triangle.cpp
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00001 /*****************************************************************************/
00002 /*                                                                           */
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00008 /*         888    888    888  "88o^888 888  888 Cb      888  "88oooo"        */
00009 /*                                              "8oo8D                       */
00010 /*                                                                           */
00011 /*  A Two-Dimensional Quality Mesh Generator and Delaunay Triangulator.      */
00012 /*  (triangle.c)                                                             */
00013 /*                                                                           */
00014 /*  Version 1.6                                                              */
00015 /*  July 28, 2005                                                            */
00016 /*                                                                           */
00017 /*  Copyright 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2002, 2005                             */
00018 /*  Jonathan Richard Shewchuk                                                */
00019 /*  2360 Woolsey #H                                                          */
00020 /*  Berkeley, California  94705-1927                                         */
00021 /*  jrs@cs.berkeley.edu                                                      */
00022 /*                                                                           */
00023 /*  Modified by Andreas Geiger, 2010                                         */
00024 /*                                                                           */
00025 /*  This program may be freely redistributed under the condition that the    */
00026 /*    copyright notices (including this entire header and the copyright      */
00027 /*    notice printed when the `-h' switch is selected) are not removed, and  */
00028 /*    no compensation is received.  Private, research, and institutional     */
00029 /*    use is free.  You may distribute modified versions of this code UNDER  */
00030 /*    THE CONDITION THAT THIS CODE AND ANY MODIFICATIONS MADE TO IT IN THE   */
00031 /*    SAME FILE REMAIN UNDER COPYRIGHT OF THE ORIGINAL AUTHOR, BOTH SOURCE   */
00032 /*    AND OBJECT CODE ARE MADE FREELY AVAILABLE WITHOUT CHARGE, AND CLEAR    */
00033 /*    NOTICE IS GIVEN OF THE MODIFICATIONS.  Distribution of this code as    */
00034 /*    part of a commercial system is permissible ONLY BY DIRECT ARRANGEMENT  */
00035 /*    WITH THE AUTHOR.  (If you are not directly supplying this code to a    */
00036 /*    customer, and you are instead telling them how they can obtain it for  */
00037 /*    free, then you are not required to make any arrangement with me.)      */
00038 /*                                                                           */
00039 /*  Hypertext instructions for Triangle are available on the Web at          */
00040 /*                                                                           */
00041 /*      http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~quake/triangle.html                           */
00042 /*                                                                           */
00043 /*  Disclaimer:  Neither I nor Carnegie Mellon warrant this code in any way  */
00044 /*    whatsoever.  This code is provided "as-is".  Use at your own risk.     */
00045 /*                                                                           */
00046 /*  Some of the references listed below are marked with an asterisk.  [*]    */
00047 /*    These references are available for downloading from the Web page       */
00048 /*                                                                           */
00049 /*      http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~quake/triangle.research.html                  */
00050 /*                                                                           */
00051 /*  Three papers discussing aspects of Triangle are available.  A short      */
00052 /*    overview appears in "Triangle:  Engineering a 2D Quality Mesh          */
00053 /*    Generator and Delaunay Triangulator," in Applied Computational         */
00054 /*    Geometry:  Towards Geometric Engineering, Ming C. Lin and Dinesh       */
00055 /*    Manocha, editors, Lecture Notes in Computer Science volume 1148,       */
00056 /*    pages 203-222, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, May 1996 (from the First ACM   */
00057 /*    Workshop on Applied Computational Geometry).  [*]                      */
00058 /*                                                                           */
00059 /*    The algorithms are discussed in the greatest detail in "Delaunay       */
00060 /*    Refinement Algorithms for Triangular Mesh Generation," Computational   */
00061 /*    Geometry:  Theory and Applications 22(1-3):21-74, May 2002.  [*]       */
00062 /*                                                                           */
00063 /*    More detail about the data structures may be found in my dissertation: */
00064 /*    "Delaunay Refinement Mesh Generation," Ph.D. thesis, Technical Report  */
00065 /*    CMU-CS-97-137, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, */
00066 /*    Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 18 May 1997.  [*]                            */
00067 /*                                                                           */
00068 /*  Triangle was created as part of the Quake Project in the School of       */
00069 /*    Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University.  For further           */
00070 /*    information, see Hesheng Bao, Jacobo Bielak, Omar Ghattas, Loukas F.   */
00071 /*    Kallivokas, David R. O'Hallaron, Jonathan R. Shewchuk, and Jifeng Xu,  */
00072 /*    "Large-scale Simulation of Elastic Wave Propagation in Heterogeneous   */
00073 /*    Media on Parallel Computers," Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics    */
00074 /*    and Engineering 152(1-2):85-102, 22 January 1998.                      */
00075 /*                                                                           */
00076 /*  Triangle's Delaunay refinement algorithm for quality mesh generation is  */
00077 /*    a hybrid of one due to Jim Ruppert, "A Delaunay Refinement Algorithm   */
00078 /*    for Quality 2-Dimensional Mesh Generation," Journal of Algorithms      */
00079 /*    18(3):548-585, May 1995 [*], and one due to L. Paul Chew, "Guaranteed- */
00080 /*    Quality Mesh Generation for Curved Surfaces," Proceedings of the Ninth */
00081 /*    Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry (San Diego, California),    */
00082 /*    pages 274-280, Association for Computing Machinery, May 1993,          */
00083 /*    http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=161150 .                         */
00084 /*                                                                           */
00085 /*  The Delaunay refinement algorithm has been modified so that it meshes    */
00086 /*    domains with small input angles well, as described in Gary L. Miller,  */
00087 /*    Steven E. Pav, and Noel J. Walkington, "When and Why Ruppert's         */
00088 /*    Algorithm Works," Twelfth International Meshing Roundtable, pages      */
00089 /*    91-102, Sandia National Laboratories, September 2003.  [*]             */
00090 /*                                                                           */
00091 /*  My implementation of the divide-and-conquer and incremental Delaunay     */
00092 /*    triangulation algorithms follows closely the presentation of Guibas    */
00093 /*    and Stolfi, even though I use a triangle-based data structure instead  */
00094 /*    of their quad-edge data structure.  (In fact, I originally implemented */
00095 /*    Triangle using the quad-edge data structure, but the switch to a       */
00096 /*    triangle-based data structure sped Triangle by a factor of two.)  The  */
00097 /*    mesh manipulation primitives and the two aforementioned Delaunay       */
00098 /*    triangulation algorithms are described by Leonidas J. Guibas and Jorge */
00099 /*    Stolfi, "Primitives for the Manipulation of General Subdivisions and   */
00100 /*    the Computation of Voronoi Diagrams," ACM Transactions on Graphics     */
00101 /*    4(2):74-123, April 1985, http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=282923 .*/
00102 /*                                                                           */
00103 /*  Their O(n log n) divide-and-conquer algorithm is adapted from Der-Tsai   */
00104 /*    Lee and Bruce J. Schachter, "Two Algorithms for Constructing the       */
00105 /*    Delaunay Triangulation," International Journal of Computer and         */
00106 /*    Information Science 9(3):219-242, 1980.  Triangle's improvement of the */
00107 /*    divide-and-conquer algorithm by alternating between vertical and       */
00108 /*    horizontal cuts was introduced by Rex A. Dwyer, "A Faster Divide-and-  */
00109 /*    Conquer Algorithm for Constructing Delaunay Triangulations,"           */
00110 /*    Algorithmica 2(2):137-151, 1987.                                       */
00111 /*                                                                           */
00112 /*  The incremental insertion algorithm was first proposed by C. L. Lawson,  */
00113 /*    "Software for C1 Surface Interpolation," in Mathematical Software III, */
00114 /*    John R. Rice, editor, Academic Press, New York, pp. 161-194, 1977.     */
00115 /*    For point location, I use the algorithm of Ernst P. Mucke, Isaac       */
00116 /*    Saias, and Binhai Zhu, "Fast Randomized Point Location Without         */
00117 /*    Preprocessing in Two- and Three-Dimensional Delaunay Triangulations,"  */
00118 /*    Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry, */
00119 /*    ACM, May 1996.  [*]  If I were to randomize the order of vertex        */
00120 /*    insertion (I currently don't bother), their result combined with the   */
00121 /*    result of Kenneth L. Clarkson and Peter W. Shor, "Applications of      */
00122 /*    Random Sampling in Computational Geometry II," Discrete &              */
00123 /*    Computational Geometry 4(1):387-421, 1989, would yield an expected     */
00124 /*    O(n^{4/3}) bound on running time.                                      */
00125 /*                                                                           */
00126 /*  The O(n log n) sweepline Delaunay triangulation algorithm is taken from  */
00127 /*    Steven Fortune, "A Sweepline Algorithm for Voronoi Diagrams",          */
00128 /*    Algorithmica 2(2):153-174, 1987.  A random sample of edges on the      */
00129 /*    boundary of the triangulation are maintained in a splay tree for the   */
00130 /*    purpose of point location.  Splay trees are described by Daniel        */
00131 /*    Dominic Sleator and Robert Endre Tarjan, "Self-Adjusting Binary Search */
00132 /*    Trees," Journal of the ACM 32(3):652-686, July 1985,                   */
00133 /*    http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=3835 .                           */
00134 /*                                                                           */
00135 /*  The algorithms for exact computation of the signs of determinants are    */
00136 /*    described in Jonathan Richard Shewchuk, "Adaptive Precision Floating-  */
00137 /*    Point Arithmetic and Fast Robust Geometric Predicates," Discrete &     */
00138 /*    Computational Geometry 18(3):305-363, October 1997.  (Also available   */
00139 /*    as Technical Report CMU-CS-96-140, School of Computer Science,         */
00140 /*    Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, May 1996.)  [*]  */
00141 /*    An abbreviated version appears as Jonathan Richard Shewchuk, "Robust   */
00142 /*    Adaptive Floating-Point Geometric Predicates," Proceedings of the      */
00143 /*    Twelfth Annual Symposium on Computational Geometry, ACM, May 1996. [*] */
00144 /*    Many of the ideas for my exact arithmetic routines originate with      */
00145 /*    Douglas M. Priest, "Algorithms for Arbitrary Precision Floating Point  */
00146 /*    Arithmetic," Tenth Symposium on Computer Arithmetic, pp. 132-143, IEEE */
00147 /*    Computer Society Press, 1991.  [*]  Many of the ideas for the correct  */
00148 /*    evaluation of the signs of determinants are taken from Steven Fortune  */
00149 /*    and Christopher J. Van Wyk, "Efficient Exact Arithmetic for Computa-   */
00150 /*    tional Geometry," Proceedings of the Ninth Annual Symposium on         */
00151 /*    Computational Geometry, ACM, pp. 163-172, May 1993, and from Steven    */
00152 /*    Fortune, "Numerical Stability of Algorithms for 2D Delaunay Triangu-   */
00153 /*    lations," International Journal of Computational Geometry & Applica-   */
00154 /*    tions 5(1-2):193-213, March-June 1995.                                 */
00155 /*                                                                           */
00156 /*  The method of inserting new vertices off-center (not precisely at the    */
00157 /*    circumcenter of every poor-quality triangle) is from Alper Ungor,      */
00158 /*    "Off-centers:  A New Type of Steiner Points for Computing Size-Optimal */
00159 /*    Quality-Guaranteed Delaunay Triangulations," Proceedings of LATIN      */
00160 /*    2004 (Buenos Aires, Argentina), April 2004.                            */
00161 /*                                                                           */
00162 /*  For definitions of and results involving Delaunay triangulations,        */
00163 /*    constrained and conforming versions thereof, and other aspects of      */
00164 /*    triangular mesh generation, see the excellent survey by Marshall Bern  */
00165 /*    and David Eppstein, "Mesh Generation and Optimal Triangulation," in    */
00166 /*    Computing and Euclidean Geometry, Ding-Zhu Du and Frank Hwang,         */
00167 /*    editors, World Scientific, Singapore, pp. 23-90, 1992.  [*]            */
00168 /*                                                                           */
00169 /*  The time for incrementally adding PSLG (planar straight line graph)      */
00170 /*    segments to create a constrained Delaunay triangulation is probably    */
00171 /*    O(t^2) per segment in the worst case and O(t) per segment in the       */
00172 /*    common case, where t is the number of triangles that intersect the     */
00173 /*    segment before it is inserted.  This doesn't count point location,     */
00174 /*    which can be much more expensive.  I could improve this to O(d log d)  */
00175 /*    time, but d is usually quite small, so it's not worth the bother.      */
00176 /*    (This note does not apply when the -s switch is used, invoking a       */
00177 /*    different method is used to insert segments.)                          */
00178 /*                                                                           */
00179 /*  The time for deleting a vertex from a Delaunay triangulation is O(d^2)   */
00180 /*    in the worst case and O(d) in the common case, where d is the degree   */
00181 /*    of the vertex being deleted.  I could improve this to O(d log d) time, */
00182 /*    but d is usually quite small, so it's not worth the bother.            */
00183 /*                                                                           */
00184 /*  Ruppert's Delaunay refinement algorithm typically generates triangles    */
00185 /*    at a linear rate (constant time per triangle) after the initial        */
00186 /*    triangulation is formed.  There may be pathological cases where        */
00187 /*    quadratic time is required, but these never arise in practice.         */
00188 /*                                                                           */
00189 /*  The geometric predicates (circumcenter calculations, segment             */
00190 /*    intersection formulae, etc.) appear in my "Lecture Notes on Geometric  */
00191 /*    Robustness" at http://www.cs.berkeley.edu/~jrs/mesh .                  */
00192 /*                                                                           */
00193 /*  If you make any improvements to this code, please please please let me   */
00194 /*    know, so that I may obtain the improvements.  Even if you don't change */
00195 /*    the code, I'd still love to hear what it's being used for.             */
00196 /*                                                                           */
00197 /*****************************************************************************/
00198 
00199 /* Maximum number of characters in a file name (including the null).         */
00200 
00201 #define FILENAMESIZE 2048
00202 
00203 /* Maximum number of characters in a line read from a file (including the    */
00204 /*   null).                                                                  */
00205 
00206 #define INPUTLINESIZE 1024
00207 
00208 /* For efficiency, a variety of data structures are allocated in bulk.  The  */
00209 /*   following constants determine how many of each structure is allocated   */
00210 /*   at once.                                                                */
00211 
00212 #define TRIPERBLOCK 4092           /* Number of triangles allocated at once. */
00213 #define SUBSEGPERBLOCK 508       /* Number of subsegments allocated at once. */
00214 #define VERTEXPERBLOCK 4092         /* Number of vertices allocated at once. */
00215 #define VIRUSPERBLOCK 1020   /* Number of virus triangles allocated at once. */
00216 #define BADSUBSEGPERBLOCK 252 /* Number of encroached subsegments allocated at once. */
00217 #define BADTRIPERBLOCK 4092 /* Number of skinny triangles allocated at once. */
00218 #define FLIPSTACKERPERBLOCK 252 /* Number of flipped triangles allocated at once. */
00219 #define SPLAYNODEPERBLOCK 508 /* Number of splay tree nodes allocated at once. */
00220 
00221 /* The vertex types.   A DEADVERTEX has been deleted entirely.  An           */
00222 /*   UNDEADVERTEX is not part of the mesh, but is written to the output      */
00223 /*   .node file and affects the node indexing in the other output files.     */
00224 
00225 #define INPUTVERTEX 0
00226 #define SEGMENTVERTEX 1
00227 #define FREEVERTEX 2
00228 #define DEADVERTEX -32768
00229 #define UNDEADVERTEX -32767
00230 
00231 /* Two constants for algorithms based on random sampling.  Both constants    */
00232 /*   have been chosen empirically to optimize their respective algorithms.   */
00233 
00234 /* Used for the point location scheme of Mucke, Saias, and Zhu, to decide    */
00235 /*   how large a random sample of triangles to inspect.                      */
00236 
00237 #define SAMPLEFACTOR 11
00238 
00239 /* Used in Fortune's sweepline Delaunay algorithm to determine what fraction */
00240 /*   of boundary edges should be maintained in the splay tree for point      */
00241 /*   location on the front.                                                  */
00242 
00243 #define SAMPLERATE 10
00244 
00245 /* A number that speaks for itself, every kissable digit.                    */
00246 
00247 #define PI 3.141592653589793238462643383279502884197169399375105820974944592308
00248 
00249 /* Another fave.                                                             */
00250 
00251 #define SQUAREROOTTWO 1.4142135623730950488016887242096980785696718753769480732
00252 
00253 /* And here's one for those of you who are intimidated by math.              */
00254 
00255 #define ONETHIRD 0.333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333333
00256 
00257 #include <stdio.h>
00258 #include <stdlib.h>
00259 #include <string.h>
00260 #include <math.h>
00261 
00262 #include "triangle.h"
00263 
00264 /* Labels that signify the result of point location.  The result of a        */
00265 /*   search indicates that the point falls in the interior of a triangle, on */
00266 /*   an edge, on a vertex, or outside the mesh.                              */
00267 
00268 enum locateresult {INTRIANGLE, ONEDGE, ONVERTEX, OUTSIDE};
00269 
00270 /* Labels that signify the result of vertex insertion.  The result indicates */
00271 /*   that the vertex was inserted with complete success, was inserted but    */
00272 /*   encroaches upon a subsegment, was not inserted because it lies on a     */
00273 /*   segment, or was not inserted because another vertex occupies the same   */
00274 /*   location.                                                               */
00275 
00276 enum insertvertexresult {SUCCESSFULVERTEX, ENCROACHINGVERTEX, VIOLATINGVERTEX,
00277                          DUPLICATEVERTEX};
00278 
00279 /* Labels that signify the result of direction finding.  The result          */
00280 /*   indicates that a segment connecting the two query points falls within   */
00281 /*   the direction triangle, along the left edge of the direction triangle,  */
00282 /*   or along the right edge of the direction triangle.                      */
00283 
00284 enum finddirectionresult {WITHIN, LEFTCOLLINEAR, RIGHTCOLLINEAR};
00285 
00286 /*****************************************************************************/
00287 /*                                                                           */
00288 /*  The basic mesh data structures                                           */
00289 /*                                                                           */
00290 /*  There are three:  vertices, triangles, and subsegments (abbreviated      */
00291 /*  `subseg').  These three data structures, linked by pointers, comprise    */
00292 /*  the mesh.  A vertex simply represents a mesh vertex and its properties.  */
00293 /*  A triangle is a triangle.  A subsegment is a special data structure used */
00294 /*  to represent an impenetrable edge of the mesh (perhaps on the outer      */
00295 /*  boundary, on the boundary of a hole, or part of an internal boundary     */
00296 /*  separating two triangulated regions).  Subsegments represent boundaries, */
00297 /*  defined by the user, that triangles may not lie across.                  */
00298 /*                                                                           */
00299 /*  A triangle consists of a list of three vertices, a list of three         */
00300 /*  adjoining triangles, a list of three adjoining subsegments (when         */
00301 /*  segments exist), an arbitrary number of optional user-defined            */
00302 /*  floating-point attributes, and an optional area constraint.  The latter  */
00303 /*  is an upper bound on the permissible area of each triangle in a region,  */
00304 /*  used for mesh refinement.                                                */
00305 /*                                                                           */
00306 /*  For a triangle on a boundary of the mesh, some or all of the neighboring */
00307 /*  triangles may not be present.  For a triangle in the interior of the     */
00308 /*  mesh, often no neighboring subsegments are present.  Such absent         */
00309 /*  triangles and subsegments are never represented by NULL pointers; they   */
00310 /*  are represented by two special records:  `dummytri', the triangle that   */
00311 /*  fills "outer space", and `dummysub', the omnipresent subsegment.         */
00312 /*  `dummytri' and `dummysub' are used for several reasons; for instance,    */
00313 /*  they can be dereferenced and their contents examined without violating   */
00314 /*  protected memory.                                                        */
00315 /*                                                                           */
00316 /*  However, it is important to understand that a triangle includes other    */
00317 /*  information as well.  The pointers to adjoining vertices, triangles, and */
00318 /*  subsegments are ordered in a way that indicates their geometric relation */
00319 /*  to each other.  Furthermore, each of these pointers contains orientation */
00320 /*  information.  Each pointer to an adjoining triangle indicates which face */
00321 /*  of that triangle is contacted.  Similarly, each pointer to an adjoining  */
00322 /*  subsegment indicates which side of that subsegment is contacted, and how */
00323 /*  the subsegment is oriented relative to the triangle.                     */
00324 /*                                                                           */
00325 /*  The data structure representing a subsegment may be thought to be        */
00326 /*  abutting the edge of one or two triangle data structures:  either        */
00327 /*  sandwiched between two triangles, or resting against one triangle on an  */
00328 /*  exterior boundary or hole boundary.                                      */
00329 /*                                                                           */
00330 /*  A subsegment consists of a list of four vertices--the vertices of the    */
00331 /*  subsegment, and the vertices of the segment it is a part of--a list of   */
00332 /*  two adjoining subsegments, and a list of two adjoining triangles.  One   */
00333 /*  of the two adjoining triangles may not be present (though there should   */
00334 /*  always be one), and neighboring subsegments might not be present.        */
00335 /*  Subsegments also store a user-defined integer "boundary marker".         */
00336 /*  Typically, this integer is used to indicate what boundary conditions are */
00337 /*  to be applied at that location in a finite element simulation.           */
00338 /*                                                                           */
00339 /*  Like triangles, subsegments maintain information about the relative      */
00340 /*  orientation of neighboring objects.                                      */
00341 /*                                                                           */
00342 /*  Vertices are relatively simple.  A vertex is a list of floating-point    */
00343 /*  numbers, starting with the x, and y coordinates, followed by an          */
00344 /*  arbitrary number of optional user-defined floating-point attributes,     */
00345 /*  followed by an integer boundary marker.  During the segment insertion    */
00346 /*  phase, there is also a pointer from each vertex to a triangle that may   */
00347 /*  contain it.  Each pointer is not always correct, but when one is, it     */
00348 /*  speeds up segment insertion.  These pointers are assigned values once    */
00349 /*  at the beginning of the segment insertion phase, and are not used or     */
00350 /*  updated except during this phase.  Edge flipping during segment          */
00351 /*  insertion will render some of them incorrect.  Hence, don't rely upon    */
00352 /*  them for anything.                                                       */
00353 /*                                                                           */
00354 /*  Other than the exception mentioned above, vertices have no information   */
00355 /*  about what triangles, subfacets, or subsegments they are linked to.      */
00356 /*                                                                           */
00357 /*****************************************************************************/
00358 
00359 /*****************************************************************************/
00360 /*                                                                           */
00361 /*  Handles                                                                  */
00362 /*                                                                           */
00363 /*  The oriented triangle (`otri') and oriented subsegment (`osub') data     */
00364 /*  structures defined below do not themselves store any part of the mesh.   */
00365 /*  The mesh itself is made of `triangle's, `subseg's, and `vertex's.        */
00366 /*                                                                           */
00367 /*  Oriented triangles and oriented subsegments will usually be referred to  */
00368 /*  as "handles."  A handle is essentially a pointer into the mesh; it       */
00369 /*  allows you to "hold" one particular part of the mesh.  Handles are used  */
00370 /*  to specify the regions in which one is traversing and modifying the mesh.*/
00371 /*  A single `triangle' may be held by many handles, or none at all.  (The   */
00372 /*  latter case is not a memory leak, because the triangle is still          */
00373 /*  connected to other triangles in the mesh.)                               */
00374 /*                                                                           */
00375 /*  An `otri' is a handle that holds a triangle.  It holds a specific edge   */
00376 /*  of the triangle.  An `osub' is a handle that holds a subsegment.  It     */
00377 /*  holds either the left or right side of the subsegment.                   */
00378 /*                                                                           */
00379 /*  Navigation about the mesh is accomplished through a set of mesh          */
00380 /*  manipulation primitives, further below.  Many of these primitives take   */
00381 /*  a handle and produce a new handle that holds the mesh near the first     */
00382 /*  handle.  Other primitives take two handles and glue the corresponding    */
00383 /*  parts of the mesh together.  The orientation of the handles is           */
00384 /*  important.  For instance, when two triangles are glued together by the   */
00385 /*  bond() primitive, they are glued at the edges on which the handles lie.  */
00386 /*                                                                           */
00387 /*  Because vertices have no information about which triangles they are      */
00388 /*  attached to, I commonly represent a vertex by use of a handle whose      */
00389 /*  origin is the vertex.  A single handle can simultaneously represent a    */
00390 /*  triangle, an edge, and a vertex.                                         */
00391 /*                                                                           */
00392 /*****************************************************************************/
00393 
00394 /* The triangle data structure.  Each triangle contains three pointers to    */
00395 /*   adjoining triangles, plus three pointers to vertices, plus three        */
00396 /*   pointers to subsegments (declared below; these pointers are usually     */
00397 /*   `dummysub').  It may or may not also contain user-defined attributes    */
00398 /*   and/or a floating-point "area constraint."  It may also contain extra   */
00399 /*   pointers for nodes, when the user asks for high-order elements.         */
00400 /*   Because the size and structure of a `triangle' is not decided until     */
00401 /*   runtime, I haven't simply declared the type `triangle' as a struct.     */
00402 
00403 typedef float **triangle;            /* Really:  typedef triangle *triangle   */
00404 
00405 /* An oriented triangle:  includes a pointer to a triangle and orientation.  */
00406 /*   The orientation denotes an edge of the triangle.  Hence, there are      */
00407 /*   three possible orientations.  By convention, each edge always points    */
00408 /*   counterclockwise about the corresponding triangle.                      */
00409 
00410 struct otri {
00411   triangle *tri;
00412   int orient;                                         /* Ranges from 0 to 2. */
00413 };
00414 
00415 /* The subsegment data structure.  Each subsegment contains two pointers to  */
00416 /*   adjoining subsegments, plus four pointers to vertices, plus two         */
00417 /*   pointers to adjoining triangles, plus one boundary marker, plus one     */
00418 /*   segment number.                                                         */
00419 
00420 typedef float **subseg;                  /* Really:  typedef subseg *subseg   */
00421 
00422 /* An oriented subsegment:  includes a pointer to a subsegment and an        */
00423 /*   orientation.  The orientation denotes a side of the edge.  Hence, there */
00424 /*   are two possible orientations.  By convention, the edge is always       */
00425 /*   directed so that the "side" denoted is the right side of the edge.      */
00426 
00427 struct osub {
00428   subseg *ss;
00429   int ssorient;                                       /* Ranges from 0 to 1. */
00430 };
00431 
00432 /* The vertex data structure.  Each vertex is actually an array of floats.    */
00433 /*   The number of floats is unknown until runtime.  An integer boundary      */
00434 /*   marker, and sometimes a pointer to a triangle, is appended after the    */
