file in /etc/udev/rules.d/. For example,
                           // $ echo ACTION==\"add\", SUBSYSTEM==\"usb-serial\", DRIVER==\"ftdi_sio\", ATTR{latency_timer}=\"1\" > 99-dynamixelsdk-usb.rules
                           // $ sudo cp ./99-dynamixelsdk-usb.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
                           // $ sudo udevadm control --reload-rules
                           // $ sudo udevadm trigger --action=add
                           // $ cat /sys/bus/usb-serial/devices/ttyUSB0/latency_timer
                           //
                           // or if you have another good idea that can be an alternatives,
                           // please give us advice via github issue https://github.com/ROBOTIS-GIT/DynamixelSDK/issues

struct termios2 {
  tcflag_t c_iflag;       /* input mode flags */
  tcflag_t c_oflag;       /* output mode flags */
  tcflag_t c_cflag;       /* control mode flags */
  tcflag_t c_lflag;       /* local mode flags */
  cc_t c_line;            /* line discipline */
  cc_t c_cc[19];          /* control characters */
  speed_t c_ispeed;       /* input speed */
  speed_t c_ospeed;       /* output speed */
};

#ifndef TCGETS2
#define TCGETS2     _IOR('T', 0x2A, struct termios2)
#endif
#ifndef TCSETS2
#define TCSETS2     _IOW('T', 0x2B, struct termios2)
#endif
#ifndef BOTHER
#define BOTHER      0010000
#endif

using namespace dynamixel;

PortHandlerLinux::PortHandlerLinux(const char *port_name)
  : socket_fd_(-1),
    baudrate_(DEFAULT_BAUDRATE_),
    packet_start_time_(0.0),
    packet_timeout_(0.0),
    tx_time_per_byte(0.0)
{
  is_using_ = false;
  setPortName(port_name);
}

bool PortHandlerLinux::openPort()
{
  return setBaudRate(baudrate_);
}

void PortHandlerLinux::closePort()
{
  if(socket_fd_ != -1)
    close(socket_fd_);
  socket_fd_ = -1;
}

void PortHandlerLinux::clearPort()
{
  tcflush(socket_fd_, TCIFLUSH);
}

void PortHandlerLinux::setPortName(const char *port_name)
{
  strcpy(port_name_, port_name);
}

char *PortHandlerLinux::getPortName()
{
  return port_name_;
}

// TODO: baud number ??
bool PortHandlerLinux::setBaudRate(const int baudrate)
{
  int baud = getCFlagBaud(baudrate);

  closePort();

  if(baud <= 0)   // custom baudrate
  {
    setupPort(B38400);
    baudrate_ = baudrate;
    return setCustomBaudrate(baudrate);
  }
  else
  {
    baudrate_ = baudrate;
    return setupPort(baud);
  }
}

int PortHandlerLinux::getBaudRate()
{
  return baudrate_;
}

int PortHandlerLinux::getBytesAvailable()
{
  int bytes_available;
  ioctl(socket_fd_, FIONREAD, &bytes_available);
  return bytes_available;
}

int PortHandlerLinux::readPort(uint8_t *packet, int length)
{
  return read(socket_fd_, packet, length);
}

int PortHandlerLinux::writePort(uint8_t *packet, int length)
{
  return write(socket_fd_, packet, length);
}

void PortHandlerLinux::setPacketTimeout(uint16_t packet_length)
{
  packet_start_time_  = getCurrentTime();
  packet_timeout_     = (tx_time_per_byte * (double)packet_length) + (LATENCY_TIMER * 2.0) + 2.0;
}

void PortHandlerLinux::setPacketTimeout(double msec)
{
  packet_start_time_  = getCurrentTime();
  packet_timeout_     = msec;
}

bool PortHandlerLinux::isPacketTimeout()
{
  if(getTimeSinceStart() > packet_timeout_)
  {
    packet_timeout_ = 0;
    return true;
  }
  return false;
}