00435 /*   floats.                                                                  */
00436 
00437 typedef float *vertex;
00438 
00439 /* A queue used to store encroached subsegments.  Each subsegment's vertices */
00440 /*   are stored so that we can check whether a subsegment is still the same. */
00441 
00442 struct badsubseg {
00443   subseg encsubseg;                             /* An encroached subsegment. */
00444   vertex subsegorg, subsegdest;                         /* Its two vertices. */
00445 };
00446 
00447 /* A queue used to store bad triangles.  The key is the square of the cosine */
00448 /*   of the smallest angle of the triangle.  Each triangle's vertices are    */
00449 /*   stored so that one can check whether a triangle is still the same.      */
00450 
00451 struct badtriang {
00452   triangle poortri;                       /* A skinny or too-large triangle. */
00453   float key;                             /* cos^2 of smallest (apical) angle. */
00454   vertex triangorg, triangdest, triangapex;           /* Its three vertices. */
00455   struct badtriang *nexttriang;             /* Pointer to next bad triangle. */
00456 };
00457 
00458 /* A stack of triangles flipped during the most recent vertex insertion.     */
00459 /*   The stack is used to undo the vertex insertion if the vertex encroaches */
00460 /*   upon a subsegment.                                                      */
00461 
00462 struct flipstacker {
00463   triangle flippedtri;                       /* A recently flipped triangle. */
00464   struct flipstacker *prevflip;               /* Previous flip in the stack. */
00465 };
00466 
00467 /* A node in a heap used to store events for the sweepline Delaunay          */
00468 /*   algorithm.  Nodes do not point directly to their parents or children in */
00469 /*   the heap.  Instead, each node knows its position in the heap, and can   */
00470 /*   look up its parent and children in a separate array.  The `eventptr'    */
00471 /*   points either to a `vertex' or to a triangle (in encoded format, so     */
00472 /*   that an orientation is included).  In the latter case, the origin of    */
00473 /*   the oriented triangle is the apex of a "circle event" of the sweepline  */
00474 /*   algorithm.  To distinguish site events from circle events, all circle   */
00475 /*   events are given an invalid (smaller than `xmin') x-coordinate `xkey'.  */
00476 
00477 struct event {
00478   float xkey, ykey;                              /* Coordinates of the event. */
00479   int *eventptr;      /* Can be a vertex or the location of a circle event. */
00480   int heapposition;              /* Marks this event's position in the heap. */
00481 };
00482 
00483 /* A node in the splay tree.  Each node holds an oriented ghost triangle     */
00484 /*   that represents a boundary edge of the growing triangulation.  When a   */
00485 /*   circle event covers two boundary edges with a triangle, so that they    */
00486 /*   are no longer boundary edges, those edges are not immediately deleted   */
00487 /*   from the tree; rather, they are lazily deleted when they are next       */
00488 /*   encountered.  (Since only a random sample of boundary edges are kept    */
00489 /*   in the tree, lazy deletion is faster.)  `keydest' is used to verify     */
00490 /*   that a triangle is still the same as when it entered the splay tree; if */
00491 /*   it has been rotated (due to a circle event), it no longer represents a  */
00492 /*   boundary edge and should be deleted.                                    */
00493 
00494 struct splaynode {
00495   struct otri keyedge;                     /* Lprev of an edge on the front. */
00496   vertex keydest;           /* Used to verify that splay node is still live. */
00497   struct splaynode *lchild, *rchild;              /* Children in splay tree. */
00498 };
00499 
00500 /* A type used to allocate memory.  firstblock is the first block of items.  */
00501 /*   nowblock is the block from which items are currently being allocated.   */
00502 /*   nextitem points to the next slab of free memory for an item.            */
00503 /*   deaditemstack is the head of a linked list (stack) of deallocated items */
00504 /*   that can be recycled.  unallocateditems is the number of items that     */
00505 /*   remain to be allocated from nowblock.                                   */
00506 /*                                                                           */
00507 /* Traversal is the process of walking through the entire list of items, and */
00508 /*   is separate from allocation.  Note that a traversal will visit items on */
00509 /*   the "deaditemstack" stack as well as live items.  pathblock points to   */
00510 /*   the block currently being traversed.  pathitem points to the next item  */
00511 /*   to be traversed.  pathitemsleft is the number of items that remain to   */
00512 /*   be traversed in pathblock.                                              */
00513 /*                                                                           */
00514 /* alignbytes determines how new records should be aligned in memory.        */
00515 /*   itembytes is the length of a record in bytes (after rounding up).       */
00516 /*   itemsperblock is the number of items allocated at once in a single      */
00517 /*   block.  itemsfirstblock is the number of items in the first block,      */
00518 /*   which can vary from the others.  items is the number of currently       */
00519 /*   allocated items.  maxitems is the maximum number of items that have     */
00520 /*   been allocated at once; it is the current number of items plus the      */
00521 /*   number of records kept on deaditemstack.                                */
00522 
00523 struct memorypool {
00524   int **firstblock, **nowblock;
00525   int *nextitem;
00526   int *deaditemstack;
00527   int **pathblock;
00528   int *pathitem;
00529   int alignbytes;
00530   int itembytes;
00531   int itemsperblock;
00532   int itemsfirstblock;
00533   long items, maxitems;
00534   int unallocateditems;
00535   int pathitemsleft;
00536 };
00537 
00538 
00539 /* Global constants.                                                         */
00540 
00541 float splitter;       /* Used to split float factors for exact multiplication. */
00542 float epsilon;                             /* Floating-point machine epsilon. */
00543 float resulterrbound;
00544 float ccwerrboundA, ccwerrboundB, ccwerrboundC;
00545 float iccerrboundA, iccerrboundB, iccerrboundC;
00546 float o3derrboundA, o3derrboundB, o3derrboundC;
00547 
00548 /* Random number seed is not constant, but I've made it global anyway.       */
00549 
00550 unsigned long randomseed;                     /* Current random number seed. */
00551 
00552 
00553 /* Mesh data structure.  Triangle operates on only one mesh, but the mesh    */
00554 /*   structure is used (instead of global variables) to allow reentrancy.    */
00555 
00556 struct mesh {
00557 
00558 /* Variables used to allocate memory for triangles, subsegments, vertices,   */
00559 /*   viri (triangles being eaten), encroached segments, bad (skinny or too   */
00560 /*   large) triangles, and splay tree nodes.                                 */
00561 
00562   struct memorypool triangles;
00563   struct memorypool subsegs;
00564   struct memorypool vertices;
00565   struct memorypool viri;
00566   struct memorypool badsubsegs;
00567   struct memorypool badtriangles;
00568   struct memorypool flipstackers;
00569   struct memorypool splaynodes;
00570 
00571 /* Variables that maintain the bad triangle queues.  The queues are          */
00572 /*   ordered from 4095 (highest priority) to 0 (lowest priority).            */
00573 
00574   struct badtriang *queuefront[4096];
00575   struct badtriang *queuetail[4096];
00576   int nextnonemptyq[4096];
00577   int firstnonemptyq;
00578 
00579 /* Variable that maintains the stack of recently flipped triangles.          */
00580 
00581   struct flipstacker *lastflip;
00582 
00583 /* Other variables. */
00584 
00585   float xmin, xmax, ymin, ymax;                            /* x and y bounds. */
00586   float xminextreme;      /* Nonexistent x value used as a flag in sweepline. */
00587   int invertices;                               /* Number of input vertices. */
00588   int inelements;                              /* Number of input triangles. */
00589   int insegments;                               /* Number of input segments. */
00590   int holes;                                       /* Number of input holes. */
00591   int regions;                                   /* Number of input regions. */
00592   int undeads;    /* Number of input vertices that don't appear in the mesh. */
00593   long edges;                                     /* Number of output edges. */
00594   int mesh_dim;                                /* Dimension (ought to be 2). */
00595   int nextras;                           /* Number of attributes per vertex. */
00596   int eextras;                         /* Number of attributes per triangle. */
00597   long hullsize;                          /* Number of edges in convex hull. */
00598   int steinerleft;                 /* Number of Steiner points not yet used. */
00599   int vertexmarkindex;         /* Index to find boundary marker of a vertex. */
00600   int vertex2triindex;     /* Index to find a triangle adjacent to a vertex. */
00601   int highorderindex;  /* Index to find extra nodes for high-order elements. */
00602   int elemattribindex;            /* Index to find attributes of a triangle. */
00603   int areaboundindex;             /* Index to find area bound of a triangle. */
00604   int checksegments;         /* Are there segments in the triangulation yet? */
00605   int checkquality;                  /* Has quality triangulation begun yet? */
00606   int readnodefile;                           /* Has a .node file been read? */
00607   long samples;              /* Number of random samples for point location. */
00608 
00609   long incirclecount;                 /* Number of incircle tests performed. */
00610   long counterclockcount;     /* Number of counterclockwise tests performed. */
00611   long orient3dcount;           /* Number of 3D orientation tests performed. */
00612   long hyperbolacount;      /* Number of right-of-hyperbola tests performed. */
00613   long circumcentercount;  /* Number of circumcenter calculations performed. */
00614   long circletopcount;       /* Number of circle top calculations performed. */
00615 
00616 /* Triangular bounding box vertices.                                         */
00617 
00618   vertex infvertex1, infvertex2, infvertex3;
00619 
00620 /* Pointer to the `triangle' that occupies all of "outer space."             */
00621 
00622   triangle *dummytri;
00623   triangle *dummytribase;    /* Keep base address so we can free() it later. */
00624 
00625 /* Pointer to the omnipresent subsegment.  Referenced by any triangle or     */
00626 /*   subsegment that isn't really connected to a subsegment at that          */
00627 /*   location.                                                               */
00628 
00629   subseg *dummysub;
00630   subseg *dummysubbase;      /* Keep base address so we can free() it later. */
00631 
00632 /* Pointer to a recently visited triangle.  Improves point location if       */
00633 /*   proximate vertices are inserted sequentially.                           */
00634 
00635   struct otri recenttri;
00636 
00637 };                                                  /* End of `struct mesh'. */
00638 
00639 
00640 /* Data structure for command line switches and file names.  This structure  */
00641 /*   is used (instead of global variables) to allow reentrancy.              */
00642 
00643 struct behavior {
00644 
00645 /* Switches for the triangulator.                                            */
00646 /*   poly: -p switch.  refine: -r switch.                                    */
00647 /*   quality: -q switch.                                                     */
00648 /*     minangle: minimum angle bound, specified after -q switch.             */
00649 /*     goodangle: cosine squared of minangle.                                */
00650 /*     offconstant: constant used to place off-center Steiner points.        */
00651 /*   vararea: -a switch without number.                                      */
00652 /*   fixedarea: -a switch with number.                                       */
00653 /*     maxarea: maximum area bound, specified after -a switch.               */
00654 /*   usertest: -u switch.                                                    */
00655 /*   regionattrib: -A switch.  convex: -c switch.                            */
00656 /*   weighted: 1 for -w switch, 2 for -W switch.  jettison: -j switch        */
00657 /*   firstnumber: inverse of -z switch.  All items are numbered starting     */
00658 /*     from `firstnumber'.                                                   */
00659 /*   edgesout: -e switch.  voronoi: -v switch.                               */
00660 /*   neighbors: -n switch.  geomview: -g switch.                             */
00661 /*   nobound: -B switch.  nopolywritten: -P switch.                          */
00662 /*   nonodewritten: -N switch.  noelewritten: -E switch.                     */
00663 /*   noiterationnum: -I switch.  noholes: -O switch.                         */
00664 /*   noexact: -X switch.                                                     */
00665 /*   order: element order, specified after -o switch.                        */
00666 /*   nobisect: count of how often -Y switch is selected.                     */
00667 /*   steiner: maximum number of Steiner points, specified after -S switch.   */
00668 /*   incremental: -i switch.  sweepline: -F switch.                          */
00669 /*   dwyer: inverse of -l switch.                                            */
00670 /*   splitseg: -s switch.                                                    */
00671 /*   conformdel: -D switch.  docheck: -C switch.                             */
00672 /*   quiet: -Q switch.  verbose: count of how often -V switch is selected.   */
00673 /*   usesegments: -p, -r, -q, or -c switch; determines whether segments are  */
00674 /*     used at all.                                                          */
00675 /*                                                                           */
00676 /* Read the instructions to find out the meaning of these switches.          */
00677 
00678   int poly, refine, quality, vararea, fixedarea, usertest;
00679   int regionattrib, convex, weighted, jettison;
00680   int firstnumber;
00681   int edgesout, voronoi, neighbors, geomview;
00682   int nobound, nopolywritten, nonodewritten, noelewritten, noiterationnum;
00683   int noholes, noexact, conformdel;
00684   int incremental, sweepline, dwyer;
00685   int splitseg;
00686   int docheck;
00687   int quiet, verbose;
00688   int usesegments;
00689   int order;
00690   int nobisect;
00691   int steiner;
00692   float minangle, goodangle, offconstant;
00693   float maxarea;
00694 
00695 /* Variables for file names.                                                 */
00696 
00697 };                                              /* End of `struct behavior'. */
00698 
00699 
00700 /*****************************************************************************/
00701 /*                                                                           */
00702 /*  Mesh manipulation primitives.  Each triangle contains three pointers to  */
00703 /*  other triangles, with orientations.  Each pointer points not to the      */
00704 /*  first byte of a triangle, but to one of the first three bytes of a       */
00705 /*  triangle.  It is necessary to extract both the triangle itself and the   */
00706 /*  orientation.  To save memory, I keep both pieces of information in one   */
00707 /*  pointer.  To make this possible, I assume that all triangles are aligned */
00708 /*  to four-byte boundaries.  The decode() routine below decodes a pointer,  */
00709 /*  extracting an orientation (in the range 0 to 2) and a pointer to the     */
00710 /*  beginning of a triangle.  The encode() routine compresses a pointer to a */
00711 /*  triangle and an orientation into a single pointer.  My assumptions that  */
00712 /*  triangles are four-byte-aligned and that the `unsigned long' type is     */
00713 /*  long enough to hold a pointer are two of the few kludges in this program.*/
00714 /*                                                                           */
00715 /*  Subsegments are manipulated similarly.  A pointer to a subsegment        */
00716 /*  carries both an address and an orientation in the range 0 to 1.          */
00717 /*                                                                           */
00718 /*  The other primitives take an oriented triangle or oriented subsegment,   */
00719 /*  and return an oriented triangle or oriented subsegment or vertex; or     */
00720 /*  they change the connections in the data structure.                       */
00721 /*                                                                           */
00722 /*  Below, triangles and subsegments are denoted by their vertices.  The     */
00723 /*  triangle abc has origin (org) a, destination (dest) b, and apex (apex)   */
00724 /*  c.  These vertices occur in counterclockwise order about the triangle.   */
00725 /*  The handle abc may simultaneously denote vertex a, edge ab, and triangle */
00726 /*  abc.                                                                     */
00727 /*                                                                           */
00728 /*  Similarly, the subsegment ab has origin (sorg) a and destination (sdest) */
00729 /*  b.  If ab is thought to be directed upward (with b directly above a),    */
00730 /*  then the handle ab is thought to grasp the right side of ab, and may     */
00731 /*  simultaneously denote vertex a and edge ab.                              */
00732 /*                                                                           */
00733 /*  An asterisk (*) denotes a vertex whose identity is unknown.              */
00734 /*                                                                           */
00735 /*  Given this notation, a partial list of mesh manipulation primitives      */
00736 /*  follows.                                                                 */
00737 /*                                                                           */
00738 /*                                                                           */
00739 /*  For triangles:                                                           */
00740 /*                                                                           */
00741 /*  sym:  Find the abutting triangle; same edge.                             */
00742 /*  sym(abc) -> ba*                                                          */
00743 /*                                                                           */
00744 /*  lnext:  Find the next edge (counterclockwise) of a triangle.             */
00745 /*  lnext(abc) -> bca                                                        */
00746 /*                                                                           */
00747 /*  lprev:  Find the previous edge (clockwise) of a triangle.                */
00748 /*  lprev(abc) -> cab                                                        */
00749 /*                                                                           */
00750 /*  onext:  Find the next edge counterclockwise with the same origin.        */
00751 /*  onext(abc) -> ac*                                                        */
00752 /*                                                                           */
00753 /*  oprev:  Find the next edge clockwise with the same origin.               */
00754 /*  oprev(abc) -> a*b                                                        */
00755 /*                                                                           */
00756 /*  dnext:  Find the next edge counterclockwise with the same destination.   */
00757 /*  dnext(abc) -> *ba                                                        */
00758 /*                                                                           */
00759 /*  dprev:  Find the next edge clockwise with the same destination.          */
00760 /*  dprev(abc) -> cb*                                                        */
00761 /*                                                                           */
00762 /*  rnext:  Find the next edge (counterclockwise) of the adjacent triangle.  */
00763 /*  rnext(abc) -> *a*                                                        */
00764 /*                                                                           */
00765 /*  rprev:  Find the previous edge (clockwise) of the adjacent triangle.     */
00766 /*  rprev(abc) -> b**                                                        */
00767 /*                                                                           */
00768 /*  org:  Origin          dest:  Destination          apex:  Apex            */
00769 /*  org(abc) -> a         dest(abc) -> b              apex(abc) -> c         */
00770 /*                                                                           */
00771 /*  bond:  Bond two triangles together at the resepective handles.           */
00772 /*  bond(abc, bad)                                                           */
00773 /*                                                                           */
00774 /*                                                                           */
00775 /*  For subsegments:                                                         */
00776 /*                                                                           */
00777 /*  ssym:  Reverse the orientation of a subsegment.                          */
00778 /*  ssym(ab) -> ba                                                           */
00779 /*                                                                           */
00780 /*  spivot:  Find adjoining subsegment with the same origin.                 */
00781 /*  spivot(ab) -> a*                                                         */
00782 /*                                                                           */
00783 /*  snext:  Find next subsegment in sequence.                                */
00784 /*  snext(ab) -> b*                                                          */
00785 /*                                                                           */
00786 /*  sorg:  Origin                      sdest:  Destination                   */
00787 /*  sorg(ab) -> a                      sdest(ab) -> b                        */
00788 /*                                                                           */
00789 /*  sbond:  Bond two subsegments together at the respective origins.         */
00790 /*  sbond(ab, ac)                                                            */
00791 /*                                                                           */
00792 /*                                                                           */
00793 /*  For interacting tetrahedra and subfacets:                                */
00794 /*                                                                           */
00795 /*  tspivot:  Find a subsegment abutting a triangle.                         */
00796 /*  tspivot(abc) -> ba                                                       */
00797 /*                                                                           */
00798 /*  stpivot:  Find a triangle abutting a subsegment.                         */
00799 /*  stpivot(ab) -> ba*                                                       */
00800 /*                                                                           */
00801 /*  tsbond:  Bond a triangle to a subsegment.                                */
00802 /*  tsbond(abc, ba)                                                          */
00803 /*                                                                           */
00804 /*****************************************************************************/
00805 
00806 /********* Mesh manipulation primitives begin here                   *********/
00810 /* Fast lookup arrays to speed some of the mesh manipulation primitives.     */
00811 
00812 int plus1mod3[3] = {1, 2, 0};
00813 int minus1mod3[3] = {2, 0, 1};
00814 
00815 /********* Primitives for triangles                                  *********/
00816 /*                                                                           */
00817 /*                                                                           */
00818 
00819 /* decode() converts a pointer to an oriented triangle.  The orientation is  */
00820 /*   extracted from the two least significant bits of the pointer.           */
00821 
00822 #define decode(ptr, otri)                                                     \
00823   (otri).orient = (int) ((unsigned long) (ptr) & (unsigned long) 3l);         \
00824   (otri).tri = (triangle *)                                                   \
00825                   ((unsigned long) (ptr) ^ (unsigned long) (otri).orient)
00826 
00827 /* encode() compresses an oriented triangle into a single pointer.  It       */
00828 /*   relies on the assumption that all triangles are aligned to four-byte    */
00829 /*   boundaries, so the two least significant bits of (otri).tri are zero.   */
00830 
00831 #define encode(otri)                                                          \
00832   (triangle) ((unsigned long) (otri).tri | (unsigned long) (otri).orient)
00833 
00834 /* The following handle manipulation primitives are all described by Guibas  */
00835 /*   and Stolfi.  However, Guibas and Stolfi use an edge-based data          */
00836 /*   structure, whereas I use a triangle-based data structure.               */
00837 
00838 /* sym() finds the abutting triangle, on the same edge.  Note that the edge  */
00839 /*   direction is necessarily reversed, because the handle specified by an   */
00840 /*   oriented triangle is directed counterclockwise around the triangle.     */
00841 
00842 #define sym(otri1, otri2)                                                     \
00843   ptr = (otri1).tri[(otri1).orient];                                          \
00844   decode(ptr, otri2);
00845 
00846 #define symself(otri)                                                         \
00847   ptr = (otri).tri[(otri).orient];                                            \
00848   decode(ptr, otri);
00849 
00850 /* lnext() finds the next edge (counterclockwise) of a triangle.             */
00851 
00852 #define lnext(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00853   (otri2).tri = (otri1).tri;                                                  \
00854   (otri2).orient = plus1mod3[(otri1).orient]
00855 
00856 #define lnextself(otri)                                                       \
00857   (otri).orient = plus1mod3[(otri).orient]
00858 
00859 /* lprev() finds the previous edge (clockwise) of a triangle.                */
00860 
00861 #define lprev(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00862   (otri2).tri = (otri1).tri;                                                  \
00863   (otri2).orient = minus1mod3[(otri1).orient]
00864 
00865 #define lprevself(otri)                                                       \
00866   (otri).orient = minus1mod3[(otri).orient]
00867 
00868 /* onext() spins counterclockwise around a vertex; that is, it finds the     */
00869 /*   next edge with the same origin in the counterclockwise direction.  This */
00870 /*   edge is part of a different triangle.                                   */
00871 
00872 #define onext(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00873   lprev(otri1, otri2);                                                        \
00874   symself(otri2);
00875 
00876 #define onextself(otri)                                                       \
00877   lprevself(otri);                                                            \
00878   symself(otri);
00879 
00880 /* oprev() spins clockwise around a vertex; that is, it finds the next edge  */
00881 /*   with the same origin in the clockwise direction.  This edge is part of  */
00882 /*   a different triangle.                                                   */
00883 
00884 #define oprev(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00885   sym(otri1, otri2);                                                          \
00886   lnextself(otri2);
00887 
00888 #define oprevself(otri)                                                       \
00889   symself(otri);                                                              \
00890   lnextself(otri);
00891 
00892 /* dnext() spins counterclockwise around a vertex; that is, it finds the     */
00893 /*   next edge with the same destination in the counterclockwise direction.  */
00894 /*   This edge is part of a different triangle.                              */
00895 
00896 #define dnext(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00897   sym(otri1, otri2);                                                          \
00898   lprevself(otri2);
00899 
00900 #define dnextself(otri)                                                       \
00901   symself(otri);                                                              \
00902   lprevself(otri);
00903 
00904 /* dprev() spins clockwise around a vertex; that is, it finds the next edge  */
00905 /*   with the same destination in the clockwise direction.  This edge is     */
00906 /*   part of a different triangle.                                           */
00907 
00908 #define dprev(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00909   lnext(otri1, otri2);                                                        \
00910   symself(otri2);
00911 
00912 #define dprevself(otri)                                                       \
00913   lnextself(otri);                                                            \
00914   symself(otri);
00915 
00916 /* rnext() moves one edge counterclockwise about the adjacent triangle.      */
00917 /*   (It's best understood by reading Guibas and Stolfi.  It involves        */
00918 /*   changing triangles twice.)                                              */
00919 
00920 #define rnext(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00921   sym(otri1, otri2);                                                          \
00922   lnextself(otri2);                                                           \
00923   symself(otri2);
00924 
00925 #define rnextself(otri)                                                       \
00926   symself(otri);                                                              \
00927   lnextself(otri);                                                            \
00928   symself(otri);
00929 
00930 /* rprev() moves one edge clockwise about the adjacent triangle.             */
00931 /*   (It's best understood by reading Guibas and Stolfi.  It involves        */
00932 /*   changing triangles twice.)                                              */
00933 
00934 #define rprev(otri1, otri2)                                                   \
00935   sym(otri1, otri2);                                                          \
00936   lprevself(otri2);                                                           \
00937   symself(otri2);
00938 
00939 #define rprevself(otri)                                                       \
00940   symself(otri);                                                              \
00941   lprevself(otri);                                                            \
00942   symself(otri);
00943 
00944 /* These primitives determine or set the origin, destination, or apex of a   */
00945 /* triangle.                                                                 */
00946 
00947 #define org(otri, vertexptr)                                                  \
00948   vertexptr = (vertex) (otri).tri[plus1mod3[(otri).orient] + 3]
00949 
00950 #define dest(otri, vertexptr)                                                 \
00951   vertexptr = (vertex) (otri).tri[minus1mod3[(otri).orient] + 3]
00952 
00953 #define apex(otri, vertexptr)                                                 \
00954   vertexptr = (vertex) (otri).tri[(otri).orient + 3]
00955 
00956 #define setorg(otri, vertexptr)                                               \
00957   (otri).tri[plus1mod3[(otri).orient] + 3] = (triangle) vertexptr
00958 
00959 #define setdest(otri, vertexptr)                                              \
00960   (otri).tri[minus1mod3[(otri).orient] + 3] = (triangle) vertexptr
00961 
00962 #define setapex(otri, vertexptr)                                              \
00963   (otri).tri[(otri).orient + 3] = (triangle) vertexptr
00964 
00965 /* Bond two triangles together.                                              */
00966 
00967 #define bond(otri1, otri2)                                                    \
00968   (otri1).tri[(otri1).orient] = encode(otri2);                                \
00969   (otri2).tri[(otri2).orient] = encode(otri1)
00970 
00971 /* Dissolve a bond (from one side).  Note that the other triangle will still */
00972 /*   think it's connected to this triangle.  Usually, however, the other     */
00973 /*   triangle is being deleted entirely, or bonded to another triangle, so   */
00974 /*   it doesn't matter.                                                      */
00975 
00976 #define dissolve(otri)                                                        \
00977   (otri).tri[(otri).orient] = (triangle) m->dummytri
00978 
00979 /* Copy an oriented triangle.                                                */
00980 
00981 #define otricopy(otri1, otri2)                                                \
00982   (otri2).tri = (otri1).tri;                                                  \
00983   (otri2).orient = (otri1).orient
00984 
00985 /* Test for equality of oriented triangles.                                  */
00986 
00987 #define otriequal(otri1, otri2)                                               \
00988   (((otri1).tri == (otri2).tri) &&                                            \
00989    ((otri1).orient == (otri2).orient))
00990 
00991 /* Primitives to infect or cure a triangle with the virus.  These rely on    */
00992 /*   the assumption that all subsegments are aligned to four-byte boundaries.*/
00993 
00994 #define infect(otri)                                                          \
00995   (otri).tri[6] = (triangle)                                                  \
00996                     ((unsigned long) (otri).tri[6] | (unsigned long) 2l)
00997 
00998 #define uninfect(otri)                                                        \
00999   (otri).tri[6] = (triangle)                                                  \
01000                     ((unsigned long) (otri).tri[6] & ~ (unsigned long) 2l)
01001 
01002 /* Test a triangle for viral infection.                                      */
01003 
01004 #define infected(otri)                                                        \
01005   (((unsigned long) (otri).tri[6] & (unsigned long) 2l) != 0l)
01006 
01007 /* Check or set a triangle's attributes.                                     */
01008 
01009 #define elemattribute(otri, attnum)                                           \
01010   ((float *) (otri).tri)[m->elemattribindex + (attnum)]
01011 
01012 #define setelemattribute(otri, attnum, value)                                 \
01013   ((float *) (otri).tri)[m->elemattribindex + (attnum)] = value
01014 
01015 /* Check or set a triangle's maximum area bound.                             */
01016 
01017 #define areabound(otri)  ((float *) (otri).tri)[m->areaboundindex]
01018 
01019 #define setareabound(otri, value)                                             \
01020   ((float *) (otri).tri)[m->areaboundindex] = value
01021 
01022 /* Check or set a triangle's deallocation.  Its second pointer is set to     */
01023 /*   NULL to indicate that it is not allocated.  (Its first pointer is used  */
01024 /*   for the stack of dead items.)  Its fourth pointer (its first vertex)    */
01025 /*   is set to NULL in case a `badtriang' structure points to it.            */
01026 
01027 #define deadtri(tria)  ((tria)[1] == (triangle) NULL)
01028 
01029 #define killtri(tria)                                                         \
01030   (tria)[1] = (triangle) NULL;                                                \
01031   (tria)[3] = (triangle) NULL
01032 
01033 /********* Primitives for subsegments                                *********/
01034 /*                                                                           */
01035 /*                                                                           */
01036 
01037 /* sdecode() converts a pointer to an oriented subsegment.  The orientation  */
01038 /*   is extracted from the least significant bit of the pointer.  The two    */
01039 /*   least significant bits (one for orientation, one for viral infection)   */
01040 /*   are masked out to produce the real pointer.                             */
01041 
01042 #define sdecode(sptr, osub)                                                   \
01043   (osub).ssorient = (int) ((unsigned long) (sptr) & (unsigned long) 1l);      \
01044   (osub).ss = (subseg *)                                                      \
01045               ((unsigned long) (sptr) & ~ (unsigned long) 3l)
01046 
01047 /* sencode() compresses an oriented subsegment into a single pointer.  It    */
01048 /*   relies on the assumption that all subsegments are aligned to two-byte   */
01049 /*   boundaries, so the least significant bit of (osub).ss is zero.          */
01050 
01051 #define sencode(osub)                                                         \
01052   (subseg) ((unsigned long) (osub).ss | (unsigned long) (osub).ssorient)
01053 
01054 /* ssym() toggles the orientation of a subsegment.                           */
01055 
01056 #define ssym(osub1, osub2)                                                    \
01057   (osub2).ss = (osub1).ss;                                                    \
01058   (osub2).ssorient = 1 - (osub1).ssorient
01059 
01060 #define ssymself(osub)                                                        \
01061   (osub).ssorient = 1 - (osub).ssorient
01062 
01063 /* spivot() finds the other subsegment (from the same segment) that shares   */
01064 /*   the same origin.                                                        */
01065 
01066 #define spivot(osub1, osub2)                                                  \
01067   sptr = (osub1).ss[(osub1).ssorient];                                        \
01068   sdecode(sptr, osub2)
01069 
01070 #define spivotself(osub)                                                      \
01071   sptr = (osub).ss[(osub).ssorient];                                          \
01072   sdecode(sptr, osub)
01073 
01074 /* snext() finds the next subsegment (from the same segment) in sequence;    */
01075 /*   one whose origin is the input subsegment's destination.                 */
01076 
01077 #define snext(osub1, osub2)                                                   \
01078   sptr = (osub1).ss[1 - (osub1).ssorient];                                    \
01079   sdecode(sptr, osub2)
01080 
01081 #define snextself(osub)                                                       \
01082   sptr = (osub).ss[1 - (osub).ssorient];                                      \
01083   sdecode(sptr, osub)
01084 
01085 /* These primitives determine or set the origin or destination of a          */
01086 /*   subsegment or the segment that includes it.                             */
01087 
01088 #define sorg(osub, vertexptr)                                                 \
01089   vertexptr = (vertex) (osub).ss[2 + (osub).ssorient]
01090 
01091 #define sdest(osub, vertexptr)                                                \
01092   vertexptr = (vertex) (osub).ss[3 - (osub).ssorient]
01093 
01094 #define setsorg(osub, vertexptr)                                              \
01095   (osub).ss[2 + (osub).ssorient] = (subseg) vertexptr
01096 
01097 #define setsdest(osub, vertexptr)                                             \
01098   (osub).ss[3 - (osub).ssorient] = (subseg) vertexptr
01099 
01100 #define segorg(osub, vertexptr)                                               \
01101   vertexptr = (vertex) (osub).ss[4 + (osub).ssorient]
01102 
01103 #define segdest(osub, vertexptr)                                              \
01104   vertexptr = (vertex) (osub).ss[5 - (osub).ssorient]
01105 
01106 #define setsegorg(osub, vertexptr)                                            \
01107   (osub).ss[4 + (osub).ssorient] = (subseg) vertexptr
01108 
01109 #define setsegdest(osub, vertexptr)                                           \
01110   (osub).ss[5 - (osub).ssorient] = (subseg) vertexptr
01111 
01112 /* These primitives read or set a boundary marker.  Boundary markers are     */
01113 /*   used to hold user-defined tags for setting boundary conditions in       */
01114 /*   finite element solvers.                                                 */
01115 
01116 #define mark(osub)  (* (int *) ((osub).ss + 8))
01117 
01118 #define setmark(osub, value)                                                  \
01119   * (int *) ((osub).ss + 8) = value
01120 
01121 /* Bond two subsegments together.                                            */
01122 
01123 #define sbond(osub1, osub2)                                                   \
01124   (osub1).ss[(osub1).ssorient] = sencode(osub2);                              \
01125   (osub2).ss[(osub2).ssorient] = sencode(osub1)
01126 
01127 /* Dissolve a subsegment bond (from one side).  Note that the other          */
01128 /*   subsegment will still think it's connected to this subsegment.          */
01129 
01130 #define sdissolve(osub)                                                       \
01131   (osub).ss[(osub).ssorient] = (subseg) m->dummysub
01132 
01133 /* Copy a subsegment.                                                        */
01134 
01135 #define subsegcopy(osub1, osub2)                                              \
01136   (osub2).ss = (osub1).ss;                                                    \
01137   (osub2).ssorient = (osub1).ssorient
01138 
01139 /* Test for equality of subsegments.                                         */
01140 
01141 #define subsegequal(osub1, osub2)                                             \
01142   (((osub1).ss == (osub2).ss) &&                                              \
01143    ((osub1).ssorient == (osub2).ssorient))
01144 
01145 /* Check or set a subsegment's deallocation.  Its second pointer is set to   */
01146 /*   NULL to indicate that it is not allocated.  (Its first pointer is used  */
01147 /*   for the stack of dead items.)  Its third pointer (its first vertex)     */
01148 /*   is set to NULL in case a `badsubseg' structure points to it.            */
01149 
01150 #define deadsubseg(sub)  ((sub)[1] == (subseg) NULL)
01151 
01152 #define killsubseg(sub)                                                       \
01153   (sub)[1] = (subseg) NULL;                                                   \
01154   (sub)[2] = (subseg) NULL
01155 
01156 /********* Primitives for interacting triangles and subsegments      *********/
01157 /*                                                                           */
01158 /*                                                                           */
01159 
01160 /* tspivot() finds a subsegment abutting a triangle.                         */
01161 
01162 #define tspivot(otri, osub)                                                   \
01163   sptr = (subseg) (otri).tri[6 + (otri).orient];                              \
01164   sdecode(sptr, osub)
01165 
01166 /* stpivot() finds a triangle abutting a subsegment.  It requires that the   */
01167 /*   variable `ptr' of type `triangle' be defined.                           */
01168 
01169 #define stpivot(osub, otri)                                                   \
01170   ptr = (triangle) (osub).ss[6 + (osub).ssorient];                            \
01171   decode(ptr, otri)
01172 
01173 /* Bond a triangle to a subsegment.                                          */
01174 
01175 #define tsbond(otri, osub)                                                    \
01176   (otri).tri[6 + (otri).orient] = (triangle) sencode(osub);                   \
01177   (osub).ss[6 + (osub).ssorient] = (subseg) encode(otri)
01178 
01179 /* Dissolve a bond (from the triangle side).                                 */
01180 
01181 #define tsdissolve(otri)                                                      \
01182   (otri).tri[6 + (otri).orient] = (triangle) m->dummysub
01183 
01184 /* Dissolve a bond (from the subsegment side).                               */
01185 
01186 #define stdissolve(osub)                                                      \
01187   (osub).ss[6 + (osub).ssorient] = (subseg) m->dummytri
01188 
01189 /********* Primitives for vertices                                   *********/
01190 /*                                                                           */
01191 /*                                                                           */
01192 
01193 #define vertexmark(vx)  ((int *) (vx))[m->vertexmarkindex]
01194 
01195 #define setvertexmark(vx, value)                                              \
01196   ((int *) (vx))[m->vertexmarkindex] = value
01197 
01198 #define vertextype(vx)  ((int *) (vx))[m->vertexmarkindex + 1]
01199 
01200 #define setvertextype(vx, value)                                              \
01201   ((int *) (vx))[m->vertexmarkindex + 1] = value
01202 
01203 #define vertex2tri(vx)  ((triangle *) (vx))[m->vertex2triindex]
01204 
01205 #define setvertex2tri(vx, value)                                              \
01206   ((triangle *) (vx))[m->vertex2triindex] = value
01207 
01210 /********* Mesh manipulation primitives end here                     *********/
01211 
01212 /********* Memory allocation and program exit wrappers begin here    *********/
01216 void triexit(int status)
01217 {
01218   exit(status);
01219 }
01220 
01221 int *trimalloc(int size)
01222 {
01223   int *memptr;
01224 
01225   memptr = (int *) malloc((unsigned int) size);
01226   if (memptr == (int *) NULL) {
01227     printf("Error:  Out of memory.\n");
01228     triexit(1);
01229   }
01230   return(memptr);
01231 }
01232 
01233 void trifree(int *memptr)
01234 {
01235   free(memptr);
01236 }
01237 
01240 /********* Memory allocation and program exit wrappers end here      *********/
01241 
01242 /*****************************************************************************/
01243 /*                                                                           */
01244 /*  internalerror()   Ask the user to send me the defective product.  Exit.  */
01245 /*                                                                           */
01246 /*****************************************************************************/
01247 
01248 void internalerror()
01249 {
01250   printf("  Please report this bug to jrs@cs.berkeley.edu\n");
01251   printf("  Include the message above, your input data set, and the exact\n");
01252   printf("    command line you used to run Triangle.\n");
01253   triexit(1);
01254 }
01255 
01256 /*****************************************************************************/
01257 /*                                                                           */
01258 /*  parsecommandline()   Read the command line, identify switches, and set   */
01259 /*                       up options and file names.                          */
01260 /*                                                                           */
01261 /*****************************************************************************/
01262 
01263 void parsecommandline(int argc, char **argv, struct behavior *b) {
01264   int i, j;
01265 
01266   b->poly = b->refine = b->quality = 0;
01267   b->vararea = b->fixedarea = b->usertest = 0;
01268   b->regionattrib = b->convex = b->weighted = b->jettison = 0;
01269   b->firstnumber = 1;
01270   b->edgesout = b->voronoi = b->neighbors = b->geomview = 0;
01271   b->nobound = b->nopolywritten = b->nonodewritten = b->noelewritten = 0;
01272   b->noiterationnum = 0;
01273   b->noholes = b->noexact = 0;
01274   b->incremental = b->sweepline = 0;
01275   b->dwyer = 1;
01276   b->splitseg = 0;
01277   b->docheck = 0;
01278   b->nobisect = 0;
01279   b->conformdel = 0;
01280   b->steiner = -1;
01281   b->order = 1;
01282   b->minangle = 0.0;
01283   b->maxarea = -1.0;
01284   b->quiet = b->verbose = 0;
01285 
01286   for (i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
01287     for (j = 0; argv[i][j] != '\0'; j++) {
01288       if (argv[i][j] == 'p') {
01289         b->poly = 1;
01290       }
01291       if (argv[i][j] == 'A') {
01292         b->regionattrib = 1;
01293       }
01294       if (argv[i][j] == 'c') {
01295         b->convex = 1;
01296       }
01297       if (argv[i][j] == 'w') {
01298         b->weighted = 1;
01299       }
01300       if (argv[i][j] == 'W') {
01301         b->weighted = 2;
01302       }
01303       if (argv[i][j] == 'j') {
01304         b->jettison = 1;
01305       }
01306       if (argv[i][j] == 'z') {
01307         b->firstnumber = 0;
01308       }
01309       if (argv[i][j] == 'e') {
01310         b->edgesout = 1;
01311       }
01312       if (argv[i][j] == 'v') {
01313         b->voronoi = 1;
01314       }
01315       if (argv[i][j] == 'n') {
01316         b->neighbors = 1;
01317       }
01318       if (argv[i][j] == 'g') {
01319         b->geomview = 1;
01320       }
01321       if (argv[i][j] == 'B') {
01322         b->nobound = 1;
01323       }
01324       if (argv[i][j] == 'P') {
01325         b->nopolywritten = 1;
01326       }
01327       if (argv[i][j] == 'N') {
01328         b->nonodewritten = 1;
01329       }
01330       if (argv[i][j] == 'E') {
01331         b->noelewritten = 1;
01332       }
01333       if (argv[i][j] == 'O') {
01334         b->noholes = 1;
01335       }
01336       if (argv[i][j] == 'X') {
01337         b->noexact = 1;
01338       }
01339       if (argv[i][j] == 'o') {
01340         if (argv[i][j + 1] == '2') {
01341           j++;
01342           b->order = 2;
01343         }
01344       }
01345       if (argv[i][j] == 'l') {
01346         b->dwyer = 0;
01347       }
01348       if (argv[i][j] == 'Q') {
01349         b->quiet = 1;
01350       }
01351       if (argv[i][j] == 'V') {
01352         b->verbose++;
01353       }
01354     }
01355   }
01356   b->usesegments = b->poly || b->refine || b->quality || b->convex;
01357   b->goodangle = cos(b->minangle * PI / 180.0);
01358   if (b->goodangle == 1.0) {
01359     b->offconstant = 0.0;
01360   } else {
01361     b->offconstant = 0.475 * sqrt((1.0 + b->goodangle) / (1.0 - b->goodangle));
01362   }
01363   b->goodangle *= b->goodangle;
01364   if (b->refine && b->noiterationnum) {
01365     printf(
01366       "Error:  You cannot use the -I switch when refining a triangulation.\n");
01367     triexit(1);
01368   }
01369   /* Be careful not to allocate space for element area constraints that */
01370   /*   will never be assigned any value (other than the default -1.0).  */
01371   if (!b->refine && !b->poly) {
01372     b->vararea = 0;
01373   }
01374   /* Be careful not to add an extra attribute to each element unless the */
01375   /*   input supports it (PSLG in, but not refining a preexisting mesh). */
01376   if (b->refine || !b->poly) {
01377     b->regionattrib = 0;
01378   }
01379   /* Regular/weighted triangulations are incompatible with PSLGs */
01380   /*   and meshing.                                              */
01381   if (b->weighted && (b->poly || b->quality)) {
01382     b->weighted = 0;
01383     if (!b->quiet) {
01384       printf("Warning:  weighted triangulations (-w, -W) are incompatible\n");
01385       printf("  with PSLGs (-p) and meshing (-q, -a, -u).  Weights ignored.\n"
01386              );
01387     }
01388   }
01389   if (b->jettison && b->nonodewritten && !b->quiet) {
01390     printf("Warning:  -j and -N switches are somewhat incompatible.\n");
01391     printf("  If any vertices are jettisoned, you will need the output\n");
01392     printf("  .node file to reconstruct the new node indices.");
01393   }
01394 }
01395 
01398 /********* User interaction routines begin here                      *********/
01399 
01400 /********* Debugging routines begin here                             *********/
01404 /*****************************************************************************/
01405 /*                                                                           */
01406 /*  printtriangle()   Print out the details of an oriented triangle.         */
01407 /*                                                                           */
01408 /*  I originally wrote this procedure to simplify debugging; it can be       */
01409 /*  called directly from the debugger, and presents information about an     */
01410 /*  oriented triangle in digestible form.  It's also used when the           */
01411 /*  highest level of verbosity (`-VVV') is specified.                        */
01412 /*                                                                           */
01413 /*****************************************************************************/
01414 
01415 void printtriangle(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *t)
01416 {
01417   struct otri printtri;
01418   struct osub printsh;
01419   vertex printvertex;
01420 
01421   printf("triangle x%lx with orientation %d:\n", (unsigned long) t->tri,
01422          t->orient);
01423   decode(t->tri[0], printtri);
01424   if (printtri.tri == m->dummytri) {
01425     printf("    [0] = Outer space\n");
01426   } else {
01427     printf("    [0] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printtri.tri,
01428            printtri.orient);
01429   }
01430   decode(t->tri[1], printtri);
01431   if (printtri.tri == m->dummytri) {
01432     printf("    [1] = Outer space\n");
01433   } else {
01434     printf("    [1] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printtri.tri,
01435            printtri.orient);
01436   }
01437   decode(t->tri[2], printtri);
01438   if (printtri.tri == m->dummytri) {
01439     printf("    [2] = Outer space\n");
01440   } else {
01441     printf("    [2] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printtri.tri,
01442            printtri.orient);
01443   }
01444 
01445   org(*t, printvertex);
01446   if (printvertex == (vertex) NULL)
01447     printf("    Origin[%d] = NULL\n", (t->orient + 1) % 3 + 3);
01448   else
01449     printf("    Origin[%d] = x%lx  (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
01450            (t->orient + 1) % 3 + 3, (unsigned long) printvertex,
01451            printvertex[0], printvertex[1]);
01452   dest(*t, printvertex);
01453   if (printvertex == (vertex) NULL)
01454     printf("    Dest  [%d] = NULL\n", (t->orient + 2) % 3 + 3);
01455   else
01456     printf("    Dest  [%d] = x%lx  (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
01457            (t->orient + 2) % 3 + 3, (unsigned long) printvertex,
01458            printvertex[0], printvertex[1]);
01459   apex(*t, printvertex);
01460   if (printvertex == (vertex) NULL)
01461     printf("    Apex  [%d] = NULL\n", t->orient + 3);
01462   else
01463     printf("    Apex  [%d] = x%lx  (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
01464            t->orient + 3, (unsigned long) printvertex,
01465            printvertex[0], printvertex[1]);
01466 
01467   if (b->usesegments) {
01468     sdecode(t->tri[6], printsh);
01469     if (printsh.ss != m->dummysub) {
01470       printf("    [6] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printsh.ss,
01471              printsh.ssorient);
01472     }
01473     sdecode(t->tri[7], printsh);
01474     if (printsh.ss != m->dummysub) {
01475       printf("    [7] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printsh.ss,
01476              printsh.ssorient);
01477     }
01478     sdecode(t->tri[8], printsh);
01479     if (printsh.ss != m->dummysub) {
01480       printf("    [8] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printsh.ss,
01481              printsh.ssorient);
01482     }
01483   }
01484 
01485   if (b->vararea) {
01486     printf("    Area constraint:  %.4g\n", areabound(*t));
01487   }
01488 }
01489 
01490 /*****************************************************************************/
01491 /*                                                                           */
01492 /*  printsubseg()   Print out the details of an oriented subsegment.         */
01493 /*                                                                           */
01494 /*  I originally wrote this procedure to simplify debugging; it can be       */
01495 /*  called directly from the debugger, and presents information about an     */
01496 /*  oriented subsegment in digestible form.  It's also used when the highest */
01497 /*  level of verbosity (`-VVV') is specified.                                */
01498 /*                                                                           */
01499 /*****************************************************************************/
01500 
01501 void printsubseg(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct osub *s)
01502 {
01503   struct osub printsh;
01504   struct otri printtri;
01505   vertex printvertex;
01506 
01507   printf("subsegment x%lx with orientation %d and mark %d:\n",
01508          (unsigned long) s->ss, s->ssorient, mark(*s));
01509   sdecode(s->ss[0], printsh);
01510   if (printsh.ss == m->dummysub) {
01511     printf("    [0] = No subsegment\n");
01512   } else {
01513     printf("    [0] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printsh.ss,
01514            printsh.ssorient);
01515   }
01516   sdecode(s->ss[1], printsh);
01517   if (printsh.ss == m->dummysub) {
01518     printf("    [1] = No subsegment\n");
01519   } else {
01520     printf("    [1] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printsh.ss,
01521            printsh.ssorient);
01522   }
01523 
01524   sorg(*s, printvertex);
01525   if (printvertex == (vertex) NULL)
01526     printf("    Origin[%d] = NULL\n", 2 + s->ssorient);
01527   else
01528     printf("    Origin[%d] = x%lx  (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
01529            2 + s->ssorient, (unsigned long) printvertex,
01530            printvertex[0], printvertex[1]);
01531   sdest(*s, printvertex);
01532   if (printvertex == (vertex) NULL)
01533     printf("    Dest  [%d] = NULL\n", 3 - s->ssorient);
01534   else
01535     printf("    Dest  [%d] = x%lx  (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
01536            3 - s->ssorient, (unsigned long) printvertex,
01537            printvertex[0], printvertex[1]);
01538 
01539   decode(s->ss[6], printtri);
01540   if (printtri.tri == m->dummytri) {
01541     printf("    [6] = Outer space\n");
01542   } else {
01543     printf("    [6] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printtri.tri,
01544            printtri.orient);
01545   }
01546   decode(s->ss[7], printtri);
01547   if (printtri.tri == m->dummytri) {
01548     printf("    [7] = Outer space\n");
01549   } else {
01550     printf("    [7] = x%lx  %d\n", (unsigned long) printtri.tri,
01551            printtri.orient);
01552   }
01553 
01554   segorg(*s, printvertex);
01555   if (printvertex == (vertex) NULL)
01556     printf("    Segment origin[%d] = NULL\n", 4 + s->ssorient);
01557   else
01558     printf("    Segment origin[%d] = x%lx  (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
01559            4 + s->ssorient, (unsigned long) printvertex,
01560            printvertex[0], printvertex[1]);
01561   segdest(*s, printvertex);
01562   if (printvertex == (vertex) NULL)
01563     printf("    Segment dest  [%d] = NULL\n", 5 - s->ssorient);
01564   else
01565     printf("    Segment dest  [%d] = x%lx  (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
01566            5 - s->ssorient, (unsigned long) printvertex,
01567            printvertex[0], printvertex[1]);
01568 }
01569 
01572 /********* Debugging routines end here                               *********/
01573 
01574 /********* Memory management routines begin here                     *********/
01578 /*****************************************************************************/
01579 /*                                                                           */
01580 /*  poolzero()   Set all of a pool's fields to zero.                         */
01581 /*                                                                           */
01582 /*  This procedure should never be called on a pool that has any memory      */
01583 /*  allocated to it, as that memory would leak.                              */
01584 /*                                                                           */
01585 /*****************************************************************************/
01586 
01587 void poolzero(struct memorypool *pool)
01588 {
01589   pool->firstblock = (int **) NULL;
01590   pool->nowblock = (int **) NULL;
01591   pool->nextitem = (int *) NULL;
01592   pool->deaditemstack = (int *) NULL;
01593   pool->pathblock = (int **) NULL;
01594   pool->pathitem = (int *) NULL;
01595   pool->alignbytes = 0;
01596   pool->itembytes = 0;
01597   pool->itemsperblock = 0;
01598   pool->itemsfirstblock = 0;
01599   pool->items = 0;
01600   pool->maxitems = 0;
01601   pool->unallocateditems = 0;
01602   pool->pathitemsleft = 0;
01603 }
01604 
01605 /*****************************************************************************/
01606 /*                                                                           */
01607 /*  poolrestart()   Deallocate all items in a pool.                          */
01608 /*                                                                           */
01609 /*  The pool is returned to its starting state, except that no memory is     */
01610 /*  freed to the operating system.  Rather, the previously allocated blocks  */
01611 /*  are ready to be reused.                                                  */
01612 /*                                                                           */
01613 /*****************************************************************************/
01614 
01615 void poolrestart(struct memorypool *pool)
01616 {
01617   unsigned long alignptr;
01618 
01619   pool->items = 0;
01620   pool->maxitems = 0;
01621 
01622   /* Set the currently active block. */
01623   pool->nowblock = pool->firstblock;
01624   /* Find the first item in the pool.  Increment by the size of (int *). */
01625   alignptr = (unsigned long) (pool->nowblock + 1);
01626   /* Align the item on an `alignbytes'-byte boundary. */
01627   pool->nextitem = (int *)
01628     (alignptr + (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes -
01629      (alignptr % (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes));
01630   /* There are lots of unallocated items left in this block. */
01631   pool->unallocateditems = pool->itemsfirstblock;
01632   /* The stack of deallocated items is empty. */
01633   pool->deaditemstack = (int *) NULL;
01634 }
01635 
01636 /*****************************************************************************/
01637 /*                                                                           */
01638 /*  poolinit()   Initialize a pool of memory for allocation of items.        */
01639 /*                                                                           */
01640 /*  This routine initializes the machinery for allocating items.  A `pool'   */
01641 /*  is created whose records have size at least `bytecount'.  Items will be  */
01642 /*  allocated in `itemcount'-item blocks.  Each item is assumed to be a      */
01643 /*  collection of words, and either pointers or floating-point values are    */
01644 /*  assumed to be the "primary" word type.  (The "primary" word type is used */
01645 /*  to determine alignment of items.)  If `alignment' isn't zero, all items  */
01646 /*  will be `alignment'-byte aligned in memory.  `alignment' must be either  */
01647 /*  a multiple or a factor of the primary word size; powers of two are safe. */
01648 /*  `alignment' is normally used to create a few unused bits at the bottom   */
01649 /*  of each item's pointer, in which information may be stored.              */
01650 /*                                                                           */
01651 /*  Don't change this routine unless you understand it.                      */
01652 /*                                                                           */
01653 /*****************************************************************************/
01654 
01655 void poolinit(struct memorypool *pool, int bytecount, int itemcount,
01656               int firstitemcount, int alignment)
01657 {
01658   /* Find the proper alignment, which must be at least as large as:   */
01659   /*   - The parameter `alignment'.                                   */