double PortHandlerLinux::getCurrentTime()
{
        struct timespec tv;
        clock_gettime(CLOCK_REALTIME, &tv);
        return ((double)tv.tv_sec * 1000.0 + (double)tv.tv_nsec * 0.001 * 0.001);
}

double PortHandlerLinux::getTimeSinceStart()
{
  double time;

  time = getCurrentTime() - packet_start_time_;
  if(time < 0.0)
    packet_start_time_ = getCurrentTime();

  return time;
}

bool PortHandlerLinux::setupPort(int cflag_baud)
{
  struct termios newtio;

  socket_fd_ = open(port_name_, O_RDWR|O_NOCTTY|O_NONBLOCK);
  if(socket_fd_ < 0)
  {
    printf("[PortHandlerLinux::SetupPort] Error opening serial port!\n");
    return false;
  }

  bzero(&newtio, sizeof(newtio)); // clear struct for new port settings

  newtio.c_cflag = cflag_baud | CS8 | CLOCAL | CREAD;
  newtio.c_iflag = IGNPAR;
  newtio.c_oflag      = 0;
  newtio.c_lflag      = 0;
  newtio.c_cc[VTIME]  = 0;
  newtio.c_cc[VMIN]   = 0;

  // clean the buffer and activate the settings for the port
  tcflush(socket_fd_, TCIFLUSH);
  tcsetattr(socket_fd_, TCSANOW, &newtio);

  tx_time_per_byte = (1000.0 / (double)baudrate_) * 10.0;
  return true;
}

bool PortHandlerLinux::setCustomBaudrate(int speed)
{
  struct termios2 options;

  if (ioctl(socket_fd_, TCGETS2, &options) != 01)
  {
    options.c_cflag &= ~CBAUD;
    options.c_cflag |= BOTHER;
    options.c_ispeed = speed;
    options.c_ospeed = speed;

    if (ioctl(socket_fd_, TCSETS2, &options) != -1)
      return true;
  }

  // try to set a custom divisor
  struct serial_struct ss;
  if(ioctl(socket_fd_, TIOCGSERIAL, &ss) != 0)
  {
    printf("[PortHandlerLinux::SetCustomBaudrate] TIOCGSERIAL failed!\n");
    return false;
  }

  ss.flags = (ss.flags & ~ASYNC_SPD_MASK) | ASYNC_SPD_CUST;
  ss.custom_divisor = (ss.baud_base + (speed / 2)) / speed;
  int closest_speed = ss.baud_base / ss.custom_divisor;

  if(closest_speed < speed * 98 / 100 || closest_speed > speed * 102 / 100)
  {
    printf("[PortHandlerLinux::SetCustomBaudrate] Cannot set speed to %d, closest is %d \n", speed, closest_speed);
    return false;
  }

  if(ioctl(socket_fd_, TIOCSSERIAL, &ss) < 0)
  {
    printf("[PortHandlerLinux::SetCustomBaudrate] TIOCSSERIAL failed!\n");
    return false;
  }

  tx_time_per_byte = (1000.0 / (double)speed) * 10.0;
  return true;
}

int PortHandlerLinux::getCFlagBaud(int baudrate)
{
  switch(baudrate)
  {
    case 9600:
      return B9600;
    case 19200:
      return B19200;
    case 38400:
      return B38400;
    case 57600:
      return B57600;
    case 115200:
      return B115200;
    case 230400:
      return B230400;
    case 460800:
      return B460800;
    case 500000:
      return B500000;
    case 576000:
      return B576000;
    case 921600:
      return B921600;
    case 1000000:
      return B1000000;
    case 1152000:
      return B1152000;
    case 1500000:
      return B1500000;
    case 2000000:
      return B2000000;
    case 2500000:
      return B2500000;
    case 3000000:
      return B3000000;
    case 3500000:
      return B3500000;
    case 4000000:
      return B4000000;
    default:
      return -1;
  }
}

#endif