01660   /*   - sizeof(int *), so the stack of dead items can be maintained */
01661   /*       without unaligned accesses.                                */
01662   if (alignment > (int)sizeof(int *)) {
01663     pool->alignbytes = alignment;
01664   } else {
01665     pool->alignbytes = sizeof(int *);
01666   }
01667   pool->itembytes = ((bytecount - 1) / pool->alignbytes + 1) *
01668                     pool->alignbytes;
01669   pool->itemsperblock = itemcount;
01670   if (firstitemcount == 0) {
01671     pool->itemsfirstblock = itemcount;
01672   } else {
01673     pool->itemsfirstblock = firstitemcount;
01674   }
01675 
01676   /* Allocate a block of items.  Space for `itemsfirstblock' items and one  */
01677   /*   pointer (to point to the next block) are allocated, as well as space */
01678   /*   to ensure alignment of the items.                                    */
01679   pool->firstblock = (int **)
01680     trimalloc(pool->itemsfirstblock * pool->itembytes + (int) sizeof(int *) +
01681               pool->alignbytes);
01682   /* Set the next block pointer to NULL. */
01683   *(pool->firstblock) = (int *) NULL;
01684   poolrestart(pool);
01685 }
01686 
01687 /*****************************************************************************/
01688 /*                                                                           */
01689 /*  pooldeinit()   Free to the operating system all memory taken by a pool.  */
01690 /*                                                                           */
01691 /*****************************************************************************/
01692 
01693 void pooldeinit(struct memorypool *pool)
01694 {
01695   while (pool->firstblock != (int **) NULL) {
01696     pool->nowblock = (int **) *(pool->firstblock);
01697     trifree((int *) pool->firstblock);
01698     pool->firstblock = pool->nowblock;
01699   }
01700 }
01701 
01702 /*****************************************************************************/
01703 /*                                                                           */
01704 /*  poolalloc()   Allocate space for an item.                                */
01705 /*                                                                           */
01706 /*****************************************************************************/
01707 
01708 int *poolalloc(struct memorypool *pool)
01709 {
01710   int *newitem;
01711   int **newblock;
01712   unsigned long alignptr;
01713 
01714   /* First check the linked list of dead items.  If the list is not   */
01715   /*   empty, allocate an item from the list rather than a fresh one. */
01716   if (pool->deaditemstack != (int *) NULL) {
01717     newitem = pool->deaditemstack;               /* Take first item in list. */
01718     pool->deaditemstack = * (int **) pool->deaditemstack;
01719   } else {
01720     /* Check if there are any free items left in the current block. */
01721     if (pool->unallocateditems == 0) {
01722       /* Check if another block must be allocated. */
01723       if (*(pool->nowblock) == (int *) NULL) {
01724         /* Allocate a new block of items, pointed to by the previous block. */
01725         newblock = (int **) trimalloc(pool->itemsperblock * pool->itembytes +
01726                                        (int) sizeof(int *) +
01727                                        pool->alignbytes);
01728         *(pool->nowblock) = (int *) newblock;
01729         /* The next block pointer is NULL. */
01730         *newblock = (int *) NULL;
01731       }
01732 
01733       /* Move to the new block. */
01734       pool->nowblock = (int **) *(pool->nowblock);
01735       /* Find the first item in the block.    */
01736       /*   Increment by the size of (int *). */
01737       alignptr = (unsigned long) (pool->nowblock + 1);
01738       /* Align the item on an `alignbytes'-byte boundary. */
01739       pool->nextitem = (int *)
01740         (alignptr + (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes -
01741          (alignptr % (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes));
01742       /* There are lots of unallocated items left in this block. */
01743       pool->unallocateditems = pool->itemsperblock;
01744     }
01745 
01746     /* Allocate a new item. */
01747     newitem = pool->nextitem;
01748     /* Advance `nextitem' pointer to next free item in block. */
01749     pool->nextitem = (int *) ((char *) pool->nextitem + pool->itembytes);
01750     pool->unallocateditems--;
01751     pool->maxitems++;
01752   }
01753   pool->items++;
01754   return newitem;
01755 }
01756 
01757 /*****************************************************************************/
01758 /*                                                                           */
01759 /*  pooldealloc()   Deallocate space for an item.                            */
01760 /*                                                                           */
01761 /*  The deallocated space is stored in a queue for later reuse.              */
01762 /*                                                                           */
01763 /*****************************************************************************/
01764 
01765 void pooldealloc(struct memorypool *pool, int *dyingitem)
01766 {
01767   /* Push freshly killed item onto stack. */
01768   *((int **) dyingitem) = pool->deaditemstack;
01769   pool->deaditemstack = dyingitem;
01770   pool->items--;
01771 }
01772 
01773 /*****************************************************************************/
01774 /*                                                                           */
01775 /*  traversalinit()   Prepare to traverse the entire list of items.          */
01776 /*                                                                           */
01777 /*  This routine is used in conjunction with traverse().                     */
01778 /*                                                                           */
01779 /*****************************************************************************/
01780 
01781 void traversalinit(struct memorypool *pool)
01782 {
01783   unsigned long alignptr;
01784 
01785   /* Begin the traversal in the first block. */
01786   pool->pathblock = pool->firstblock;
01787   /* Find the first item in the block.  Increment by the size of (int *). */
01788   alignptr = (unsigned long) (pool->pathblock + 1);
01789   /* Align with item on an `alignbytes'-byte boundary. */
01790   pool->pathitem = (int *)
01791     (alignptr + (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes -
01792      (alignptr % (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes));
01793   /* Set the number of items left in the current block. */
01794   pool->pathitemsleft = pool->itemsfirstblock;
01795 }
01796 
01797 /*****************************************************************************/
01798 /*                                                                           */
01799 /*  traverse()   Find the next item in the list.                             */
01800 /*                                                                           */
01801 /*  This routine is used in conjunction with traversalinit().  Be forewarned */
01802 /*  that this routine successively returns all items in the list, including  */
01803 /*  deallocated ones on the deaditemqueue.  It's up to you to figure out     */
01804 /*  which ones are actually dead.  Why?  I don't want to allocate extra      */
01805 /*  space just to demarcate dead items.  It can usually be done more         */
01806 /*  space-efficiently by a routine that knows something about the structure  */
01807 /*  of the item.                                                             */
01808 /*                                                                           */
01809 /*****************************************************************************/
01810 
01811 int *traverse(struct memorypool *pool)
01812 {
01813   int *newitem;
01814   unsigned long alignptr;
01815 
01816   /* Stop upon exhausting the list of items. */
01817   if (pool->pathitem == pool->nextitem) {
01818     return (int *) NULL;
01819   }
01820 
01821   /* Check whether any untraversed items remain in the current block. */
01822   if (pool->pathitemsleft == 0) {
01823     /* Find the next block. */
01824     pool->pathblock = (int **) *(pool->pathblock);
01825     /* Find the first item in the block.  Increment by the size of (int *). */
01826     alignptr = (unsigned long) (pool->pathblock + 1);
01827     /* Align with item on an `alignbytes'-byte boundary. */
01828     pool->pathitem = (int *)
01829       (alignptr + (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes -
01830        (alignptr % (unsigned long) pool->alignbytes));
01831     /* Set the number of items left in the current block. */
01832     pool->pathitemsleft = pool->itemsperblock;
01833   }
01834 
01835   newitem = pool->pathitem;
01836   /* Find the next item in the block. */
01837   pool->pathitem = (int *) ((char *) pool->pathitem + pool->itembytes);
01838   pool->pathitemsleft--;
01839   return newitem;
01840 }
01841 
01842 /*****************************************************************************/
01843 /*                                                                           */
01844 /*  dummyinit()   Initialize the triangle that fills "outer space" and the   */
01845 /*                omnipresent subsegment.                                    */
01846 /*                                                                           */
01847 /*  The triangle that fills "outer space," called `dummytri', is pointed to  */
01848 /*  by every triangle and subsegment on a boundary (be it outer or inner) of */
01849 /*  the triangulation.  Also, `dummytri' points to one of the triangles on   */
01850 /*  the convex hull (until the holes and concavities are carved), making it  */
01851 /*  possible to find a starting triangle for point location.                 */
01852 /*                                                                           */
01853 /*  The omnipresent subsegment, `dummysub', is pointed to by every triangle  */
01854 /*  or subsegment that doesn't have a full complement of real subsegments    */
01855 /*  to point to.                                                             */
01856 /*                                                                           */
01857 /*  `dummytri' and `dummysub' are generally required to fulfill only a few   */
01858 /*  invariants:  their vertices must remain NULL and `dummytri' must always  */
01859 /*  be bonded (at offset zero) to some triangle on the convex hull of the    */
01860 /*  mesh, via a boundary edge.  Otherwise, the connections of `dummytri' and */
01861 /*  `dummysub' may change willy-nilly.  This makes it possible to avoid      */
01862 /*  writing a good deal of special-case code (in the edge flip, for example) */
01863 /*  for dealing with the boundary of the mesh, places where no subsegment is */
01864 /*  present, and so forth.  Other entities are frequently bonded to          */
01865 /*  `dummytri' and `dummysub' as if they were real mesh entities, with no    */
01866 /*  harm done.                                                               */
01867 /*                                                                           */
01868 /*****************************************************************************/
01869 
01870 void dummyinit(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, int trianglebytes,
01871                int subsegbytes)
01872 {
01873   unsigned long alignptr;
01874 
01875   /* Set up `dummytri', the `triangle' that occupies "outer space." */
01876   m->dummytribase = (triangle *) trimalloc(trianglebytes +
01877                                            m->triangles.alignbytes);
01878   /* Align `dummytri' on a `triangles.alignbytes'-byte boundary. */
01879   alignptr = (unsigned long) m->dummytribase;
01880   m->dummytri = (triangle *)
01881     (alignptr + (unsigned long) m->triangles.alignbytes -
01882      (alignptr % (unsigned long) m->triangles.alignbytes));
01883   /* Initialize the three adjoining triangles to be "outer space."  These  */
01884   /*   will eventually be changed by various bonding operations, but their */
01885   /*   values don't really matter, as long as they can legally be          */
01886   /*   dereferenced.                                                       */
01887   m->dummytri[0] = (triangle) m->dummytri;
01888   m->dummytri[1] = (triangle) m->dummytri;
01889   m->dummytri[2] = (triangle) m->dummytri;
01890   /* Three NULL vertices. */
01891   m->dummytri[3] = (triangle) NULL;
01892   m->dummytri[4] = (triangle) NULL;
01893   m->dummytri[5] = (triangle) NULL;
01894 
01895   if (b->usesegments) {
01896     /* Set up `dummysub', the omnipresent subsegment pointed to by any */
01897     /*   triangle side or subsegment end that isn't attached to a real */
01898     /*   subsegment.                                                   */
01899     m->dummysubbase = (subseg *) trimalloc(subsegbytes +
01900                                            m->subsegs.alignbytes);
01901     /* Align `dummysub' on a `subsegs.alignbytes'-byte boundary. */
01902     alignptr = (unsigned long) m->dummysubbase;
01903     m->dummysub = (subseg *)
01904       (alignptr + (unsigned long) m->subsegs.alignbytes -
01905        (alignptr % (unsigned long) m->subsegs.alignbytes));
01906     /* Initialize the two adjoining subsegments to be the omnipresent      */
01907     /*   subsegment.  These will eventually be changed by various bonding  */
01908     /*   operations, but their values don't really matter, as long as they */
01909     /*   can legally be dereferenced.                                      */
01910     m->dummysub[0] = (subseg) m->dummysub;
01911     m->dummysub[1] = (subseg) m->dummysub;
01912     /* Four NULL vertices. */
01913     m->dummysub[2] = (subseg) NULL;
01914     m->dummysub[3] = (subseg) NULL;
01915     m->dummysub[4] = (subseg) NULL;
01916     m->dummysub[5] = (subseg) NULL;
01917     /* Initialize the two adjoining triangles to be "outer space." */
01918     m->dummysub[6] = (subseg) m->dummytri;
01919     m->dummysub[7] = (subseg) m->dummytri;
01920     /* Set the boundary marker to zero. */
01921     * (int *) (m->dummysub + 8) = 0;
01922 
01923     /* Initialize the three adjoining subsegments of `dummytri' to be */
01924     /*   the omnipresent subsegment.                                  */
01925     m->dummytri[6] = (triangle) m->dummysub;
01926     m->dummytri[7] = (triangle) m->dummysub;
01927     m->dummytri[8] = (triangle) m->dummysub;
01928   }
01929 }
01930 
01931 /*****************************************************************************/
01932 /*                                                                           */
01933 /*  initializevertexpool()   Calculate the size of the vertex data structure */
01934 /*                           and initialize its memory pool.                 */
01935 /*                                                                           */
01936 /*  This routine also computes the `vertexmarkindex' and `vertex2triindex'   */
01937 /*  indices used to find values within each vertex.                          */
01938 /*                                                                           */
01939 /*****************************************************************************/
01940 
01941 void initializevertexpool(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
01942 {
01943   int vertexsize;
01944 
01945   /* The index within each vertex at which the boundary marker is found,    */
01946   /*   followed by the vertex type.  Ensure the vertex marker is aligned to */
01947   /*   a sizeof(int)-byte address.                                          */
01948   m->vertexmarkindex = ((m->mesh_dim + m->nextras) * sizeof(float) +
01949                         sizeof(int) - 1) /
01950                        sizeof(int);
01951   vertexsize = (m->vertexmarkindex + 2) * sizeof(int);
01952   if (b->poly) {
01953     /* The index within each vertex at which a triangle pointer is found.  */
01954     /*   Ensure the pointer is aligned to a sizeof(triangle)-byte address. */
01955     m->vertex2triindex = (vertexsize + sizeof(triangle) - 1) /
01956                          sizeof(triangle);
01957     vertexsize = (m->vertex2triindex + 1) * sizeof(triangle);
01958   }
01959 
01960   /* Initialize the pool of vertices. */
01961   poolinit(&m->vertices, vertexsize, VERTEXPERBLOCK,
01962            m->invertices > VERTEXPERBLOCK ? m->invertices : VERTEXPERBLOCK,
01963            sizeof(float));
01964 }
01965 
01966 /*****************************************************************************/
01967 /*                                                                           */
01968 /*  initializetrisubpools()   Calculate the sizes of the triangle and        */
01969 /*                            subsegment data structures and initialize      */
01970 /*                            their memory pools.                            */
01971 /*                                                                           */
01972 /*  This routine also computes the `highorderindex', `elemattribindex', and  */
01973 /*  `areaboundindex' indices used to find values within each triangle.       */
01974 /*                                                                           */
01975 /*****************************************************************************/
01976 
01977 void initializetrisubpools(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
01978 {
01979   int trisize;
01980 
01981   /* The index within each triangle at which the extra nodes (above three)  */
01982   /*   associated with high order elements are found.  There are three      */
01983   /*   pointers to other triangles, three pointers to corners, and possibly */
01984   /*   three pointers to subsegments before the extra nodes.                */
01985   m->highorderindex = 6 + (b->usesegments * 3);
01986   /* The number of bytes occupied by a triangle. */
01987   trisize = ((b->order + 1) * (b->order + 2) / 2 + (m->highorderindex - 3)) *
01988             sizeof(triangle);
01989   /* The index within each triangle at which its attributes are found, */
01990   /*   where the index is measured in floats.                           */
01991   m->elemattribindex = (trisize + sizeof(float) - 1) / sizeof(float);
01992   /* The index within each triangle at which the maximum area constraint  */
01993   /*   is found, where the index is measured in floats.  Note that if the  */
01994   /*   `regionattrib' flag is set, an additional attribute will be added. */
01995   m->areaboundindex = m->elemattribindex + m->eextras + b->regionattrib;
01996   /* If triangle attributes or an area bound are needed, increase the number */
01997   /*   of bytes occupied by a triangle.                                      */
01998   if (b->vararea) {
01999     trisize = (m->areaboundindex + 1) * sizeof(float);
02000   } else if (m->eextras + b->regionattrib > 0) {
02001     trisize = m->areaboundindex * sizeof(float);
02002   }
02003   /* If a Voronoi diagram or triangle neighbor graph is requested, make    */
02004   /*   sure there's room to store an integer index in each triangle.  This */
02005   /*   integer index can occupy the same space as the subsegment pointers  */
02006   /*   or attributes or area constraint or extra nodes.                    */
02007   if ((b->voronoi || b->neighbors) &&
02008       (trisize < 6 * (int)sizeof(triangle) + (int)sizeof(int))) {
02009     trisize = 6 * sizeof(triangle) + sizeof(int);
02010   }
02011 
02012   /* Having determined the memory size of a triangle, initialize the pool. */
02013   poolinit(&m->triangles, trisize, TRIPERBLOCK,
02014            (2 * m->invertices - 2) > TRIPERBLOCK ? (2 * m->invertices - 2) :
02015            TRIPERBLOCK, 4);
02016 
02017   if (b->usesegments) {
02018     /* Initialize the pool of subsegments.  Take into account all eight */
02019     /*   pointers and one boundary marker.                              */
02020     poolinit(&m->subsegs, 8 * sizeof(triangle) + sizeof(int),
02021              SUBSEGPERBLOCK, SUBSEGPERBLOCK, 4);
02022 
02023     /* Initialize the "outer space" triangle and omnipresent subsegment. */
02024     dummyinit(m, b, m->triangles.itembytes, m->subsegs.itembytes);
02025   } else {
02026     /* Initialize the "outer space" triangle. */
02027     dummyinit(m, b, m->triangles.itembytes, 0);
02028   }
02029 }
02030 
02031 /*****************************************************************************/
02032 /*                                                                           */
02033 /*  triangledealloc()   Deallocate space for a triangle, marking it dead.    */
02034 /*                                                                           */
02035 /*****************************************************************************/
02036 
02037 void triangledealloc(struct mesh *m, triangle *dyingtriangle)
02038 {
02039   /* Mark the triangle as dead.  This makes it possible to detect dead */
02040   /*   triangles when traversing the list of all triangles.            */
02041   killtri(dyingtriangle);
02042   pooldealloc(&m->triangles, (int *) dyingtriangle);
02043 }
02044 
02045 /*****************************************************************************/
02046 /*                                                                           */
02047 /*  triangletraverse()   Traverse the triangles, skipping dead ones.         */
02048 /*                                                                           */
02049 /*****************************************************************************/
02050 
02051 triangle *triangletraverse(struct mesh *m)
02052 {
02053   triangle *newtriangle;
02054 
02055   do {
02056     newtriangle = (triangle *) traverse(&m->triangles);
02057     if (newtriangle == (triangle *) NULL) {
02058       return (triangle *) NULL;
02059     }
02060   } while (deadtri(newtriangle));                         /* Skip dead ones. */
02061   return newtriangle;
02062 }
02063 
02064 /*****************************************************************************/
02065 /*                                                                           */
02066 /*  subsegdealloc()   Deallocate space for a subsegment, marking it dead.    */
02067 /*                                                                           */
02068 /*****************************************************************************/
02069 
02070 void subsegdealloc(struct mesh *m, subseg *dyingsubseg)
02071 {
02072   /* Mark the subsegment as dead.  This makes it possible to detect dead */
02073   /*   subsegments when traversing the list of all subsegments.          */
02074   killsubseg(dyingsubseg);
02075   pooldealloc(&m->subsegs, (int *) dyingsubseg);
02076 }
02077 
02078 /*****************************************************************************/
02079 /*                                                                           */
02080 /*  subsegtraverse()   Traverse the subsegments, skipping dead ones.         */
02081 /*                                                                           */
02082 /*****************************************************************************/
02083 
02084 subseg *subsegtraverse(struct mesh *m)
02085 {
02086   subseg *newsubseg;
02087 
02088   do {
02089     newsubseg = (subseg *) traverse(&m->subsegs);
02090     if (newsubseg == (subseg *) NULL) {
02091       return (subseg *) NULL;
02092     }
02093   } while (deadsubseg(newsubseg));                        /* Skip dead ones. */
02094   return newsubseg;
02095 }
02096 
02097 /*****************************************************************************/
02098 /*                                                                           */
02099 /*  vertexdealloc()   Deallocate space for a vertex, marking it dead.        */
02100 /*                                                                           */
02101 /*****************************************************************************/
02102 
02103 void vertexdealloc(struct mesh *m, vertex dyingvertex)
02104 {
02105   /* Mark the vertex as dead.  This makes it possible to detect dead */
02106   /*   vertices when traversing the list of all vertices.            */
02107   setvertextype(dyingvertex, DEADVERTEX);
02108   pooldealloc(&m->vertices, (int *) dyingvertex);
02109 }
02110 
02111 /*****************************************************************************/
02112 /*                                                                           */
02113 /*  vertextraverse()   Traverse the vertices, skipping dead ones.            */
02114 /*                                                                           */
02115 /*****************************************************************************/
02116 
02117 vertex vertextraverse(struct mesh *m)
02118 {
02119   vertex newvertex;
02120 
02121   do {
02122     newvertex = (vertex) traverse(&m->vertices);
02123     if (newvertex == (vertex) NULL) {
02124       return (vertex) NULL;
02125     }
02126   } while (vertextype(newvertex) == DEADVERTEX);          /* Skip dead ones. */
02127   return newvertex;
02128 }
02129 
02130 /*****************************************************************************/
02131 /*                                                                           */
02132 /*  getvertex()   Get a specific vertex, by number, from the list.           */
02133 /*                                                                           */
02134 /*  The first vertex is number 'firstnumber'.                                */
02135 /*                                                                           */
02136 /*  Note that this takes O(n) time (with a small constant, if VERTEXPERBLOCK */
02137 /*  is large).  I don't care to take the trouble to make it work in constant */
02138 /*  time.                                                                    */
02139 /*                                                                           */
02140 /*****************************************************************************/
02141 
02142 vertex getvertex(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, int number)
02143 {
02144   int **getblock;
02145   char *foundvertex;
02146   unsigned long alignptr;
02147   int current;
02148 
02149   getblock = m->vertices.firstblock;
02150   current = b->firstnumber;
02151 
02152   /* Find the right block. */
02153   if (current + m->vertices.itemsfirstblock <= number) {
02154     getblock = (int **) *getblock;
02155     current += m->vertices.itemsfirstblock;
02156     while (current + m->vertices.itemsperblock <= number) {
02157       getblock = (int **) *getblock;
02158       current += m->vertices.itemsperblock;
02159     }
02160   }
02161 
02162   /* Now find the right vertex. */
02163   alignptr = (unsigned long) (getblock + 1);
02164   foundvertex = (char *) (alignptr + (unsigned long) m->vertices.alignbytes -
02165                           (alignptr % (unsigned long) m->vertices.alignbytes));
02166   return (vertex) (foundvertex + m->vertices.itembytes * (number - current));
02167 }
02168 
02169 /*****************************************************************************/
02170 /*                                                                           */
02171 /*  triangledeinit()   Free all remaining allocated memory.                  */
02172 /*                                                                           */
02173 /*****************************************************************************/
02174 
02175 void triangledeinit(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
02176 {
02177   pooldeinit(&m->triangles);
02178   trifree((int *) m->dummytribase);
02179   if (b->usesegments) {
02180     pooldeinit(&m->subsegs);
02181     trifree((int *) m->dummysubbase);
02182   }
02183   pooldeinit(&m->vertices);
02184 }
02185 
02188 /********* Memory management routines end here                       *********/
02189 
02190 /********* Constructors begin here                                   *********/
02194 /*****************************************************************************/
02195 /*                                                                           */
02196 /*  maketriangle()   Create a new triangle with orientation zero.            */
02197 /*                                                                           */
02198 /*****************************************************************************/
02199 
02200 void maketriangle(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *newotri)
02201 {
02202   int i;
02203 
02204   newotri->tri = (triangle *) poolalloc(&m->triangles);
02205   /* Initialize the three adjoining triangles to be "outer space". */
02206   newotri->tri[0] = (triangle) m->dummytri;
02207   newotri->tri[1] = (triangle) m->dummytri;
02208   newotri->tri[2] = (triangle) m->dummytri;
02209   /* Three NULL vertices. */
02210   newotri->tri[3] = (triangle) NULL;
02211   newotri->tri[4] = (triangle) NULL;
02212   newotri->tri[5] = (triangle) NULL;
02213   if (b->usesegments) {
02214     /* Initialize the three adjoining subsegments to be the omnipresent */
02215     /*   subsegment.                                                    */
02216     newotri->tri[6] = (triangle) m->dummysub;
02217     newotri->tri[7] = (triangle) m->dummysub;
02218     newotri->tri[8] = (triangle) m->dummysub;
02219   }
02220   for (i = 0; i < m->eextras; i++) {
02221     setelemattribute(*newotri, i, 0.0);
02222   }
02223   if (b->vararea) {
02224     setareabound(*newotri, -1.0);
02225   }
02226 
02227   newotri->orient = 0;
02228 }
02229 
02230 /*****************************************************************************/
02231 /*                                                                           */
02232 /*  makesubseg()   Create a new subsegment with orientation zero.            */
02233 /*                                                                           */
02234 /*****************************************************************************/
02235 
02236 void makesubseg(struct mesh *m, struct osub *newsubseg)
02237 {
02238   newsubseg->ss = (subseg *) poolalloc(&m->subsegs);
02239   /* Initialize the two adjoining subsegments to be the omnipresent */
02240   /*   subsegment.                                                  */
02241   newsubseg->ss[0] = (subseg) m->dummysub;
02242   newsubseg->ss[1] = (subseg) m->dummysub;
02243   /* Four NULL vertices. */
02244   newsubseg->ss[2] = (subseg) NULL;
02245   newsubseg->ss[3] = (subseg) NULL;
02246   newsubseg->ss[4] = (subseg) NULL;
02247   newsubseg->ss[5] = (subseg) NULL;
02248   /* Initialize the two adjoining triangles to be "outer space." */
02249   newsubseg->ss[6] = (subseg) m->dummytri;
02250   newsubseg->ss[7] = (subseg) m->dummytri;
02251   /* Set the boundary marker to zero. */
02252   setmark(*newsubseg, 0);
02253 
02254   newsubseg->ssorient = 0;
02255 }
02256 
02259 /********* Constructors end here                                     *********/
02260 
02261 /********* Geometric primitives begin here                           *********/
02265 /* The adaptive exact arithmetic geometric predicates implemented herein are */
02266 /*   described in detail in my paper, "Adaptive Precision Floating-Point     */
02267 /*   Arithmetic and Fast Robust Geometric Predicates."  See the header for a */
02268 /*   full citation.                                                          */
02269 
02270 /* Which of the following two methods of finding the absolute values is      */
02271 /*   fastest is compiler-dependent.  A few compilers can inline and optimize */
02272 /*   the fabs() call; but most will incur the overhead of a function call,   */
02273 /*   which is disastrously slow.  A faster way on IEEE machines might be to  */
02274 /*   mask the appropriate bit, but that's difficult to do in C without       */
02275 /*   forcing the value to be stored to memory (rather than be kept in the    */
02276 /*   register to which the optimizer assigned it).                           */
02277 
02278 #define Absolute(a)  ((a) >= 0.0 ? (a) : -(a))
02279 /* #define Absolute(a)  fabs(a) */
02280 
02281 /* Many of the operations are broken up into two pieces, a main part that    */
02282 /*   performs an approximate operation, and a "tail" that computes the       */
02283 /*   roundoff error of that operation.                                       */
02284 /*                                                                           */
02285 /* The operations Fast_Two_Sum(), Fast_Two_Diff(), Two_Sum(), Two_Diff(),    */
02286 /*   Split(), and Two_Product() are all implemented as described in the      */
02287 /*   reference.  Each of these macros requires certain variables to be       */
02288 /*   defined in the calling routine.  The variables `bvirt', `c', `abig',    */
02289 /*   `_i', `_j', `_k', `_l', `_m', and `_n' are declared `INEXACT' because   */
02290 /*   they store the result of an operation that may incur roundoff error.    */
02291 /*   The input parameter `x' (or the highest numbered `x_' parameter) must   */
02292 /*   also be declared `INEXACT'.                                             */
02293 
02294 #define Fast_Two_Sum_Tail(a, b, x, y) \
02295   bvirt = x - a; \
02296   y = b - bvirt
02297 
02298 #define Fast_Two_Sum(a, b, x, y) \
02299   x = (float) (a + b); \
02300   Fast_Two_Sum_Tail(a, b, x, y)
02301 
02302 #define Two_Sum_Tail(a, b, x, y) \
02303   bvirt = (float) (x - a); \
02304   avirt = x - bvirt; \
02305   bround = b - bvirt; \
02306   around = a - avirt; \
02307   y = around + bround
02308 
02309 #define Two_Sum(a, b, x, y) \
02310   x = (float) (a + b); \
02311   Two_Sum_Tail(a, b, x, y)
02312 
02313 #define Two_Diff_Tail(a, b, x, y) \
02314   bvirt = (float) (a - x); \
02315   avirt = x + bvirt; \
02316   bround = bvirt - b; \
02317   around = a - avirt; \
02318   y = around + bround
02319 
02320 #define Two_Diff(a, b, x, y) \
02321   x = (float) (a - b); \
02322   Two_Diff_Tail(a, b, x, y)
02323 
02324 #define Split(a, ahi, alo) \
02325   c = (float) (splitter * a); \
02326   abig = (float) (c - a); \
02327   ahi = c - abig; \
02328   alo = a - ahi
02329 
02330 #define Two_Product_Tail(a, b, x, y) \
02331   Split(a, ahi, alo); \
02332   Split(b, bhi, blo); \
02333   err1 = x - (ahi * bhi); \
02334   err2 = err1 - (alo * bhi); \
02335   err3 = err2 - (ahi * blo); \
02336   y = (alo * blo) - err3
02337 
02338 #define Two_Product(a, b, x, y) \
02339   x = (float) (a * b); \
02340   Two_Product_Tail(a, b, x, y)
02341 
02342 /* Two_Product_Presplit() is Two_Product() where one of the inputs has       */
02343 /*   already been split.  Avoids redundant splitting.                        */
02344 
02345 #define Two_Product_Presplit(a, b, bhi, blo, x, y) \
02346   x = (float) (a * b); \
02347   Split(a, ahi, alo); \
02348   err1 = x - (ahi * bhi); \
02349   err2 = err1 - (alo * bhi); \
02350   err3 = err2 - (ahi * blo); \
02351   y = (alo * blo) - err3
02352 
02353 /* Square() can be done more quickly than Two_Product().                     */
02354 
02355 #define Square_Tail(a, x, y) \
02356   Split(a, ahi, alo); \
02357   err1 = x - (ahi * ahi); \
02358   err3 = err1 - ((ahi + ahi) * alo); \
02359   y = (alo * alo) - err3
02360 
02361 #define Square(a, x, y) \
02362   x = (float) (a * a); \
02363   Square_Tail(a, x, y)
02364 
02365 /* Macros for summing expansions of various fixed lengths.  These are all    */
02366 /*   unrolled versions of Expansion_Sum().                                   */
02367 
02368 #define Two_One_Sum(a1, a0, b, x2, x1, x0) \
02369   Two_Sum(a0, b , _i, x0); \
02370   Two_Sum(a1, _i, x2, x1)
02371 
02372 #define Two_One_Diff(a1, a0, b, x2, x1, x0) \
02373   Two_Diff(a0, b , _i, x0); \
02374   Two_Sum( a1, _i, x2, x1)
02375 
02376 #define Two_Two_Sum(a1, a0, b1, b0, x3, x2, x1, x0) \
02377   Two_One_Sum(a1, a0, b0, _j, _0, x0); \
02378   Two_One_Sum(_j, _0, b1, x3, x2, x1)
02379 
02380 #define Two_Two_Diff(a1, a0, b1, b0, x3, x2, x1, x0) \
02381   Two_One_Diff(a1, a0, b0, _j, _0, x0); \
02382   Two_One_Diff(_j, _0, b1, x3, x2, x1)
02383 
02384 /* Macro for multiplying a two-component expansion by a single component.    */
02385 
02386 #define Two_One_Product(a1, a0, b, x3, x2, x1, x0) \
02387   Split(b, bhi, blo); \
02388   Two_Product_Presplit(a0, b, bhi, blo, _i, x0); \
02389   Two_Product_Presplit(a1, b, bhi, blo, _j, _0); \
02390   Two_Sum(_i, _0, _k, x1); \
02391   Fast_Two_Sum(_j, _k, x3, x2)
02392 
02393 /*****************************************************************************/
02394 /*                                                                           */
02395 /*  exactinit()   Initialize the variables used for exact arithmetic.        */
02396 /*                                                                           */
02397 /*  `epsilon' is the largest power of two such that 1.0 + epsilon = 1.0 in   */
02398 /*  floating-point arithmetic.  `epsilon' bounds the relative roundoff       */
02399 /*  error.  It is used for floating-point error analysis.                    */
02400 /*                                                                           */
02401 /*  `splitter' is used to split floating-point numbers into two half-        */
02402 /*  length significands for exact multiplication.                            */
02403 /*                                                                           */
02404 /*  I imagine that a highly optimizing compiler might be too smart for its   */
02405 /*  own good, and somehow cause this routine to fail, if it pretends that    */
02406 /*  floating-point arithmetic is too much like real arithmetic.              */
02407 /*                                                                           */
02408 /*  Don't change this routine unless you fully understand it.                */
02409 /*                                                                           */
02410 /*****************************************************************************/
02411 
02412 void exactinit()
02413 {
02414   float half;
02415   float check, lastcheck;
02416   int every_other;
02417   every_other = 1;
02418   half = 0.5;
02419   epsilon = 1.0;
02420   splitter = 1.0;
02421   check = 1.0;
02422   /* Repeatedly divide `epsilon' by two until it is too small to add to      */
02423   /*   one without causing roundoff.  (Also check if the sum is equal to     */
02424   /*   the previous sum, for machines that round up instead of using exact   */
02425   /*   rounding.  Not that these routines will work on such machines.)       */
02426   do {
02427     lastcheck = check;
02428     epsilon *= half;
02429     if (every_other) {
02430       splitter *= 2.0;
02431     }
02432     every_other = !every_other;
02433     check = 1.0 + epsilon;
02434   } while ((check != 1.0) && (check != lastcheck));
02435   splitter += 1.0;
02436   /* Error bounds for orientation and incircle tests. */
02437   resulterrbound = (3.0 + 8.0 * epsilon) * epsilon;
02438   ccwerrboundA = (3.0 + 16.0 * epsilon) * epsilon;
02439   ccwerrboundB = (2.0 + 12.0 * epsilon) * epsilon;
02440   ccwerrboundC = (9.0 + 64.0 * epsilon) * epsilon * epsilon;
02441   iccerrboundA = (10.0 + 96.0 * epsilon) * epsilon;
02442   iccerrboundB = (4.0 + 48.0 * epsilon) * epsilon;
02443   iccerrboundC = (44.0 + 576.0 * epsilon) * epsilon * epsilon;
02444   o3derrboundA = (7.0 + 56.0 * epsilon) * epsilon;
02445   o3derrboundB = (3.0 + 28.0 * epsilon) * epsilon;
02446   o3derrboundC = (26.0 + 288.0 * epsilon) * epsilon * epsilon;
02447 }
02448 
02449 /*****************************************************************************/
02450 /*                                                                           */
02451 /*  fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim()   Sum two expansions, eliminating zero     */
02452 /*                                  components from the output expansion.    */
02453 /*                                                                           */
02454 /*  Sets h = e + f.  See my Robust Predicates paper for details.             */
02455 /*                                                                           */
02456 /*  If round-to-even is used (as with IEEE 754), maintains the strongly      */
02457 /*  nonoverlapping property.  (That is, if e is strongly nonoverlapping, h   */
02458 /*  will be also.)  Does NOT maintain the nonoverlapping or nonadjacent      */
02459 /*  properties.                                                              */
02460 /*                                                                           */
02461 /*****************************************************************************/
02462 
02463 int fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(int elen, float *e, int flen, float *f, float *h)
02464 {
02465   float Q;
02466   float Qnew;
02467   float hh;
02468   float bvirt;
02469   float avirt, bround, around;
02470   int eindex, findex, hindex;
02471   float enow, fnow;
02472 
02473   enow = e[0];
02474   fnow = f[0];
02475   eindex = findex = 0;
02476   if ((fnow > enow) == (fnow > -enow)) {
02477     Q = enow;
02478     enow = e[++eindex];
02479   } else {
02480     Q = fnow;
02481     fnow = f[++findex];
02482   }
02483   hindex = 0;
02484   if ((eindex < elen) && (findex < flen)) {
02485     if ((fnow > enow) == (fnow > -enow)) {
02486       Fast_Two_Sum(enow, Q, Qnew, hh);
02487       enow = e[++eindex];
02488     } else {
02489       Fast_Two_Sum(fnow, Q, Qnew, hh);
02490       fnow = f[++findex];
02491     }
02492     Q = Qnew;
02493     if (hh != 0.0) {
02494       h[hindex++] = hh;
02495     }
02496     while ((eindex < elen) && (findex < flen)) {
02497       if ((fnow > enow) == (fnow > -enow)) {
02498         Two_Sum(Q, enow, Qnew, hh);
02499         enow = e[++eindex];
02500       } else {
02501         Two_Sum(Q, fnow, Qnew, hh);
02502         fnow = f[++findex];
02503       }
02504       Q = Qnew;
02505       if (hh != 0.0) {
02506         h[hindex++] = hh;
02507       }
02508     }
02509   }
02510   while (eindex < elen) {
02511     Two_Sum(Q, enow, Qnew, hh);
02512     enow = e[++eindex];
02513     Q = Qnew;
02514     if (hh != 0.0) {
02515       h[hindex++] = hh;
02516     }
02517   }
02518   while (findex < flen) {
02519     Two_Sum(Q, fnow, Qnew, hh);
02520     fnow = f[++findex];
02521     Q = Qnew;
02522     if (hh != 0.0) {
02523       h[hindex++] = hh;
02524     }
02525   }
02526   if ((Q != 0.0) || (hindex == 0)) {
02527     h[hindex++] = Q;
02528   }
02529   return hindex;
02530 }
02531 
02532 /*****************************************************************************/
02533 /*                                                                           */
02534 /*  scale_expansion_zeroelim()   Multiply an expansion by a scalar,          */
02535 /*                               eliminating zero components from the        */
02536 /*                               output expansion.                           */
02537 /*                                                                           */
02538 /*  Sets h = be.  See my Robust Predicates paper for details.                */
02539 /*                                                                           */
02540 /*  Maintains the nonoverlapping property.  If round-to-even is used (as     */
02541 /*  with IEEE 754), maintains the strongly nonoverlapping and nonadjacent    */
02542 /*  properties as well.  (That is, if e has one of these properties, so      */
02543 /*  will h.)                                                                 */
02544 /*                                                                           */
02545 /*****************************************************************************/
02546 
02547 int scale_expansion_zeroelim(int elen, float *e, float b, float *h)
02548 {
02549   float Q, sum;
02550   float hh;
02551   float product1;
02552   float product0;
02553   int eindex, hindex;
02554   float enow;
02555   float bvirt;
02556   float avirt, bround, around;
02557   float c;
02558   float abig;
02559   float ahi, alo, bhi, blo;
02560   float err1, err2, err3;
02561 
02562   Split(b, bhi, blo);
02563   Two_Product_Presplit(e[0], b, bhi, blo, Q, hh);
02564   hindex = 0;
02565   if (hh != 0) {
02566     h[hindex++] = hh;
02567   }
02568   for (eindex = 1; eindex < elen; eindex++) {
02569     enow = e[eindex];
02570     Two_Product_Presplit(enow, b, bhi, blo, product1, product0);
02571     Two_Sum(Q, product0, sum, hh);
02572     if (hh != 0) {
02573       h[hindex++] = hh;
02574     }
02575     Fast_Two_Sum(product1, sum, Q, hh);
02576     if (hh != 0) {
02577       h[hindex++] = hh;
02578     }
02579   }
02580   if ((Q != 0.0) || (hindex == 0)) {
02581     h[hindex++] = Q;
02582   }
02583   return hindex;
02584 }
02585 
02586 /*****************************************************************************/
02587 /*                                                                           */
02588 /*  estimate()   Produce a one-word estimate of an expansion's value.        */
02589 /*                                                                           */
02590 /*  See my Robust Predicates paper for details.                              */
02591 /*                                                                           */
02592 /*****************************************************************************/
02593 
02594 float estimate(int elen, float *e)
02595 {
02596   float Q;
02597   int eindex;
02598   Q = e[0];
02599   for (eindex = 1; eindex < elen; eindex++) {
02600     Q += e[eindex];
02601   }
02602   return Q;
02603 }
02604 
02605 /*****************************************************************************/
02606 /*                                                                           */
02607 /*  counterclockwise()   Return a positive value if the points pa, pb, and   */
02608 /*                       pc occur in counterclockwise order; a negative      */
02609 /*                       value if they occur in clockwise order; and zero    */
02610 /*                       if they are collinear.  The result is also a rough  */
02611 /*                       approximation of twice the signed area of the       */
02612 /*                       triangle defined by the three points.               */
02613 /*                                                                           */
02614 /*  Uses exact arithmetic if necessary to ensure a correct answer.  The      */
02615 /*  result returned is the determinant of a matrix.  This determinant is     */
02616 /*  computed adaptively, in the sense that exact arithmetic is used only to  */
02617 /*  the degree it is needed to ensure that the returned value has the        */
02618 /*  correct sign.  Hence, this function is usually quite fast, but will run  */
02619 /*  more slowly when the input points are collinear or nearly so.            */
02620 /*                                                                           */
02621 /*  See my Robust Predicates paper for details.                              */
02622 /*                                                                           */
02623 /*****************************************************************************/
02624 
02625 float counterclockwiseadapt(vertex pa, vertex pb, vertex pc, float detsum)
02626 {
02627   float acx, acy, bcx, bcy;
02628   float acxtail, acytail, bcxtail, bcytail;
02629   float detleft, detright;
02630   float detlefttail, detrighttail;
02631   float det, errbound;
02632   float B[4], C1[8], C2[12], D[16];
02633   float B3;
02634   int C1length, C2length, Dlength;
02635   float u[4];
02636   float u3;
02637   float s1, t1;
02638   float s0, t0;
02639 
02640   float bvirt;
02641   float avirt, bround, around;
02642   float c;
02643   float abig;
02644   float ahi, alo, bhi, blo;
02645   float err1, err2, err3;
02646   float _i, _j;
02647   float _0;
02648 
02649   acx = (float) (pa[0] - pc[0]);
02650   bcx = (float) (pb[0] - pc[0]);
02651   acy = (float) (pa[1] - pc[1]);
02652   bcy = (float) (pb[1] - pc[1]);
02653 
02654   Two_Product(acx, bcy, detleft, detlefttail);
02655   Two_Product(acy, bcx, detright, detrighttail);
02656 
02657   Two_Two_Diff(detleft, detlefttail, detright, detrighttail,
02658                B3, B[2], B[1], B[0]);
02659   B[3] = B3;
02660 
02661   det = estimate(4, B);
02662   errbound = ccwerrboundB * detsum;
02663   if ((det >= errbound) || (-det >= errbound)) {
02664     return det;
02665   }
02666 
02667   Two_Diff_Tail(pa[0], pc[0], acx, acxtail);
02668   Two_Diff_Tail(pb[0], pc[0], bcx, bcxtail);
02669   Two_Diff_Tail(pa[1], pc[1], acy, acytail);
02670   Two_Diff_Tail(pb[1], pc[1], bcy, bcytail);
02671 
02672   if ((acxtail == 0.0) && (acytail == 0.0)
02673       && (bcxtail == 0.0) && (bcytail == 0.0)) {
02674     return det;
02675   }
02676 
02677   errbound = ccwerrboundC * detsum + resulterrbound * Absolute(det);
02678   det += (acx * bcytail + bcy * acxtail)
02679        - (acy * bcxtail + bcx * acytail);
02680   if ((det >= errbound) || (-det >= errbound)) {
02681     return det;
02682   }
02683 
02684   Two_Product(acxtail, bcy, s1, s0);
02685   Two_Product(acytail, bcx, t1, t0);
02686   Two_Two_Diff(s1, s0, t1, t0, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
02687   u[3] = u3;
02688   C1length = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(4, B, 4, u, C1);
02689 
02690   Two_Product(acx, bcytail, s1, s0);
02691   Two_Product(acy, bcxtail, t1, t0);
02692   Two_Two_Diff(s1, s0, t1, t0, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
02693   u[3] = u3;
02694   C2length = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(C1length, C1, 4, u, C2);
02695 
02696   Two_Product(acxtail, bcytail, s1, s0);
02697   Two_Product(acytail, bcxtail, t1, t0);
02698   Two_Two_Diff(s1, s0, t1, t0, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
02699   u[3] = u3;
02700   Dlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(C2length, C2, 4, u, D);
02701 
02702   return(D[Dlength - 1]);
02703 }
02704 
02705 float counterclockwise(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
02706                       vertex pa, vertex pb, vertex pc)
02707 {
02708   float detleft, detright, det;
02709   float detsum, errbound;
02710 
02711   m->counterclockcount++;
02712 
02713   detleft = (pa[0] - pc[0]) * (pb[1] - pc[1]);
02714   detright = (pa[1] - pc[1]) * (pb[0] - pc[0]);
02715   det = detleft - detright;
02716 
02717   if (b->noexact) {
02718     return det;
02719   }
02720 
02721   if (detleft > 0.0) {
02722     if (detright <= 0.0) {
02723       return det;
02724     } else {
02725       detsum = detleft + detright;
02726     }
02727   } else if (detleft < 0.0) {
02728     if (detright >= 0.0) {
02729       return det;
02730     } else {
02731       detsum = -detleft - detright;
02732     }
02733   } else {
02734     return det;
02735   }
02736 
02737   errbound = ccwerrboundA * detsum;
02738   if ((det >= errbound) || (-det >= errbound)) {
02739     return det;
02740   }
02741 
02742   return counterclockwiseadapt(pa, pb, pc, detsum);
02743 }
02744 
02745 /*****************************************************************************/
02746 /*                                                                           */
02747 /*  incircle()   Return a positive value if the point pd lies inside the     */
02748 /*               circle passing through pa, pb, and pc; a negative value if  */
02749 /*               it lies outside; and zero if the four points are cocircular.*/
02750 /*               The points pa, pb, and pc must be in counterclockwise       */
02751 /*               order, or the sign of the result will be reversed.          */
02752 /*                                                                           */
02753 /*  Uses exact arithmetic if necessary to ensure a correct answer.  The      */
02754 /*  result returned is the determinant of a matrix.  This determinant is     */
02755 /*  computed adaptively, in the sense that exact arithmetic is used only to  */
02756 /*  the degree it is needed to ensure that the returned value has the        */
02757 /*  correct sign.  Hence, this function is usually quite fast, but will run  */
02758 /*  more slowly when the input points are cocircular or nearly so.           */
02759 /*                                                                           */
02760 /*  See my Robust Predicates paper for details.                              */
02761 /*                                                                           */
02762 /*****************************************************************************/
02763 
02764 float incircleadapt(vertex pa, vertex pb, vertex pc, vertex pd, float permanent)
02765 {
02766   float adx, bdx, cdx, ady, bdy, cdy;
02767   float det, errbound;
02768 
02769   float bdxcdy1, cdxbdy1, cdxady1, adxcdy1, adxbdy1, bdxady1;
02770   float bdxcdy0, cdxbdy0, cdxady0, adxcdy0, adxbdy0, bdxady0;
02771   float bc[4], ca[4], ab[4];
02772   float bc3, ca3, ab3;
02773   float axbc[8], axxbc[16], aybc[8], ayybc[16], adet[32];
02774   int axbclen, axxbclen, aybclen, ayybclen, alen;
02775   float bxca[8], bxxca[16], byca[8], byyca[16], bdet[32];
02776   int bxcalen, bxxcalen, bycalen, byycalen, blen;
02777   float cxab[8], cxxab[16], cyab[8], cyyab[16], cdet[32];
02778   int cxablen, cxxablen, cyablen, cyyablen, clen;
02779   float abdet[64];
02780   int ablen;
02781   float fin1[1152], fin2[1152];
02782   float *finnow, *finother, *finswap;
02783   int finlength;
02784 
02785   float adxtail, bdxtail, cdxtail, adytail, bdytail, cdytail;
02786   float adxadx1, adyady1, bdxbdx1, bdybdy1, cdxcdx1, cdycdy1;
02787   float adxadx0, adyady0, bdxbdx0, bdybdy0, cdxcdx0, cdycdy0;
02788   float aa[4], bb[4], cc[4];
02789   float aa3, bb3, cc3;
02790   float ti1, tj1;
02791   float ti0, tj0;
02792   float u[4], v[4];
02793   float u3, v3;
02794   float temp8[8], temp16a[16], temp16b[16], temp16c[16];
02795   float temp32a[32], temp32b[32], temp48[48], temp64[64];
02796   int temp8len, temp16alen, temp16blen, temp16clen;
02797   int temp32alen, temp32blen, temp48len, temp64len;
02798   float axtbb[8], axtcc[8], aytbb[8], aytcc[8];
02799   int axtbblen, axtcclen, aytbblen, aytcclen;
02800   float bxtaa[8], bxtcc[8], bytaa[8], bytcc[8];
02801   int bxtaalen, bxtcclen, bytaalen, bytcclen;
02802   float cxtaa[8], cxtbb[8], cytaa[8], cytbb[8];
02803   int cxtaalen, cxtbblen, cytaalen, cytbblen;
02804   float axtbc[8], aytbc[8], bxtca[8], bytca[8], cxtab[8], cytab[8];
02805   int axtbclen, aytbclen, bxtcalen, bytcalen, cxtablen, cytablen;
02806   float axtbct[16], aytbct[16], bxtcat[16], bytcat[16], cxtabt[16], cytabt[16];
02807   int axtbctlen, aytbctlen, bxtcatlen, bytcatlen, cxtabtlen, cytabtlen;
02808   float axtbctt[8], aytbctt[8], bxtcatt[8];
02809   float bytcatt[8], cxtabtt[8], cytabtt[8];
02810   int axtbcttlen, aytbcttlen, bxtcattlen, bytcattlen, cxtabttlen, cytabttlen;
02811   float abt[8], bct[8], cat[8];
02812   int abtlen, bctlen, catlen;
02813   float abtt[4], bctt[4], catt[4];
02814   int abttlen, bcttlen, cattlen;
02815   float abtt3, bctt3, catt3;
02816   float negate;
02817 
02818   float bvirt;
02819   float avirt, bround, around;
02820   float c;
02821   float abig;
02822   float ahi, alo, bhi, blo;
02823   float err1, err2, err3;
02824   float _i, _j;
02825   float _0;
02826 
02827   adx = (float) (pa[0] - pd[0]);
02828   bdx = (float) (pb[0] - pd[0]);
02829   cdx = (float) (pc[0] - pd[0]);
02830   ady = (float) (pa[1] - pd[1]);
02831   bdy = (float) (pb[1] - pd[1]);
02832   cdy = (float) (pc[1] - pd[1]);
02833 
02834   Two_Product(bdx, cdy, bdxcdy1, bdxcdy0);
02835   Two_Product(cdx, bdy, cdxbdy1, cdxbdy0);
02836   Two_Two_Diff(bdxcdy1, bdxcdy0, cdxbdy1, cdxbdy0, bc3, bc[2], bc[1], bc[0]);
02837   bc[3] = bc3;
02838   axbclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bc, adx, axbc);
02839   axxbclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axbclen, axbc, adx, axxbc);
02840   aybclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bc, ady, aybc);
02841   ayybclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aybclen, aybc, ady, ayybc);
02842   alen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(axxbclen, axxbc, ayybclen, ayybc, adet);
02843 
02844   Two_Product(cdx, ady, cdxady1, cdxady0);
02845   Two_Product(adx, cdy, adxcdy1, adxcdy0);
02846   Two_Two_Diff(cdxady1, cdxady0, adxcdy1, adxcdy0, ca3, ca[2], ca[1], ca[0]);
02847   ca[3] = ca3;
02848   bxcalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ca, bdx, bxca);
02849   bxxcalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxcalen, bxca, bdx, bxxca);
02850   bycalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ca, bdy, byca);
02851   byycalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bycalen, byca, bdy, byyca);
02852   blen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(bxxcalen, bxxca, byycalen, byyca, bdet);
02853 
02854   Two_Product(adx, bdy, adxbdy1, adxbdy0);
02855   Two_Product(bdx, ady, bdxady1, bdxady0);
02856   Two_Two_Diff(adxbdy1, adxbdy0, bdxady1, bdxady0, ab3, ab[2], ab[1], ab[0]);
02857   ab[3] = ab3;
02858   cxablen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ab, cdx, cxab);
02859   cxxablen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxablen, cxab, cdx, cxxab);
02860   cyablen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ab, cdy, cyab);
02861   cyyablen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cyablen, cyab, cdy, cyyab);
02862   clen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(cxxablen, cxxab, cyyablen, cyyab, cdet);
02863 
02864   ablen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(alen, adet, blen, bdet, abdet);
02865   finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(ablen, abdet, clen, cdet, fin1);
02866 
02867   det = estimate(finlength, fin1);
02868   errbound = iccerrboundB * permanent;
02869   if ((det >= errbound) || (-det >= errbound)) {
02870     return det;
02871   }
02872 
02873   Two_Diff_Tail(pa[0], pd[0], adx, adxtail);
02874   Two_Diff_Tail(pa[1], pd[1], ady, adytail);
02875   Two_Diff_Tail(pb[0], pd[0], bdx, bdxtail);
02876   Two_Diff_Tail(pb[1], pd[1], bdy, bdytail);
02877   Two_Diff_Tail(pc[0], pd[0], cdx, cdxtail);
02878   Two_Diff_Tail(pc[1], pd[1], cdy, cdytail);
02879   if ((adxtail == 0.0) && (bdxtail == 0.0) && (cdxtail == 0.0)
02880       && (adytail == 0.0) && (bdytail == 0.0) && (cdytail == 0.0)) {
02881     return det;
02882   }
02883 
02884   errbound = iccerrboundC * permanent + resulterrbound * Absolute(det);
02885   det += ((adx * adx + ady * ady) * ((bdx * cdytail + cdy * bdxtail)
02886                                      - (bdy * cdxtail + cdx * bdytail))
02887           + 2.0 * (adx * adxtail + ady * adytail) * (bdx * cdy - bdy * cdx))
02888        + ((bdx * bdx + bdy * bdy) * ((cdx * adytail + ady * cdxtail)
02889                                      - (cdy * adxtail + adx * cdytail))
02890           + 2.0 * (bdx * bdxtail + bdy * bdytail) * (cdx * ady - cdy * adx))
02891        + ((cdx * cdx + cdy * cdy) * ((adx * bdytail + bdy * adxtail)
02892                                      - (ady * bdxtail + bdx * adytail))
02893           + 2.0 * (cdx * cdxtail + cdy * cdytail) * (adx * bdy - ady * bdx));
02894   if ((det >= errbound) || (-det >= errbound)) {
02895     return det;
02896   }
02897 
02898   finnow = fin1;
02899   finother = fin2;
02900 
02901   if ((bdxtail != 0.0) || (bdytail != 0.0)
02902       || (cdxtail != 0.0) || (cdytail != 0.0)) {
02903     Square(adx, adxadx1, adxadx0);
02904     Square(ady, adyady1, adyady0);
02905     Two_Two_Sum(adxadx1, adxadx0, adyady1, adyady0, aa3, aa[2], aa[1], aa[0]);
02906     aa[3] = aa3;
02907   }
02908   if ((cdxtail != 0.0) || (cdytail != 0.0)
02909       || (adxtail != 0.0) || (adytail != 0.0)) {
02910     Square(bdx, bdxbdx1, bdxbdx0);
02911     Square(bdy, bdybdy1, bdybdy0);
02912     Two_Two_Sum(bdxbdx1, bdxbdx0, bdybdy1, bdybdy0, bb3, bb[2], bb[1], bb[0]);
02913     bb[3] = bb3;
02914   }
02915   if ((adxtail != 0.0) || (adytail != 0.0)
02916       || (bdxtail != 0.0) || (bdytail != 0.0)) {
02917     Square(cdx, cdxcdx1, cdxcdx0);
02918     Square(cdy, cdycdy1, cdycdy0);
02919     Two_Two_Sum(cdxcdx1, cdxcdx0, cdycdy1, cdycdy0, cc3, cc[2], cc[1], cc[0]);
02920     cc[3] = cc3;
02921   }
02922 
02923   if (adxtail != 0.0) {
02924     axtbclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bc, adxtail, axtbc);
02925     temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtbclen, axtbc, 2.0 * adx,
02926                                           temp16a);
02927 
02928     axtcclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, cc, adxtail, axtcc);
02929     temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtcclen, axtcc, bdy, temp16b);
02930 
02931     axtbblen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bb, adxtail, axtbb);
02932     temp16clen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtbblen, axtbb, -cdy, temp16c);
02933 
02934     temp32alen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
02935                                             temp16blen, temp16b, temp32a);
02936     temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16clen, temp16c,
02937                                             temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
02938     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
02939                                             temp48, finother);
02940     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
02941   }
02942   if (adytail != 0.0) {
02943     aytbclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bc, adytail, aytbc);
02944     temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytbclen, aytbc, 2.0 * ady,
02945                                           temp16a);
02946 
02947     aytbblen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bb, adytail, aytbb);
02948     temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytbblen, aytbb, cdx, temp16b);
02949 
02950     aytcclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, cc, adytail, aytcc);
02951     temp16clen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytcclen, aytcc, -bdx, temp16c);
02952 
02953     temp32alen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
02954                                             temp16blen, temp16b, temp32a);
02955     temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16clen, temp16c,
02956                                             temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
02957     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
02958                                             temp48, finother);
02959     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
02960   }
02961   if (bdxtail != 0.0) {
02962     bxtcalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ca, bdxtail, bxtca);
02963     temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtcalen, bxtca, 2.0 * bdx,
02964                                           temp16a);
02965 
02966     bxtaalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, aa, bdxtail, bxtaa);
02967     temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtaalen, bxtaa, cdy, temp16b);
02968 
02969     bxtcclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, cc, bdxtail, bxtcc);
02970     temp16clen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtcclen, bxtcc, -ady, temp16c);
02971 
02972     temp32alen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
02973                                             temp16blen, temp16b, temp32a);
02974     temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16clen, temp16c,
02975                                             temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
02976     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
02977                                             temp48, finother);
02978     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
02979   }
02980   if (bdytail != 0.0) {
02981     bytcalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ca, bdytail, bytca);
02982     temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytcalen, bytca, 2.0 * bdy,
02983                                           temp16a);
02984 
02985     bytcclen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, cc, bdytail, bytcc);
02986     temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytcclen, bytcc, adx, temp16b);
02987 
02988     bytaalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, aa, bdytail, bytaa);
02989     temp16clen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytaalen, bytaa, -cdx, temp16c);
02990 
02991     temp32alen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
02992                                             temp16blen, temp16b, temp32a);
02993     temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16clen, temp16c,
02994                                             temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
02995     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
02996                                             temp48, finother);
02997     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
02998   }
02999   if (cdxtail != 0.0) {
03000     cxtablen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ab, cdxtail, cxtab);
03001     temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtablen, cxtab, 2.0 * cdx,
03002                                           temp16a);
03003 
03004     cxtbblen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bb, cdxtail, cxtbb);
03005     temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtbblen, cxtbb, ady, temp16b);
03006 
03007     cxtaalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, aa, cdxtail, cxtaa);
03008     temp16clen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtaalen, cxtaa, -bdy, temp16c);
03009 
03010     temp32alen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03011                                             temp16blen, temp16b, temp32a);
03012     temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16clen, temp16c,
03013                                             temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03014     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03015                                             temp48, finother);
03016     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03017   }
03018   if (cdytail != 0.0) {
03019     cytablen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ab, cdytail, cytab);
03020     temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytablen, cytab, 2.0 * cdy,
03021                                           temp16a);
03022 
03023     cytaalen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, aa, cdytail, cytaa);
03024     temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytaalen, cytaa, bdx, temp16b);
03025 
03026     cytbblen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bb, cdytail, cytbb);
03027     temp16clen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytbblen, cytbb, -adx, temp16c);
03028 
03029     temp32alen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03030                                             temp16blen, temp16b, temp32a);
03031     temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16clen, temp16c,
03032                                             temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03033     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03034                                             temp48, finother);
03035     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03036   }
03037 
03038   if ((adxtail != 0.0) || (adytail != 0.0)) {
03039     if ((bdxtail != 0.0) || (bdytail != 0.0)
03040         || (cdxtail != 0.0) || (cdytail != 0.0)) {
03041       Two_Product(bdxtail, cdy, ti1, ti0);
03042       Two_Product(bdx, cdytail, tj1, tj0);
03043       Two_Two_Sum(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03044       u[3] = u3;
03045       negate = -bdy;
03046       Two_Product(cdxtail, negate, ti1, ti0);
03047       negate = -bdytail;
03048       Two_Product(cdx, negate, tj1, tj0);
03049       Two_Two_Sum(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, v3, v[2], v[1], v[0]);
03050       v[3] = v3;
03051       bctlen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(4, u, 4, v, bct);
03052 
03053       Two_Product(bdxtail, cdytail, ti1, ti0);
03054       Two_Product(cdxtail, bdytail, tj1, tj0);
03055       Two_Two_Diff(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, bctt3, bctt[2], bctt[1], bctt[0]);
03056       bctt[3] = bctt3;
03057       bcttlen = 4;
03058     } else {
03059       bct[0] = 0.0;
03060       bctlen = 1;
03061       bctt[0] = 0.0;
03062       bcttlen = 1;
03063     }
03064 
03065     if (adxtail != 0.0) {
03066       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtbclen, axtbc, adxtail, temp16a);
03067       axtbctlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bctlen, bct, adxtail, axtbct);
03068       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtbctlen, axtbct, 2.0 * adx,
03069                                             temp32a);
03070       temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03071                                               temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03072       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03073                                               temp48, finother);
03074       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03075       if (bdytail != 0.0) {
03076         temp8len = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, cc, adxtail, temp8);
03077         temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(temp8len, temp8, bdytail,
03078                                               temp16a);
03079         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp16alen,
03080                                                 temp16a, finother);
03081         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03082       }
03083       if (cdytail != 0.0) {
03084         temp8len = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bb, -adxtail, temp8);
03085         temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(temp8len, temp8, cdytail,
03086                                               temp16a);
03087         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp16alen,
03088                                                 temp16a, finother);
03089         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03090       }
03091 
03092       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtbctlen, axtbct, adxtail,
03093                                             temp32a);
03094       axtbcttlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bcttlen, bctt, adxtail, axtbctt);
03095       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtbcttlen, axtbctt, 2.0 * adx,
03096                                             temp16a);
03097       temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(axtbcttlen, axtbctt, adxtail,
03098                                             temp16b);
03099       temp32blen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03100                                               temp16blen, temp16b, temp32b);
03101       temp64len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp32alen, temp32a,
03102                                               temp32blen, temp32b, temp64);
03103       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp64len,
03104                                               temp64, finother);
03105       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03106     }
03107     if (adytail != 0.0) {
03108       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytbclen, aytbc, adytail, temp16a);
03109       aytbctlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bctlen, bct, adytail, aytbct);
03110       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytbctlen, aytbct, 2.0 * ady,
03111                                             temp32a);
03112       temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03113                                               temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03114       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03115                                               temp48, finother);
03116       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03117 
03118 
03119       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytbctlen, aytbct, adytail,
03120                                             temp32a);
03121       aytbcttlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bcttlen, bctt, adytail, aytbctt);
03122       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytbcttlen, aytbctt, 2.0 * ady,
03123                                             temp16a);
03124       temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(aytbcttlen, aytbctt, adytail,
03125                                             temp16b);
03126       temp32blen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03127                                               temp16blen, temp16b, temp32b);
03128       temp64len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp32alen, temp32a,
03129                                               temp32blen, temp32b, temp64);
03130       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp64len,
03131                                               temp64, finother);
03132       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03133     }
03134   }
03135   if ((bdxtail != 0.0) || (bdytail != 0.0)) {
03136     if ((cdxtail != 0.0) || (cdytail != 0.0)
03137         || (adxtail != 0.0) || (adytail != 0.0)) {
03138       Two_Product(cdxtail, ady, ti1, ti0);
03139       Two_Product(cdx, adytail, tj1, tj0);
03140       Two_Two_Sum(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03141       u[3] = u3;
03142       negate = -cdy;
03143       Two_Product(adxtail, negate, ti1, ti0);
03144       negate = -cdytail;
03145       Two_Product(adx, negate, tj1, tj0);
03146       Two_Two_Sum(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, v3, v[2], v[1], v[0]);
03147       v[3] = v3;
03148       catlen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(4, u, 4, v, cat);
03149 
03150       Two_Product(cdxtail, adytail, ti1, ti0);
03151       Two_Product(adxtail, cdytail, tj1, tj0);
03152       Two_Two_Diff(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, catt3, catt[2], catt[1], catt[0]);
03153       catt[3] = catt3;
03154       cattlen = 4;
03155     } else {
03156       cat[0] = 0.0;
03157       catlen = 1;
03158       catt[0] = 0.0;
03159       cattlen = 1;
03160     }
03161 
03162     if (bdxtail != 0.0) {
03163       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtcalen, bxtca, bdxtail, temp16a);
03164       bxtcatlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(catlen, cat, bdxtail, bxtcat);
03165       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtcatlen, bxtcat, 2.0 * bdx,
03166                                             temp32a);
03167       temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03168                                               temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03169       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03170                                               temp48, finother);
03171       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03172       if (cdytail != 0.0) {
03173         temp8len = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, aa, bdxtail, temp8);
03174         temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(temp8len, temp8, cdytail,
03175                                               temp16a);
03176         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp16alen,
03177                                                 temp16a, finother);
03178         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03179       }
03180       if (adytail != 0.0) {
03181         temp8len = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, cc, -bdxtail, temp8);
03182         temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(temp8len, temp8, adytail,
03183                                               temp16a);
03184         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp16alen,
03185                                                 temp16a, finother);
03186         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03187       }
03188 
03189       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtcatlen, bxtcat, bdxtail,
03190                                             temp32a);
03191       bxtcattlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cattlen, catt, bdxtail, bxtcatt);
03192       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtcattlen, bxtcatt, 2.0 * bdx,
03193                                             temp16a);
03194       temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bxtcattlen, bxtcatt, bdxtail,
03195                                             temp16b);
03196       temp32blen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03197                                               temp16blen, temp16b, temp32b);
03198       temp64len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp32alen, temp32a,
03199                                               temp32blen, temp32b, temp64);
03200       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp64len,
03201                                               temp64, finother);
03202       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03203     }
03204     if (bdytail != 0.0) {
03205       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytcalen, bytca, bdytail, temp16a);
03206       bytcatlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(catlen, cat, bdytail, bytcat);
03207       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytcatlen, bytcat, 2.0 * bdy,
03208                                             temp32a);
03209       temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03210                                               temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03211       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03212                                               temp48, finother);
03213       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03214 
03215 
03216       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytcatlen, bytcat, bdytail,
03217                                             temp32a);
03218       bytcattlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cattlen, catt, bdytail, bytcatt);
03219       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytcattlen, bytcatt, 2.0 * bdy,
03220                                             temp16a);
03221       temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bytcattlen, bytcatt, bdytail,
03222                                             temp16b);
03223       temp32blen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03224                                               temp16blen, temp16b, temp32b);
03225       temp64len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp32alen, temp32a,
03226                                               temp32blen, temp32b, temp64);
03227       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp64len,
03228                                               temp64, finother);
03229       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03230     }
03231   }
03232   if ((cdxtail != 0.0) || (cdytail != 0.0)) {
03233     if ((adxtail != 0.0) || (adytail != 0.0)
03234         || (bdxtail != 0.0) || (bdytail != 0.0)) {
03235       Two_Product(adxtail, bdy, ti1, ti0);
03236       Two_Product(adx, bdytail, tj1, tj0);
03237       Two_Two_Sum(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03238       u[3] = u3;
03239       negate = -ady;
03240       Two_Product(bdxtail, negate, ti1, ti0);
03241       negate = -adytail;
03242       Two_Product(bdx, negate, tj1, tj0);
03243       Two_Two_Sum(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, v3, v[2], v[1], v[0]);
03244       v[3] = v3;
03245       abtlen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(4, u, 4, v, abt);
03246 
03247       Two_Product(adxtail, bdytail, ti1, ti0);
03248       Two_Product(bdxtail, adytail, tj1, tj0);
03249       Two_Two_Diff(ti1, ti0, tj1, tj0, abtt3, abtt[2], abtt[1], abtt[0]);
03250       abtt[3] = abtt3;
03251       abttlen = 4;
03252     } else {
03253       abt[0] = 0.0;
03254       abtlen = 1;
03255       abtt[0] = 0.0;
03256       abttlen = 1;
03257     }
03258 
03259     if (cdxtail != 0.0) {
03260       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtablen, cxtab, cdxtail, temp16a);
03261       cxtabtlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(abtlen, abt, cdxtail, cxtabt);
03262       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtabtlen, cxtabt, 2.0 * cdx,
03263                                             temp32a);
03264       temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03265                                               temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03266       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03267                                               temp48, finother);
03268       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03269       if (adytail != 0.0) {
03270         temp8len = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bb, cdxtail, temp8);
03271         temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(temp8len, temp8, adytail,
03272                                               temp16a);
03273         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp16alen,
03274                                                 temp16a, finother);
03275         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03276       }
03277       if (bdytail != 0.0) {
03278         temp8len = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, aa, -cdxtail, temp8);
03279         temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(temp8len, temp8, bdytail,
03280                                               temp16a);
03281         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp16alen,
03282                                                 temp16a, finother);
03283         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03284       }
03285 
03286       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtabtlen, cxtabt, cdxtail,
03287                                             temp32a);
03288       cxtabttlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(abttlen, abtt, cdxtail, cxtabtt);
03289       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtabttlen, cxtabtt, 2.0 * cdx,
03290                                             temp16a);
03291       temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cxtabttlen, cxtabtt, cdxtail,
03292                                             temp16b);
03293       temp32blen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03294                                               temp16blen, temp16b, temp32b);
03295       temp64len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp32alen, temp32a,
03296                                               temp32blen, temp32b, temp64);
03297       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp64len,
03298                                               temp64, finother);
03299       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03300     }
03301     if (cdytail != 0.0) {
03302       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytablen, cytab, cdytail, temp16a);
03303       cytabtlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(abtlen, abt, cdytail, cytabt);
03304       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytabtlen, cytabt, 2.0 * cdy,
03305                                             temp32a);
03306       temp48len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03307                                               temp32alen, temp32a, temp48);
03308       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp48len,
03309                                               temp48, finother);
03310       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03311 
03312 
03313       temp32alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytabtlen, cytabt, cdytail,
03314                                             temp32a);
03315       cytabttlen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(abttlen, abtt, cdytail, cytabtt);
03316       temp16alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytabttlen, cytabtt, 2.0 * cdy,
03317                                             temp16a);
03318       temp16blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(cytabttlen, cytabtt, cdytail,
03319                                             temp16b);
03320       temp32blen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp16alen, temp16a,
03321                                               temp16blen, temp16b, temp32b);
03322       temp64len = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(temp32alen, temp32a,
03323                                               temp32blen, temp32b, temp64);
03324       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, temp64len,
03325                                               temp64, finother);
03326       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03327     }
03328   }
03329 
03330   return finnow[finlength - 1];
03331 }
03332 
03333 float incircle(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
03334               vertex pa, vertex pb, vertex pc, vertex pd)
03335 {
03336   float adx, bdx, cdx, ady, bdy, cdy;
03337   float bdxcdy, cdxbdy, cdxady, adxcdy, adxbdy, bdxady;
03338   float alift, blift, clift;
03339   float det;
03340   float permanent, errbound;
03341 
03342   m->incirclecount++;
03343 
03344   adx = pa[0] - pd[0];
03345   bdx = pb[0] - pd[0];
03346   cdx = pc[0] - pd[0];
03347   ady = pa[1] - pd[1];
03348   bdy = pb[1] - pd[1];
03349   cdy = pc[1] - pd[1];
03350 
03351   bdxcdy = bdx * cdy;
03352   cdxbdy = cdx * bdy;
03353   alift = adx * adx + ady * ady;
03354 
03355   cdxady = cdx * ady;
03356   adxcdy = adx * cdy;
03357   blift = bdx * bdx + bdy * bdy;
03358 
03359   adxbdy = adx * bdy;
03360   bdxady = bdx * ady;
03361   clift = cdx * cdx + cdy * cdy;
03362 
03363   det = alift * (bdxcdy - cdxbdy)
03364       + blift * (cdxady - adxcdy)
03365       + clift * (adxbdy - bdxady);
03366 
03367   if (b->noexact) {
03368     return det;
03369   }
03370 
03371   permanent = (Absolute(bdxcdy) + Absolute(cdxbdy)) * alift
03372             + (Absolute(cdxady) + Absolute(adxcdy)) * blift
03373             + (Absolute(adxbdy) + Absolute(bdxady)) * clift;
03374   errbound = iccerrboundA * permanent;
03375   if ((det > errbound) || (-det > errbound)) {
03376     return det;
03377   }
03378 
03379   return incircleadapt(pa, pb, pc, pd, permanent);
03380 }
03381 
03382 /*****************************************************************************/
03383 /*                                                                           */
03384 /*  orient3d()   Return a positive value if the point pd lies below the      */
03385 /*               plane passing through pa, pb, and pc; "below" is defined so */
03386 /*               that pa, pb, and pc appear in counterclockwise order when   */
03387 /*               viewed from above the plane.  Returns a negative value if   */
03388 /*               pd lies above the plane.  Returns zero if the points are    */
03389 /*               coplanar.  The result is also a rough approximation of six  */
03390 /*               times the signed volume of the tetrahedron defined by the   */
03391 /*               four points.                                                */
03392 /*                                                                           */
03393 /*  Uses exact arithmetic if necessary to ensure a correct answer.  The      */
03394 /*  result returned is the determinant of a matrix.  This determinant is     */
03395 /*  computed adaptively, in the sense that exact arithmetic is used only to  */
03396 /*  the degree it is needed to ensure that the returned value has the        */
03397 /*  correct sign.  Hence, this function is usually quite fast, but will run  */
03398 /*  more slowly when the input points are coplanar or nearly so.             */
03399 /*                                                                           */
03400 /*  See my Robust Predicates paper for details.                              */
03401 /*                                                                           */
03402 /*****************************************************************************/
03403 
03404 float orient3dadapt(vertex pa, vertex pb, vertex pc, vertex pd,
03405                    float aheight, float bheight, float cheight, float dheight,
03406                    float permanent)
03407 {
03408   float adx, bdx, cdx, ady, bdy, cdy, adheight, bdheight, cdheight;
03409   float det, errbound;
03410 
03411   float bdxcdy1, cdxbdy1, cdxady1, adxcdy1, adxbdy1, bdxady1;
03412   float bdxcdy0, cdxbdy0, cdxady0, adxcdy0, adxbdy0, bdxady0;
03413   float bc[4], ca[4], ab[4];
03414   float bc3, ca3, ab3;
03415   float adet[8], bdet[8], cdet[8];
03416   int alen, blen, clen;
03417   float abdet[16];
03418   int ablen;
03419   float *finnow, *finother, *finswap;
03420   float fin1[192], fin2[192];
03421   int finlength;
03422 
03423   float adxtail, bdxtail, cdxtail;
03424   float adytail, bdytail, cdytail;
03425   float adheighttail, bdheighttail, cdheighttail;
03426   float at_blarge, at_clarge;
03427   float bt_clarge, bt_alarge;
03428   float ct_alarge, ct_blarge;
03429   float at_b[4], at_c[4], bt_c[4], bt_a[4], ct_a[4], ct_b[4];
03430   int at_blen, at_clen, bt_clen, bt_alen, ct_alen, ct_blen;
03431   float bdxt_cdy1, cdxt_bdy1, cdxt_ady1;
03432   float adxt_cdy1, adxt_bdy1, bdxt_ady1;
03433   float bdxt_cdy0, cdxt_bdy0, cdxt_ady0;
03434   float adxt_cdy0, adxt_bdy0, bdxt_ady0;
03435   float bdyt_cdx1, cdyt_bdx1, cdyt_adx1;
03436   float adyt_cdx1, adyt_bdx1, bdyt_adx1;
03437   float bdyt_cdx0, cdyt_bdx0, cdyt_adx0;
03438   float adyt_cdx0, adyt_bdx0, bdyt_adx0;
03439   float bct[8], cat[8], abt[8];
03440   int bctlen, catlen, abtlen;
03441   float bdxt_cdyt1, cdxt_bdyt1, cdxt_adyt1;
03442   float adxt_cdyt1, adxt_bdyt1, bdxt_adyt1;
03443   float bdxt_cdyt0, cdxt_bdyt0, cdxt_adyt0;
03444   float adxt_cdyt0, adxt_bdyt0, bdxt_adyt0;
03445   float u[4], v[12], w[16];
03446   float u3;
03447   int vlength, wlength;
03448   float negate;
03449 
03450   float bvirt;
03451   float avirt, bround, around;
03452   float c;
03453   float abig;
03454   float ahi, alo, bhi, blo;
03455   float err1, err2, err3;
03456   float _i, _j, _k;
03457   float _0;
03458 
03459   adx = (float) (pa[0] - pd[0]);
03460   bdx = (float) (pb[0] - pd[0]);
03461   cdx = (float) (pc[0] - pd[0]);
03462   ady = (float) (pa[1] - pd[1]);
03463   bdy = (float) (pb[1] - pd[1]);
03464   cdy = (float) (pc[1] - pd[1]);
03465   adheight = (float) (aheight - dheight);
03466   bdheight = (float) (bheight - dheight);
03467   cdheight = (float) (cheight - dheight);
03468 
03469   Two_Product(bdx, cdy, bdxcdy1, bdxcdy0);
03470   Two_Product(cdx, bdy, cdxbdy1, cdxbdy0);
03471   Two_Two_Diff(bdxcdy1, bdxcdy0, cdxbdy1, cdxbdy0, bc3, bc[2], bc[1], bc[0]);
03472   bc[3] = bc3;
03473   alen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bc, adheight, adet);
03474 
03475   Two_Product(cdx, ady, cdxady1, cdxady0);
03476   Two_Product(adx, cdy, adxcdy1, adxcdy0);
03477   Two_Two_Diff(cdxady1, cdxady0, adxcdy1, adxcdy0, ca3, ca[2], ca[1], ca[0]);
03478   ca[3] = ca3;
03479   blen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ca, bdheight, bdet);
03480 
03481   Two_Product(adx, bdy, adxbdy1, adxbdy0);
03482   Two_Product(bdx, ady, bdxady1, bdxady0);
03483   Two_Two_Diff(adxbdy1, adxbdy0, bdxady1, bdxady0, ab3, ab[2], ab[1], ab[0]);
03484   ab[3] = ab3;
03485   clen = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ab, cdheight, cdet);
03486 
03487   ablen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(alen, adet, blen, bdet, abdet);
03488   finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(ablen, abdet, clen, cdet, fin1);
03489 
03490   det = estimate(finlength, fin1);
03491   errbound = o3derrboundB * permanent;
03492   if ((det >= errbound) || (-det >= errbound)) {
03493     return det;
03494   }
03495 
03496   Two_Diff_Tail(pa[0], pd[0], adx, adxtail);
03497   Two_Diff_Tail(pb[0], pd[0], bdx, bdxtail);
03498   Two_Diff_Tail(pc[0], pd[0], cdx, cdxtail);
03499   Two_Diff_Tail(pa[1], pd[1], ady, adytail);
03500   Two_Diff_Tail(pb[1], pd[1], bdy, bdytail);
03501   Two_Diff_Tail(pc[1], pd[1], cdy, cdytail);
03502   Two_Diff_Tail(aheight, dheight, adheight, adheighttail);
03503   Two_Diff_Tail(bheight, dheight, bdheight, bdheighttail);
03504   Two_Diff_Tail(cheight, dheight, cdheight, cdheighttail);
03505 
03506   if ((adxtail == 0.0) && (bdxtail == 0.0) && (cdxtail == 0.0) &&
03507       (adytail == 0.0) && (bdytail == 0.0) && (cdytail == 0.0) &&
03508       (adheighttail == 0.0) &&
03509       (bdheighttail == 0.0) &&
03510       (cdheighttail == 0.0)) {
03511     return det;
03512   }
03513 
03514   errbound = o3derrboundC * permanent + resulterrbound * Absolute(det);
03515   det += (adheight * ((bdx * cdytail + cdy * bdxtail) -
03516                       (bdy * cdxtail + cdx * bdytail)) +
03517           adheighttail * (bdx * cdy - bdy * cdx)) +
03518          (bdheight * ((cdx * adytail + ady * cdxtail) -
03519                       (cdy * adxtail + adx * cdytail)) +
03520           bdheighttail * (cdx * ady - cdy * adx)) +
03521          (cdheight * ((adx * bdytail + bdy * adxtail) -
03522                       (ady * bdxtail + bdx * adytail)) +
03523           cdheighttail * (adx * bdy - ady * bdx));
03524   if ((det >= errbound) || (-det >= errbound)) {
03525     return det;
03526   }
03527 
03528   finnow = fin1;
03529   finother = fin2;
03530 
03531   if (adxtail == 0.0) {
03532     if (adytail == 0.0) {
03533       at_b[0] = 0.0;
03534       at_blen = 1;
03535       at_c[0] = 0.0;
03536       at_clen = 1;
03537     } else {
03538       negate = -adytail;
03539       Two_Product(negate, bdx, at_blarge, at_b[0]);
03540       at_b[1] = at_blarge;
03541       at_blen = 2;
03542       Two_Product(adytail, cdx, at_clarge, at_c[0]);
03543       at_c[1] = at_clarge;
03544       at_clen = 2;
03545     }
03546   } else {
03547     if (adytail == 0.0) {
03548       Two_Product(adxtail, bdy, at_blarge, at_b[0]);
03549       at_b[1] = at_blarge;
03550       at_blen = 2;
03551       negate = -adxtail;
03552       Two_Product(negate, cdy, at_clarge, at_c[0]);
03553       at_c[1] = at_clarge;
03554       at_clen = 2;
03555     } else {
03556       Two_Product(adxtail, bdy, adxt_bdy1, adxt_bdy0);
03557       Two_Product(adytail, bdx, adyt_bdx1, adyt_bdx0);
03558       Two_Two_Diff(adxt_bdy1, adxt_bdy0, adyt_bdx1, adyt_bdx0,
03559                    at_blarge, at_b[2], at_b[1], at_b[0]);
03560       at_b[3] = at_blarge;
03561       at_blen = 4;
03562       Two_Product(adytail, cdx, adyt_cdx1, adyt_cdx0);
03563       Two_Product(adxtail, cdy, adxt_cdy1, adxt_cdy0);
03564       Two_Two_Diff(adyt_cdx1, adyt_cdx0, adxt_cdy1, adxt_cdy0,
03565                    at_clarge, at_c[2], at_c[1], at_c[0]);
03566       at_c[3] = at_clarge;
03567       at_clen = 4;
03568     }
03569   }
03570   if (bdxtail == 0.0) {
03571     if (bdytail == 0.0) {
03572       bt_c[0] = 0.0;
03573       bt_clen = 1;
03574       bt_a[0] = 0.0;
03575       bt_alen = 1;
03576     } else {
03577       negate = -bdytail;
03578       Two_Product(negate, cdx, bt_clarge, bt_c[0]);
03579       bt_c[1] = bt_clarge;
03580       bt_clen = 2;
03581       Two_Product(bdytail, adx, bt_alarge, bt_a[0]);
03582       bt_a[1] = bt_alarge;
03583       bt_alen = 2;
03584     }
03585   } else {
03586     if (bdytail == 0.0) {
03587       Two_Product(bdxtail, cdy, bt_clarge, bt_c[0]);
03588       bt_c[1] = bt_clarge;
03589       bt_clen = 2;
03590       negate = -bdxtail;
03591       Two_Product(negate, ady, bt_alarge, bt_a[0]);
03592       bt_a[1] = bt_alarge;
03593       bt_alen = 2;
03594     } else {
03595       Two_Product(bdxtail, cdy, bdxt_cdy1, bdxt_cdy0);
03596       Two_Product(bdytail, cdx, bdyt_cdx1, bdyt_cdx0);
03597       Two_Two_Diff(bdxt_cdy1, bdxt_cdy0, bdyt_cdx1, bdyt_cdx0,
03598                    bt_clarge, bt_c[2], bt_c[1], bt_c[0]);
03599       bt_c[3] = bt_clarge;
03600       bt_clen = 4;
03601       Two_Product(bdytail, adx, bdyt_adx1, bdyt_adx0);
03602       Two_Product(bdxtail, ady, bdxt_ady1, bdxt_ady0);
03603       Two_Two_Diff(bdyt_adx1, bdyt_adx0, bdxt_ady1, bdxt_ady0,
03604                   bt_alarge, bt_a[2], bt_a[1], bt_a[0]);
03605       bt_a[3] = bt_alarge;
03606       bt_alen = 4;
03607     }
03608   }
03609   if (cdxtail == 0.0) {
03610     if (cdytail == 0.0) {
03611       ct_a[0] = 0.0;
03612       ct_alen = 1;
03613       ct_b[0] = 0.0;
03614       ct_blen = 1;
03615     } else {
03616       negate = -cdytail;
03617       Two_Product(negate, adx, ct_alarge, ct_a[0]);
03618       ct_a[1] = ct_alarge;
03619       ct_alen = 2;
03620       Two_Product(cdytail, bdx, ct_blarge, ct_b[0]);
03621       ct_b[1] = ct_blarge;
03622       ct_blen = 2;
03623     }
03624   } else {
03625     if (cdytail == 0.0) {
03626       Two_Product(cdxtail, ady, ct_alarge, ct_a[0]);
03627       ct_a[1] = ct_alarge;
03628       ct_alen = 2;
03629       negate = -cdxtail;
03630       Two_Product(negate, bdy, ct_blarge, ct_b[0]);
03631       ct_b[1] = ct_blarge;
03632       ct_blen = 2;
03633     } else {
03634       Two_Product(cdxtail, ady, cdxt_ady1, cdxt_ady0);
03635       Two_Product(cdytail, adx, cdyt_adx1, cdyt_adx0);
03636       Two_Two_Diff(cdxt_ady1, cdxt_ady0, cdyt_adx1, cdyt_adx0,
03637                    ct_alarge, ct_a[2], ct_a[1], ct_a[0]);
03638       ct_a[3] = ct_alarge;
03639       ct_alen = 4;
03640       Two_Product(cdytail, bdx, cdyt_bdx1, cdyt_bdx0);
03641       Two_Product(cdxtail, bdy, cdxt_bdy1, cdxt_bdy0);
03642       Two_Two_Diff(cdyt_bdx1, cdyt_bdx0, cdxt_bdy1, cdxt_bdy0,
03643                    ct_blarge, ct_b[2], ct_b[1], ct_b[0]);
03644       ct_b[3] = ct_blarge;
03645       ct_blen = 4;
03646     }
03647   }
03648 
03649   bctlen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(bt_clen, bt_c, ct_blen, ct_b, bct);
03650   wlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bctlen, bct, adheight, w);
03651   finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, wlength, w,
03652                                           finother);
03653   finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03654 
03655   catlen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(ct_alen, ct_a, at_clen, at_c, cat);
03656   wlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(catlen, cat, bdheight, w);
03657   finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, wlength, w,
03658                                           finother);
03659   finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03660 
03661   abtlen = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(at_blen, at_b, bt_alen, bt_a, abt);
03662   wlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(abtlen, abt, cdheight, w);
03663   finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, wlength, w,
03664                                           finother);
03665   finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03666 
03667   if (adheighttail != 0.0) {
03668     vlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, bc, adheighttail, v);
03669     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, vlength, v,
03670                                             finother);
03671     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03672   }
03673   if (bdheighttail != 0.0) {
03674     vlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ca, bdheighttail, v);
03675     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, vlength, v,
03676                                             finother);
03677     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03678   }
03679   if (cdheighttail != 0.0) {
03680     vlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(4, ab, cdheighttail, v);
03681     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, vlength, v,
03682                                             finother);
03683     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03684   }
03685 
03686   if (adxtail != 0.0) {
03687     if (bdytail != 0.0) {
03688       Two_Product(adxtail, bdytail, adxt_bdyt1, adxt_bdyt0);
03689       Two_One_Product(adxt_bdyt1, adxt_bdyt0, cdheight, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03690       u[3] = u3;
03691       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03692                                               finother);
03693       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03694       if (cdheighttail != 0.0) {
03695         Two_One_Product(adxt_bdyt1, adxt_bdyt0, cdheighttail,
03696                         u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03697         u[3] = u3;
03698         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03699                                                 finother);
03700         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03701       }
03702     }
03703     if (cdytail != 0.0) {
03704       negate = -adxtail;
03705       Two_Product(negate, cdytail, adxt_cdyt1, adxt_cdyt0);
03706       Two_One_Product(adxt_cdyt1, adxt_cdyt0, bdheight, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03707       u[3] = u3;
03708       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03709                                               finother);
03710       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03711       if (bdheighttail != 0.0) {
03712         Two_One_Product(adxt_cdyt1, adxt_cdyt0, bdheighttail,
03713                         u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03714         u[3] = u3;
03715         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03716                                                 finother);
03717         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03718       }
03719     }
03720   }
03721   if (bdxtail != 0.0) {
03722     if (cdytail != 0.0) {
03723       Two_Product(bdxtail, cdytail, bdxt_cdyt1, bdxt_cdyt0);
03724       Two_One_Product(bdxt_cdyt1, bdxt_cdyt0, adheight, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03725       u[3] = u3;
03726       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03727                                               finother);
03728       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03729       if (adheighttail != 0.0) {
03730         Two_One_Product(bdxt_cdyt1, bdxt_cdyt0, adheighttail,
03731                         u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03732         u[3] = u3;
03733         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03734                                                 finother);
03735         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03736       }
03737     }
03738     if (adytail != 0.0) {
03739       negate = -bdxtail;
03740       Two_Product(negate, adytail, bdxt_adyt1, bdxt_adyt0);
03741       Two_One_Product(bdxt_adyt1, bdxt_adyt0, cdheight, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03742       u[3] = u3;
03743       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03744                                               finother);
03745       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03746       if (cdheighttail != 0.0) {
03747         Two_One_Product(bdxt_adyt1, bdxt_adyt0, cdheighttail,
03748                         u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03749         u[3] = u3;
03750         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03751                                                 finother);
03752         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03753       }
03754     }
03755   }
03756   if (cdxtail != 0.0) {
03757     if (adytail != 0.0) {
03758       Two_Product(cdxtail, adytail, cdxt_adyt1, cdxt_adyt0);
03759       Two_One_Product(cdxt_adyt1, cdxt_adyt0, bdheight, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03760       u[3] = u3;
03761       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03762                                               finother);
03763       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03764       if (bdheighttail != 0.0) {
03765         Two_One_Product(cdxt_adyt1, cdxt_adyt0, bdheighttail,
03766                         u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03767         u[3] = u3;
03768         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03769                                                 finother);
03770         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03771       }
03772     }
03773     if (bdytail != 0.0) {
03774       negate = -cdxtail;
03775       Two_Product(negate, bdytail, cdxt_bdyt1, cdxt_bdyt0);
03776       Two_One_Product(cdxt_bdyt1, cdxt_bdyt0, adheight, u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03777       u[3] = u3;
03778       finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03779                                               finother);
03780       finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03781       if (adheighttail != 0.0) {
03782         Two_One_Product(cdxt_bdyt1, cdxt_bdyt0, adheighttail,
03783                         u3, u[2], u[1], u[0]);
03784         u[3] = u3;
03785         finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, 4, u,
03786                                                 finother);
03787         finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03788       }
03789     }
03790   }
03791 
03792   if (adheighttail != 0.0) {
03793     wlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(bctlen, bct, adheighttail, w);
03794     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, wlength, w,
03795                                             finother);
03796     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03797   }
03798   if (bdheighttail != 0.0) {
03799     wlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(catlen, cat, bdheighttail, w);
03800     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, wlength, w,
03801                                             finother);
03802     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03803   }
03804   if (cdheighttail != 0.0) {
03805     wlength = scale_expansion_zeroelim(abtlen, abt, cdheighttail, w);
03806     finlength = fast_expansion_sum_zeroelim(finlength, finnow, wlength, w,
03807                                             finother);
03808     finswap = finnow; finnow = finother; finother = finswap;
03809   }
03810 
03811   return finnow[finlength - 1];
03812 }
03813 
03814 float orient3d(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
03815               vertex pa, vertex pb, vertex pc, vertex pd,
03816               float aheight, float bheight, float cheight, float dheight)
03817 {
03818   float adx, bdx, cdx, ady, bdy, cdy, adheight, bdheight, cdheight;
03819   float bdxcdy, cdxbdy, cdxady, adxcdy, adxbdy, bdxady;
03820   float det;
03821   float permanent, errbound;
03822 
03823   m->orient3dcount++;
03824 
03825   adx = pa[0] - pd[0];
03826   bdx = pb[0] - pd[0];
03827   cdx = pc[0] - pd[0];
03828   ady = pa[1] - pd[1];
03829   bdy = pb[1] - pd[1];
03830   cdy = pc[1] - pd[1];
03831   adheight = aheight - dheight;
03832   bdheight = bheight - dheight;
03833   cdheight = cheight - dheight;
03834 
03835   bdxcdy = bdx * cdy;
03836   cdxbdy = cdx * bdy;
03837 
03838   cdxady = cdx * ady;
03839   adxcdy = adx * cdy;
03840 
03841   adxbdy = adx * bdy;
03842   bdxady = bdx * ady;
03843 
03844   det = adheight * (bdxcdy - cdxbdy) 
03845       + bdheight * (cdxady - adxcdy)
03846       + cdheight * (adxbdy - bdxady);
03847 
03848   if (b->noexact) {
03849     return det;
03850   }
03851 
03852   permanent = (Absolute(bdxcdy) + Absolute(cdxbdy)) * Absolute(adheight)
03853             + (Absolute(cdxady) + Absolute(adxcdy)) * Absolute(bdheight)
03854             + (Absolute(adxbdy) + Absolute(bdxady)) * Absolute(cdheight);
03855   errbound = o3derrboundA * permanent;
03856   if ((det > errbound) || (-det > errbound)) {
03857     return det;
03858   }
03859 
03860   return orient3dadapt(pa, pb, pc, pd, aheight, bheight, cheight, dheight,
03861                        permanent);
03862 }
03863 
03864 /*****************************************************************************/
03865 /*                                                                           */
03866 /*  nonregular()   Return a positive value if the point pd is incompatible   */
03867 /*                 with the circle or plane passing through pa, pb, and pc   */
03868 /*                 (meaning that pd is inside the circle or below the        */
03869 /*                 plane); a negative value if it is compatible; and zero if */
03870 /*                 the four points are cocircular/coplanar.  The points pa,  */
03871 /*                 pb, and pc must be in counterclockwise order, or the sign */
03872 /*                 of the result will be reversed.                           */
03873 /*                                                                           */
03874 /*  If the -w switch is used, the points are lifted onto the parabolic       */
03875 /*  lifting map, then they are dropped according to their weights, then the  */
03876 /*  3D orientation test is applied.  If the -W switch is used, the points'   */
03877 /*  heights are already provided, so the 3D orientation test is applied      */
03878 /*  directly.  If neither switch is used, the incircle test is applied.      */
03879 /*                                                                           */
03880 /*****************************************************************************/
03881 
03882 float nonregular(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
03883                 vertex pa, vertex pb, vertex pc, vertex pd)
03884 {
03885   if (b->weighted == 0) {
03886     return incircle(m, b, pa, pb, pc, pd);
03887   } else if (b->weighted == 1) {
03888     return orient3d(m, b, pa, pb, pc, pd,
03889                     pa[0] * pa[0] + pa[1] * pa[1] - pa[2],
03890                     pb[0] * pb[0] + pb[1] * pb[1] - pb[2],
03891                     pc[0] * pc[0] + pc[1] * pc[1] - pc[2],
03892                     pd[0] * pd[0] + pd[1] * pd[1] - pd[2]);
03893   } else {
03894     return orient3d(m, b, pa, pb, pc, pd, pa[2], pb[2], pc[2], pd[2]);
03895   }
03896 }
03897 
03898 /*****************************************************************************/
03899 /*                                                                           */
03900 /*  findcircumcenter()   Find the circumcenter of a triangle.                */
03901 /*                                                                           */
03902 /*  The result is returned both in terms of x-y coordinates and xi-eta       */
03903 /*  (barycentric) coordinates.  The xi-eta coordinate system is defined in   */
03904 /*  terms of the triangle:  the origin of the triangle is the origin of the  */
03905 /*  coordinate system; the destination of the triangle is one unit along the */
03906 /*  xi axis; and the apex of the triangle is one unit along the eta axis.    */
03907 /*  This procedure also returns the square of the length of the triangle's   */
03908 /*  shortest edge.                                                           */
03909 /*                                                                           */
03910 /*****************************************************************************/
03911 
03912 void findcircumcenter(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
03913                       vertex torg, vertex tdest, vertex tapex,
03914                       vertex circumcenter, float *xi, float *eta, int offcenter)
03915 {
03916   float xdo, ydo, xao, yao;
03917   float dodist, aodist, dadist;
03918   float denominator;
03919   float dx, dy, dxoff, dyoff;
03920 
03921   m->circumcentercount++;
03922 
03923   /* Compute the circumcenter of the triangle. */
03924   xdo = tdest[0] - torg[0];
03925   ydo = tdest[1] - torg[1];
03926   xao = tapex[0] - torg[0];
03927   yao = tapex[1] - torg[1];
03928   dodist = xdo * xdo + ydo * ydo;
03929   aodist = xao * xao + yao * yao;
03930   dadist = (tdest[0] - tapex[0]) * (tdest[0] - tapex[0]) +
03931            (tdest[1] - tapex[1]) * (tdest[1] - tapex[1]);
03932   if (b->noexact) {
03933     denominator = 0.5 / (xdo * yao - xao * ydo);
03934   } else {
03935     /* Use the counterclockwise() routine to ensure a positive (and */
03936     /*   reasonably accurate) result, avoiding any possibility of   */
03937     /*   division by zero.                                          */
03938     denominator = 0.5 / counterclockwise(m, b, tdest, tapex, torg);
03939     /* Don't count the above as an orientation test. */
03940     m->counterclockcount--;
03941   }
03942   dx = (yao * dodist - ydo * aodist) * denominator;
03943   dy = (xdo * aodist - xao * dodist) * denominator;
03944 
03945   /* Find the (squared) length of the triangle's shortest edge.  This   */
03946   /*   serves as a conservative estimate of the insertion radius of the */
03947   /*   circumcenter's parent.  The estimate is used to ensure that      */
03948   /*   the algorithm terminates even if very small angles appear in     */
03949   /*   the input PSLG.                                                  */
03950   if ((dodist < aodist) && (dodist < dadist)) {
03951     if (offcenter && (b->offconstant > 0.0)) {
03952       /* Find the position of the off-center, as described by Alper Ungor. */
03953       dxoff = 0.5 * xdo - b->offconstant * ydo;
03954       dyoff = 0.5 * ydo + b->offconstant * xdo;
03955       /* If the off-center is closer to the origin than the */
03956       /*   circumcenter, use the off-center instead.        */
03957       if (dxoff * dxoff + dyoff * dyoff < dx * dx + dy * dy) {
03958         dx = dxoff;
03959         dy = dyoff;
03960       }
03961     }
03962   } else if (aodist < dadist) {
03963     if (offcenter && (b->offconstant > 0.0)) {
03964       dxoff = 0.5 * xao + b->offconstant * yao;
03965       dyoff = 0.5 * yao - b->offconstant * xao;
03966       /* If the off-center is closer to the origin than the */
03967       /*   circumcenter, use the off-center instead.        */
03968       if (dxoff * dxoff + dyoff * dyoff < dx * dx + dy * dy) {
03969         dx = dxoff;
03970         dy = dyoff;
03971       }
03972     }
03973   } else {
03974     if (offcenter && (b->offconstant > 0.0)) {
03975       dxoff = 0.5 * (tapex[0] - tdest[0]) -
03976               b->offconstant * (tapex[1] - tdest[1]);
03977       dyoff = 0.5 * (tapex[1] - tdest[1]) +
03978               b->offconstant * (tapex[0] - tdest[0]);
03979       /* If the off-center is closer to the destination than the */
03980       /*   circumcenter, use the off-center instead.             */
03981       if (dxoff * dxoff + dyoff * dyoff <
03982           (dx - xdo) * (dx - xdo) + (dy - ydo) * (dy - ydo)) {
03983         dx = xdo + dxoff;
03984         dy = ydo + dyoff;
03985       }
03986     }
03987   }
03988 
03989   circumcenter[0] = torg[0] + dx;
03990   circumcenter[1] = torg[1] + dy;
03991 
03992   /* To interpolate vertex attributes for the new vertex inserted at */
03993   /*   the circumcenter, define a coordinate system with a xi-axis,  */
03994   /*   directed from the triangle's origin to its destination, and   */
03995   /*   an eta-axis, directed from its origin to its apex.            */
03996   /*   Calculate the xi and eta coordinates of the circumcenter.     */
03997   *xi = (yao * dx - xao * dy) * (2.0 * denominator);
03998   *eta = (xdo * dy - ydo * dx) * (2.0 * denominator);
03999 }
04000 
04003 /********* Geometric primitives end here                             *********/
04004 
04005 /*****************************************************************************/
04006 /*                                                                           */
04007 /*  triangleinit()   Initialize some variables.                              */
04008 /*                                                                           */
04009 /*****************************************************************************/
04010 
04011 void triangleinit(struct mesh *m)
04012 {
04013   poolzero(&m->vertices);
04014   poolzero(&m->triangles);
04015   poolzero(&m->subsegs);
04016   poolzero(&m->viri);
04017   poolzero(&m->badsubsegs);
04018   poolzero(&m->badtriangles);
04019   poolzero(&m->flipstackers);
04020   poolzero(&m->splaynodes);
04021 
04022   m->recenttri.tri = (triangle *) NULL; /* No triangle has been visited yet. */
04023   m->undeads = 0;                       /* No eliminated input vertices yet. */
04024   m->samples = 1;         /* Point location should take at least one sample. */
04025   m->checksegments = 0;   /* There are no segments in the triangulation yet. */
04026   m->checkquality = 0;     /* The quality triangulation stage has not begun. */
04027   m->incirclecount = m->counterclockcount = m->orient3dcount = 0;
04028   m->hyperbolacount = m->circletopcount = m->circumcentercount = 0;
04029   randomseed = 1;
04030 
04031   exactinit();                     /* Initialize exact arithmetic constants. */
04032 }
04033 
04034 /*****************************************************************************/
04035 /*                                                                           */
04036 /*  randomnation()   Generate a random number between 0 and `choices' - 1.   */
04037 /*                                                                           */
04038 /*  This is a simple linear congruential random number generator.  Hence, it */
04039 /*  is a bad random number generator, but good enough for most randomized    */
04040 /*  geometric algorithms.                                                    */
04041 /*                                                                           */
04042 /*****************************************************************************/
04043 
04044 unsigned long randomnation(unsigned int choices)
04045 {
04046   randomseed = (randomseed * 1366l + 150889l) % 714025l;
04047   return randomseed / (714025l / choices + 1);
04048 }
04049 
04050 /********* Point location routines begin here                        *********/
04054 /*****************************************************************************/
04055 /*                                                                           */
04056 /*  makevertexmap()   Construct a mapping from vertices to triangles to      */
04057 /*                    improve the speed of point location for segment        */
04058 /*                    insertion.                                             */
04059 /*                                                                           */
04060 /*  Traverses all the triangles, and provides each corner of each triangle   */
04061 /*  with a pointer to that triangle.  Of course, pointers will be            */
04062 /*  overwritten by other pointers because (almost) each vertex is a corner   */
04063 /*  of several triangles, but in the end every vertex will point to some     */
04064 /*  triangle that contains it.                                               */
04065 /*                                                                           */
04066 /*****************************************************************************/
04067 
04068 void makevertexmap(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
04069 {
04070   struct otri triangleloop;
04071   vertex triorg;
04072 
04073   if (b->verbose) {
04074     printf("    Constructing mapping from vertices to triangles.\n");
04075   }
04076   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
04077   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
04078   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
04079     /* Check all three vertices of the triangle. */
04080     for (triangleloop.orient = 0; triangleloop.orient < 3;
04081          triangleloop.orient++) {
04082       org(triangleloop, triorg);
04083       setvertex2tri(triorg, encode(triangleloop));
04084     }
04085     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
04086   }
04087 }
04088 
04089 /*****************************************************************************/
04090 /*                                                                           */
04091 /*  preciselocate()   Find a triangle or edge containing a given point.      */
04092 /*                                                                           */
04093 /*  Begins its search from `searchtri'.  It is important that `searchtri'    */
04094 /*  be a handle with the property that `searchpoint' is strictly to the left */
04095 /*  of the edge denoted by `searchtri', or is collinear with that edge and   */
04096 /*  does not intersect that edge.  (In particular, `searchpoint' should not  */
04097 /*  be the origin or destination of that edge.)                              */
04098 /*                                                                           */
04099 /*  These conditions are imposed because preciselocate() is normally used in */
04100 /*  one of two situations:                                                   */
04101 /*                                                                           */
04102 /*  (1)  To try to find the location to insert a new point.  Normally, we    */
04103 /*       know an edge that the point is strictly to the left of.  In the     */
04104 /*       incremental Delaunay algorithm, that edge is a bounding box edge.   */
04105 /*       In Ruppert's Delaunay refinement algorithm for quality meshing,     */
04106 /*       that edge is the shortest edge of the triangle whose circumcenter   */
04107 /*       is being inserted.                                                  */
04108 /*                                                                           */
04109 /*  (2)  To try to find an existing point.  In this case, any edge on the    */
04110 /*       convex hull is a good starting edge.  You must screen out the       */
04111 /*       possibility that the vertex sought is an endpoint of the starting   */
04112 /*       edge before you call preciselocate().                               */
04113 /*                                                                           */
04114 /*  On completion, `searchtri' is a triangle that contains `searchpoint'.    */
04115 /*                                                                           */
04116 /*  This implementation differs from that given by Guibas and Stolfi.  It    */
04117 /*  walks from triangle to triangle, crossing an edge only if `searchpoint'  */
04118 /*  is on the other side of the line containing that edge.  After entering   */
04119 /*  a triangle, there are two edges by which one can leave that triangle.    */
04120 /*  If both edges are valid (`searchpoint' is on the other side of both      */
04121 /*  edges), one of the two is chosen by drawing a line perpendicular to      */
04122 /*  the entry edge (whose endpoints are `forg' and `fdest') passing through  */
04123 /*  `fapex'.  Depending on which side of this perpendicular `searchpoint'    */
04124 /*  falls on, an exit edge is chosen.                                        */
04125 /*                                                                           */
04126 /*  This implementation is empirically faster than the Guibas and Stolfi     */
04127 /*  point location routine (which I originally used), which tends to spiral  */
04128 /*  in toward its target.                                                    */
04129 /*                                                                           */
04130 /*  Returns ONVERTEX if the point lies on an existing vertex.  `searchtri'   */
04131 /*  is a handle whose origin is the existing vertex.                         */
04132 /*                                                                           */
04133 /*  Returns ONEDGE if the point lies on a mesh edge.  `searchtri' is a       */
04134 /*  handle whose primary edge is the edge on which the point lies.           */
04135 /*                                                                           */
04136 /*  Returns INTRIANGLE if the point lies strictly within a triangle.         */
04137 /*  `searchtri' is a handle on the triangle that contains the point.         */
04138 /*                                                                           */
04139 /*  Returns OUTSIDE if the point lies outside the mesh.  `searchtri' is a    */
04140 /*  handle whose primary edge the point is to the right of.  This might      */
04141 /*  occur when the circumcenter of a triangle falls just slightly outside    */
04142 /*  the mesh due to floating-point roundoff error.  It also occurs when      */
04143 /*  seeking a hole or region point that a foolish user has placed outside    */
04144 /*  the mesh.                                                                */
04145 /*                                                                           */
04146 /*  If `stopatsubsegment' is nonzero, the search will stop if it tries to    */
04147 /*  walk through a subsegment, and will return OUTSIDE.                      */
04148 /*                                                                           */
04149 /*  WARNING:  This routine is designed for convex triangulations, and will   */
04150 /*  not generally work after the holes and concavities have been carved.     */
04151 /*  However, it can still be used to find the circumcenter of a triangle, as */
04152 /*  long as the search is begun from the triangle in question.               */
04153 /*                                                                           */
04154 /*****************************************************************************/
04155 
04156 enum locateresult preciselocate(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
04157                                 vertex searchpoint, struct otri *searchtri,
04158                                 int stopatsubsegment)
04159 {
04160   struct otri backtracktri;
04161   struct osub checkedge;
04162   vertex forg, fdest, fapex;
04163   float orgorient, destorient;
04164   int moveleft;
04165   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
04166   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
04167 
04168   if (b->verbose > 2) {
04169     printf("  Searching for point (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
04170            searchpoint[0], searchpoint[1]);
04171   }
04172   /* Where are we? */
04173   org(*searchtri, forg);
04174   dest(*searchtri, fdest);
04175   apex(*searchtri, fapex);
04176   while (1) {
04177     if (b->verbose > 2) {
04178       printf("    At (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
04179              forg[0], forg[1], fdest[0], fdest[1], fapex[0], fapex[1]);
04180     }
04181     /* Check whether the apex is the point we seek. */
04182     if ((fapex[0] == searchpoint[0]) && (fapex[1] == searchpoint[1])) {
04183       lprevself(*searchtri);
04184       return ONVERTEX;
04185     }
04186     /* Does the point lie on the other side of the line defined by the */
04187     /*   triangle edge opposite the triangle's destination?            */
04188     destorient = counterclockwise(m, b, forg, fapex, searchpoint);
04189     /* Does the point lie on the other side of the line defined by the */
04190     /*   triangle edge opposite the triangle's origin?                 */
04191     orgorient = counterclockwise(m, b, fapex, fdest, searchpoint);
04192     if (destorient > 0.0) {
04193       if (orgorient > 0.0) {
04194         /* Move left if the inner product of (fapex - searchpoint) and  */
04195         /*   (fdest - forg) is positive.  This is equivalent to drawing */
04196         /*   a line perpendicular to the line (forg, fdest) and passing */
04197         /*   through `fapex', and determining which side of this line   */
04198         /*   `searchpoint' falls on.                                    */
04199         moveleft = (fapex[0] - searchpoint[0]) * (fdest[0] - forg[0]) +
04200                    (fapex[1] - searchpoint[1]) * (fdest[1] - forg[1]) > 0.0;
04201       } else {
04202         moveleft = 1;
04203       }
04204     } else {
04205       if (orgorient > 0.0) {
04206         moveleft = 0;
04207       } else {
04208         /* The point we seek must be on the boundary of or inside this */
04209         /*   triangle.                                                 */
04210         if (destorient == 0.0) {
04211           lprevself(*searchtri);
04212           return ONEDGE;
04213         }
04214         if (orgorient == 0.0) {
04215           lnextself(*searchtri);
04216           return ONEDGE;
04217         }
04218         return INTRIANGLE;
04219       }
04220     }
04221 
04222     /* Move to another triangle.  Leave a trace `backtracktri' in case */
04223     /*   floating-point roundoff or some such bogey causes us to walk  */
04224     /*   off a boundary of the triangulation.                          */
04225     if (moveleft) {
04226       lprev(*searchtri, backtracktri);
04227       fdest = fapex;
04228     } else {
04229       lnext(*searchtri, backtracktri);
04230       forg = fapex;
04231     }
04232     sym(backtracktri, *searchtri);
04233 
04234     if (m->checksegments && stopatsubsegment) {
04235       /* Check for walking through a subsegment. */
04236       tspivot(backtracktri, checkedge);
04237       if (checkedge.ss != m->dummysub) {
04238         /* Go back to the last triangle. */
04239         otricopy(backtracktri, *searchtri);
04240         return OUTSIDE;
04241       }
04242     }
04243     /* Check for walking right out of the triangulation. */
04244     if (searchtri->tri == m->dummytri) {
04245       /* Go back to the last triangle. */
04246       otricopy(backtracktri, *searchtri);
04247       return OUTSIDE;
04248     }
04249 
04250     apex(*searchtri, fapex);
04251   }
04252 }
04253 
04254 /*****************************************************************************/
04255 /*                                                                           */
04256 /*  locate()   Find a triangle or edge containing a given point.             */
04257 /*                                                                           */
04258 /*  Searching begins from one of:  the input `searchtri', a recently         */
04259 /*  encountered triangle `recenttri', or from a triangle chosen from a       */
04260 /*  random sample.  The choice is made by determining which triangle's       */
04261 /*  origin is closest to the point we are searching for.  Normally,          */
04262 /*  `searchtri' should be a handle on the convex hull of the triangulation.  */
04263 /*                                                                           */
04264 /*  Details on the random sampling method can be found in the Mucke, Saias,  */
04265 /*  and Zhu paper cited in the header of this code.                          */
04266 /*                                                                           */
04267 /*  On completion, `searchtri' is a triangle that contains `searchpoint'.    */
04268 /*                                                                           */
04269 /*  Returns ONVERTEX if the point lies on an existing vertex.  `searchtri'   */
04270 /*  is a handle whose origin is the existing vertex.                         */
04271 /*                                                                           */
04272 /*  Returns ONEDGE if the point lies on a mesh edge.  `searchtri' is a       */
04273 /*  handle whose primary edge is the edge on which the point lies.           */
04274 /*                                                                           */
04275 /*  Returns INTRIANGLE if the point lies strictly within a triangle.         */
04276 /*  `searchtri' is a handle on the triangle that contains the point.         */
04277 /*                                                                           */
04278 /*  Returns OUTSIDE if the point lies outside the mesh.  `searchtri' is a    */
04279 /*  handle whose primary edge the point is to the right of.  This might      */
04280 /*  occur when the circumcenter of a triangle falls just slightly outside    */
04281 /*  the mesh due to floating-point roundoff error.  It also occurs when      */
04282 /*  seeking a hole or region point that a foolish user has placed outside    */
04283 /*  the mesh.                                                                */
04284 /*                                                                           */
04285 /*  WARNING:  This routine is designed for convex triangulations, and will   */
04286 /*  not generally work after the holes and concavities have been carved.     */
04287 /*                                                                           */
04288 /*****************************************************************************/
04289 
04290 enum locateresult locate(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
04291                          vertex searchpoint, struct otri *searchtri)
04292 {
04293   int **sampleblock;
04294   char *firsttri;
04295   struct otri sampletri;
04296   vertex torg, tdest;
04297   unsigned long alignptr;
04298   float searchdist, dist;
04299   float ahead;
04300   long samplesperblock, totalsamplesleft, samplesleft;
04301   long population, totalpopulation;
04302   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
04303 
04304   if (b->verbose > 2) {
04305     printf("  Randomly sampling for a triangle near point (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
04306            searchpoint[0], searchpoint[1]);
04307   }
04308   /* Record the distance from the suggested starting triangle to the */
04309   /*   point we seek.                                                */
04310   org(*searchtri, torg);
04311   searchdist = (searchpoint[0] - torg[0]) * (searchpoint[0] - torg[0]) +
04312                (searchpoint[1] - torg[1]) * (searchpoint[1] - torg[1]);
04313   if (b->verbose > 2) {
04314     printf("    Boundary triangle has origin (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
04315            torg[0], torg[1]);
04316   }
04317 
04318   /* If a recently encountered triangle has been recorded and has not been */
04319   /*   deallocated, test it as a good starting point.                      */
04320   if (m->recenttri.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
04321     if (!deadtri(m->recenttri.tri)) {
04322       org(m->recenttri, torg);
04323       if ((torg[0] == searchpoint[0]) && (torg[1] == searchpoint[1])) {
04324         otricopy(m->recenttri, *searchtri);
04325         return ONVERTEX;
04326       }
04327       dist = (searchpoint[0] - torg[0]) * (searchpoint[0] - torg[0]) +
04328              (searchpoint[1] - torg[1]) * (searchpoint[1] - torg[1]);
04329       if (dist < searchdist) {
04330         otricopy(m->recenttri, *searchtri);
04331         searchdist = dist;
04332         if (b->verbose > 2) {
04333           printf("    Choosing recent triangle with origin (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
04334                  torg[0], torg[1]);
04335         }
04336       }
04337     }
04338   }
04339 
04340   /* The number of random samples taken is proportional to the cube root of */
04341   /*   the number of triangles in the mesh.  The next bit of code assumes   */
04342   /*   that the number of triangles increases monotonically (or at least    */
04343   /*   doesn't decrease enough to matter).                                  */
04344   while (SAMPLEFACTOR * m->samples * m->samples * m->samples <
04345          m->triangles.items) {
04346     m->samples++;
04347   }
04348 
04349   /* We'll draw ceiling(samples * TRIPERBLOCK / maxitems) random samples  */
04350   /*   from each block of triangles (except the first)--until we meet the */
04351   /*   sample quota.  The ceiling means that blocks at the end might be   */
04352   /*   neglected, but I don't care.                                       */
04353   samplesperblock = (m->samples * TRIPERBLOCK - 1) / m->triangles.maxitems + 1;
04354   /* We'll draw ceiling(samples * itemsfirstblock / maxitems) random samples */
04355   /*   from the first block of triangles.                                    */
04356   samplesleft = (m->samples * m->triangles.itemsfirstblock - 1) /
04357                 m->triangles.maxitems + 1;
04358   totalsamplesleft = m->samples;
04359   population = m->triangles.itemsfirstblock;
04360   totalpopulation = m->triangles.maxitems;
04361   sampleblock = m->triangles.firstblock;
04362   sampletri.orient = 0;
04363   while (totalsamplesleft > 0) {
04364     /* If we're in the last block, `population' needs to be corrected. */
04365     if (population > totalpopulation) {
04366       population = totalpopulation;
04367     }
04368     /* Find a pointer to the first triangle in the block. */
04369     alignptr = (unsigned long) (sampleblock + 1);
04370     firsttri = (char *) (alignptr +
04371                          (unsigned long) m->triangles.alignbytes -
04372                          (alignptr %
04373                           (unsigned long) m->triangles.alignbytes));
04374 
04375     /* Choose `samplesleft' randomly sampled triangles in this block. */
04376     do {
04377       sampletri.tri = (triangle *) (firsttri +
04378                                     (randomnation((unsigned int) population) *
04379                                      m->triangles.itembytes));
04380       if (!deadtri(sampletri.tri)) {
04381         org(sampletri, torg);
04382         dist = (searchpoint[0] - torg[0]) * (searchpoint[0] - torg[0]) +
04383                (searchpoint[1] - torg[1]) * (searchpoint[1] - torg[1]);
04384         if (dist < searchdist) {
04385           otricopy(sampletri, *searchtri);
04386           searchdist = dist;
04387           if (b->verbose > 2) {
04388             printf("    Choosing triangle with origin (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
04389                    torg[0], torg[1]);
04390           }
04391         }
04392       }
04393 
04394       samplesleft--;
04395       totalsamplesleft--;
04396     } while ((samplesleft > 0) && (totalsamplesleft > 0));
04397 
04398     if (totalsamplesleft > 0) {
04399       sampleblock = (int **) *sampleblock;
04400       samplesleft = samplesperblock;
04401       totalpopulation -= population;
04402       population = TRIPERBLOCK;
04403     }
04404   }
04405 
04406   /* Where are we? */
04407   org(*searchtri, torg);
04408   dest(*searchtri, tdest);
04409   /* Check the starting triangle's vertices. */
04410   if ((torg[0] == searchpoint[0]) && (torg[1] == searchpoint[1])) {
04411     return ONVERTEX;
04412   }
04413   if ((tdest[0] == searchpoint[0]) && (tdest[1] == searchpoint[1])) {
04414     lnextself(*searchtri);
04415     return ONVERTEX;
04416   }
04417   /* Orient `searchtri' to fit the preconditions of calling preciselocate(). */
04418   ahead = counterclockwise(m, b, torg, tdest, searchpoint);
04419   if (ahead < 0.0) {
04420     /* Turn around so that `searchpoint' is to the left of the */
04421     /*   edge specified by `searchtri'.                        */
04422     symself(*searchtri);
04423   } else if (ahead == 0.0) {
04424     /* Check if `searchpoint' is between `torg' and `tdest'. */
04425     if (((torg[0] < searchpoint[0]) == (searchpoint[0] < tdest[0])) &&
04426         ((torg[1] < searchpoint[1]) == (searchpoint[1] < tdest[1]))) {
04427       return ONEDGE;
04428     }
04429   }
04430   return preciselocate(m, b, searchpoint, searchtri, 0);
04431 }
04432 
04435 /********* Point location routines end here                          *********/
04436 
04437 /********* Mesh transformation routines begin here                   *********/
04441 /*****************************************************************************/
04442 /*                                                                           */
04443 /*  insertsubseg()   Create a new subsegment and insert it between two       */
04444 /*                   triangles.                                              */
04445 /*                                                                           */
04446 /*  The new subsegment is inserted at the edge described by the handle       */
04447 /*  `tri'.  Its vertices are properly initialized.  The marker `subsegmark'  */
04448 /*  is applied to the subsegment and, if appropriate, its vertices.          */
04449 /*                                                                           */
04450 /*****************************************************************************/
04451 
04452 void insertsubseg(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *tri,
04453                   int subsegmark)
04454 {
04455   struct otri oppotri;
04456   struct osub newsubseg;
04457   vertex triorg, tridest;
04458   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
04459   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
04460 
04461   org(*tri, triorg);
04462   dest(*tri, tridest);
04463   /* Mark vertices if possible. */
04464   if (vertexmark(triorg) == 0) {
04465     setvertexmark(triorg, subsegmark);
04466   }
04467   if (vertexmark(tridest) == 0) {
04468     setvertexmark(tridest, subsegmark);
04469   }
04470   /* Check if there's already a subsegment here. */
04471   tspivot(*tri, newsubseg);
04472   if (newsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04473     /* Make new subsegment and initialize its vertices. */
04474     makesubseg(m, &newsubseg);
04475     setsorg(newsubseg, tridest);
04476     setsdest(newsubseg, triorg);
04477     setsegorg(newsubseg, tridest);
04478     setsegdest(newsubseg, triorg);
04479     /* Bond new subsegment to the two triangles it is sandwiched between. */
04480     /*   Note that the facing triangle `oppotri' might be equal to        */
04481     /*   `dummytri' (outer space), but the new subsegment is bonded to it */
04482     /*   all the same.                                                    */
04483     tsbond(*tri, newsubseg);
04484     sym(*tri, oppotri);
04485     ssymself(newsubseg);
04486     tsbond(oppotri, newsubseg);
04487     setmark(newsubseg, subsegmark);
04488     if (b->verbose > 2) {
04489       printf("  Inserting new ");
04490       printsubseg(m, b, &newsubseg);
04491     }
04492   } else {
04493     if (mark(newsubseg) == 0) {
04494       setmark(newsubseg, subsegmark);
04495     }
04496   }
04497 }
04498 
04499 /*****************************************************************************/
04500 /*                                                                           */
04501 /*  Terminology                                                              */
04502 /*                                                                           */
04503 /*  A "local transformation" replaces a small set of triangles with another  */
04504 /*  set of triangles.  This may or may not involve inserting or deleting a   */
04505 /*  vertex.                                                                  */
04506 /*                                                                           */
04507 /*  The term "casing" is used to describe the set of triangles that are      */
04508 /*  attached to the triangles being transformed, but are not transformed     */
04509 /*  themselves.  Think of the casing as a fixed hollow structure inside      */
04510 /*  which all the action happens.  A "casing" is only defined relative to    */
04511 /*  a single transformation; each occurrence of a transformation will        */
04512 /*  involve a different casing.                                              */
04513 /*                                                                           */
04514 /*****************************************************************************/
04515 
04516 /*****************************************************************************/
04517 /*                                                                           */
04518 /*  flip()   Transform two triangles to two different triangles by flipping  */
04519 /*           an edge counterclockwise within a quadrilateral.                */
04520 /*                                                                           */
04521 /*  Imagine the original triangles, abc and bad, oriented so that the        */
04522 /*  shared edge ab lies in a horizontal plane, with the vertex b on the left */
04523 /*  and the vertex a on the right.  The vertex c lies below the edge, and    */
04524 /*  the vertex d lies above the edge.  The `flipedge' handle holds the edge  */
04525 /*  ab of triangle abc, and is directed left, from vertex a to vertex b.     */
04526 /*                                                                           */
04527 /*  The triangles abc and bad are deleted and replaced by the triangles cdb  */
04528 /*  and dca.  The triangles that represent abc and bad are NOT deallocated;  */
04529 /*  they are reused for dca and cdb, respectively.  Hence, any handles that  */
04530 /*  may have held the original triangles are still valid, although not       */
04531 /*  directed as they were before.                                            */
04532 /*                                                                           */
04533 /*  Upon completion of this routine, the `flipedge' handle holds the edge    */
04534 /*  dc of triangle dca, and is directed down, from vertex d to vertex c.     */
04535 /*  (Hence, the two triangles have rotated counterclockwise.)                */
04536 /*                                                                           */
04537 /*  WARNING:  This transformation is geometrically valid only if the         */
04538 /*  quadrilateral adbc is convex.  Furthermore, this transformation is       */
04539 /*  valid only if there is not a subsegment between the triangles abc and    */
04540 /*  bad.  This routine does not check either of these preconditions, and     */
04541 /*  it is the responsibility of the calling routine to ensure that they are  */
04542 /*  met.  If they are not, the streets shall be filled with wailing and      */
04543 /*  gnashing of teeth.                                                       */
04544 /*                                                                           */
04545 /*****************************************************************************/
04546 
04547 void flip(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *flipedge)
04548 {
04549   struct otri botleft, botright;
04550   struct otri topleft, topright;
04551   struct otri top;
04552   struct otri botlcasing, botrcasing;
04553   struct otri toplcasing, toprcasing;
04554   struct osub botlsubseg, botrsubseg;
04555   struct osub toplsubseg, toprsubseg;
04556   vertex leftvertex, rightvertex, botvertex;
04557   vertex farvertex;
04558   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
04559   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
04560 
04561   /* Identify the vertices of the quadrilateral. */
04562   org(*flipedge, rightvertex);
04563   dest(*flipedge, leftvertex);
04564   apex(*flipedge, botvertex);
04565   sym(*flipedge, top);
04566   apex(top, farvertex);
04567 
04568   /* Identify the casing of the quadrilateral. */
04569   lprev(top, topleft);
04570   sym(topleft, toplcasing);
04571   lnext(top, topright);
04572   sym(topright, toprcasing);
04573   lnext(*flipedge, botleft);
04574   sym(botleft, botlcasing);
04575   lprev(*flipedge, botright);
04576   sym(botright, botrcasing);
04577   /* Rotate the quadrilateral one-quarter turn counterclockwise. */
04578   bond(topleft, botlcasing);
04579   bond(botleft, botrcasing);
04580   bond(botright, toprcasing);
04581   bond(topright, toplcasing);
04582 
04583   if (m->checksegments) {
04584     /* Check for subsegments and rebond them to the quadrilateral. */
04585     tspivot(topleft, toplsubseg);
04586     tspivot(botleft, botlsubseg);
04587     tspivot(botright, botrsubseg);
04588     tspivot(topright, toprsubseg);
04589     if (toplsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04590       tsdissolve(topright);
04591     } else {
04592       tsbond(topright, toplsubseg);
04593     }
04594     if (botlsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04595       tsdissolve(topleft);
04596     } else {
04597       tsbond(topleft, botlsubseg);
04598     }
04599     if (botrsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04600       tsdissolve(botleft);
04601     } else {
04602       tsbond(botleft, botrsubseg);
04603     }
04604     if (toprsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04605       tsdissolve(botright);
04606     } else {
04607       tsbond(botright, toprsubseg);
04608     }
04609   }
04610 
04611   /* New vertex assignments for the rotated quadrilateral. */
04612   setorg(*flipedge, farvertex);
04613   setdest(*flipedge, botvertex);
04614   setapex(*flipedge, rightvertex);
04615   setorg(top, botvertex);
04616   setdest(top, farvertex);
04617   setapex(top, leftvertex);
04618   if (b->verbose > 2) {
04619     printf("  Edge flip results in left ");
04620     printtriangle(m, b, &top);
04621     printf("  and right ");
04622     printtriangle(m, b, flipedge);
04623   }
04624 }
04625 
04626 /*****************************************************************************/
04627 /*                                                                           */
04628 /*  unflip()   Transform two triangles to two different triangles by         */
04629 /*             flipping an edge clockwise within a quadrilateral.  Reverses  */
04630 /*             the flip() operation so that the data structures representing */
04631 /*             the triangles are back where they were before the flip().     */
04632 /*                                                                           */
04633 /*  Imagine the original triangles, abc and bad, oriented so that the        */
04634 /*  shared edge ab lies in a horizontal plane, with the vertex b on the left */
04635 /*  and the vertex a on the right.  The vertex c lies below the edge, and    */
04636 /*  the vertex d lies above the edge.  The `flipedge' handle holds the edge  */
04637 /*  ab of triangle abc, and is directed left, from vertex a to vertex b.     */
04638 /*                                                                           */
04639 /*  The triangles abc and bad are deleted and replaced by the triangles cdb  */
04640 /*  and dca.  The triangles that represent abc and bad are NOT deallocated;  */
04641 /*  they are reused for cdb and dca, respectively.  Hence, any handles that  */
04642 /*  may have held the original triangles are still valid, although not       */
04643 /*  directed as they were before.                                            */
04644 /*                                                                           */
04645 /*  Upon completion of this routine, the `flipedge' handle holds the edge    */
04646 /*  cd of triangle cdb, and is directed up, from vertex c to vertex d.       */
04647 /*  (Hence, the two triangles have rotated clockwise.)                       */
04648 /*                                                                           */
04649 /*  WARNING:  This transformation is geometrically valid only if the         */
04650 /*  quadrilateral adbc is convex.  Furthermore, this transformation is       */
04651 /*  valid only if there is not a subsegment between the triangles abc and    */
04652 /*  bad.  This routine does not check either of these preconditions, and     */
04653 /*  it is the responsibility of the calling routine to ensure that they are  */
04654 /*  met.  If they are not, the streets shall be filled with wailing and      */
04655 /*  gnashing of teeth.                                                       */
04656 /*                                                                           */
04657 /*****************************************************************************/
04658 
04659 void unflip(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *flipedge)
04660 {
04661   struct otri botleft, botright;
04662   struct otri topleft, topright;
04663   struct otri top;
04664   struct otri botlcasing, botrcasing;
04665   struct otri toplcasing, toprcasing;
04666   struct osub botlsubseg, botrsubseg;
04667   struct osub toplsubseg, toprsubseg;
04668   vertex leftvertex, rightvertex, botvertex;
04669   vertex farvertex;
04670   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
04671   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
04672 
04673   /* Identify the vertices of the quadrilateral. */
04674   org(*flipedge, rightvertex);
04675   dest(*flipedge, leftvertex);
04676   apex(*flipedge, botvertex);
04677   sym(*flipedge, top);
04678   apex(top, farvertex);
04679 
04680   /* Identify the casing of the quadrilateral. */
04681   lprev(top, topleft);
04682   sym(topleft, toplcasing);
04683   lnext(top, topright);
04684   sym(topright, toprcasing);
04685   lnext(*flipedge, botleft);
04686   sym(botleft, botlcasing);
04687   lprev(*flipedge, botright);
04688   sym(botright, botrcasing);
04689   /* Rotate the quadrilateral one-quarter turn clockwise. */
04690   bond(topleft, toprcasing);
04691   bond(botleft, toplcasing);
04692   bond(botright, botlcasing);
04693   bond(topright, botrcasing);
04694 
04695   if (m->checksegments) {
04696     /* Check for subsegments and rebond them to the quadrilateral. */
04697     tspivot(topleft, toplsubseg);
04698     tspivot(botleft, botlsubseg);
04699     tspivot(botright, botrsubseg);
04700     tspivot(topright, toprsubseg);
04701     if (toplsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04702       tsdissolve(botleft);
04703     } else {
04704       tsbond(botleft, toplsubseg);
04705     }
04706     if (botlsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04707       tsdissolve(botright);
04708     } else {
04709       tsbond(botright, botlsubseg);
04710     }
04711     if (botrsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04712       tsdissolve(topright);
04713     } else {
04714       tsbond(topright, botrsubseg);
04715     }
04716     if (toprsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
04717       tsdissolve(topleft);
04718     } else {
04719       tsbond(topleft, toprsubseg);
04720     }
04721   }
04722 
04723   /* New vertex assignments for the rotated quadrilateral. */
04724   setorg(*flipedge, botvertex);
04725   setdest(*flipedge, farvertex);
04726   setapex(*flipedge, leftvertex);
04727   setorg(top, farvertex);
04728   setdest(top, botvertex);
04729   setapex(top, rightvertex);
04730   if (b->verbose > 2) {
04731     printf("  Edge unflip results in left ");
04732     printtriangle(m, b, flipedge);
04733     printf("  and right ");
04734     printtriangle(m, b, &top);
04735   }
04736 }
04737 
04738 /*****************************************************************************/
04739 /*                                                                           */
04740 /*  insertvertex()   Insert a vertex into a Delaunay triangulation,          */
04741 /*                   performing flips as necessary to maintain the Delaunay  */
04742 /*                   property.                                               */
04743 /*                                                                           */
04744 /*  The point `insertvertex' is located.  If `searchtri.tri' is not NULL,    */
04745 /*  the search for the containing triangle begins from `searchtri'.  If      */
04746 /*  `searchtri.tri' is NULL, a full point location procedure is called.      */
04747 /*  If `insertvertex' is found inside a triangle, the triangle is split into */
04748 /*  three; if `insertvertex' lies on an edge, the edge is split in two,      */
04749 /*  thereby splitting the two adjacent triangles into four.  Edge flips are  */
04750 /*  used to restore the Delaunay property.  If `insertvertex' lies on an     */
04751 /*  existing vertex, no action is taken, and the value DUPLICATEVERTEX is    */
04752 /*  returned.  On return, `searchtri' is set to a handle whose origin is the */
04753 /*  existing vertex.                                                         */
04754 /*                                                                           */
04755 /*  Normally, the parameter `splitseg' is set to NULL, implying that no      */
04756 /*  subsegment should be split.  In this case, if `insertvertex' is found to */
04757 /*  lie on a segment, no action is taken, and the value VIOLATINGVERTEX is   */
04758 /*  returned.  On return, `searchtri' is set to a handle whose primary edge  */
04759 /*  is the violated subsegment.                                              */
04760 /*                                                                           */
04761 /*  If the calling routine wishes to split a subsegment by inserting a       */
04762 /*  vertex in it, the parameter `splitseg' should be that subsegment.  In    */
04763 /*  this case, `searchtri' MUST be the triangle handle reached by pivoting   */
04764 /*  from that subsegment; no point location is done.                         */
04765 /*                                                                           */
04766 /*  `segmentflaws' and `triflaws' are flags that indicate whether or not     */
04767 /*  there should be checks for the creation of encroached subsegments or bad */
04768 /*  quality triangles.  If a newly inserted vertex encroaches upon           */
04769 /*  subsegments, these subsegments are added to the list of subsegments to   */
04770 /*  be split if `segmentflaws' is set.  If bad triangles are created, these  */
04771 /*  are added to the queue if `triflaws' is set.                             */
04772 /*                                                                           */
04773 /*  If a duplicate vertex or violated segment does not prevent the vertex    */
04774 /*  from being inserted, the return value will be ENCROACHINGVERTEX if the   */
04775 /*  vertex encroaches upon a subsegment (and checking is enabled), or        */
04776 /*  SUCCESSFULVERTEX otherwise.  In either case, `searchtri' is set to a     */
04777 /*  handle whose origin is the newly inserted vertex.                        */
04778 /*                                                                           */
04779 /*  insertvertex() does not use flip() for reasons of speed; some            */
04780 /*  information can be reused from edge flip to edge flip, like the          */
04781 /*  locations of subsegments.                                                */
04782 /*                                                                           */
04783 /*****************************************************************************/
04784 
04785 enum insertvertexresult insertvertex(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
04786                                      vertex newvertex, struct otri *searchtri,
04787                                      struct osub *splitseg,
04788                                      int segmentflaws, int triflaws)
04789 {
04790   struct otri horiz;
04791   struct otri top;
04792   struct otri botleft, botright;
04793   struct otri topleft, topright;
04794   struct otri newbotleft, newbotright;
04795   struct otri newtopright;
04796   struct otri botlcasing, botrcasing;
04797   struct otri toplcasing, toprcasing;
04798   struct otri testtri;
04799   struct osub botlsubseg, botrsubseg;
04800   struct osub toplsubseg, toprsubseg;
04801   struct osub brokensubseg;
04802   struct osub checksubseg;
04803   struct osub rightsubseg;
04804   struct osub newsubseg;
04805   struct badsubseg *encroached;
04806   struct flipstacker *newflip;
04807   vertex first;
04808   vertex leftvertex, rightvertex, botvertex, topvertex, farvertex;
04809   vertex segmentorg, segmentdest;
04810   float attrib;
04811   float area;
04812   enum insertvertexresult success;
04813   enum locateresult intersect;
04814   int doflip;
04815   int mirrorflag;
04816   int enq;
04817   int i;
04818   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
04819   subseg sptr;         /* Temporary variable used by spivot() and tspivot(). */
04820 
04821   if (b->verbose > 1) {
04822     printf("  Inserting (%.12g, %.12g).\n", newvertex[0], newvertex[1]);
04823   }
04824 
04825   if (splitseg == (struct osub *) NULL) {
04826     /* Find the location of the vertex to be inserted.  Check if a good */
04827     /*   starting triangle has already been provided by the caller.     */
04828     if (searchtri->tri == m->dummytri) {
04829       /* Find a boundary triangle. */
04830       horiz.tri = m->dummytri;
04831       horiz.orient = 0;
04832       symself(horiz);
04833       /* Search for a triangle containing `newvertex'. */
04834       intersect = locate(m, b, newvertex, &horiz);
04835     } else {
04836       /* Start searching from the triangle provided by the caller. */
04837       otricopy(*searchtri, horiz);
04838       intersect = preciselocate(m, b, newvertex, &horiz, 1);
04839     }
04840   } else {
04841     /* The calling routine provides the subsegment in which */
04842     /*   the vertex is inserted.                             */
04843     otricopy(*searchtri, horiz);
04844     intersect = ONEDGE;
04845   }
04846 
04847   if (intersect == ONVERTEX) {
04848     /* There's already a vertex there.  Return in `searchtri' a triangle */
04849     /*   whose origin is the existing vertex.                            */
04850     otricopy(horiz, *searchtri);
04851     otricopy(horiz, m->recenttri);
04852     return DUPLICATEVERTEX;
04853   }
04854   if ((intersect == ONEDGE) || (intersect == OUTSIDE)) {
04855     /* The vertex falls on an edge or boundary. */
04856     if (m->checksegments && (splitseg == (struct osub *) NULL)) {
04857       /* Check whether the vertex falls on a subsegment. */
04858       tspivot(horiz, brokensubseg);
04859       if (brokensubseg.ss != m->dummysub) {
04860         /* The vertex falls on a subsegment, and hence will not be inserted. */
04861         if (segmentflaws) {
04862           enq = b->nobisect != 2;
04863           if (enq && (b->nobisect == 1)) {
04864             /* This subsegment may be split only if it is an */
04865             /*   internal boundary.                          */
04866             sym(horiz, testtri);
04867             enq = testtri.tri != m->dummytri;
04868           }
04869           if (enq) {
04870             /* Add the subsegment to the list of encroached subsegments. */
04871             encroached = (struct badsubseg *) poolalloc(&m->badsubsegs);
04872             encroached->encsubseg = sencode(brokensubseg);
04873             sorg(brokensubseg, encroached->subsegorg);
04874             sdest(brokensubseg, encroached->subsegdest);
04875             if (b->verbose > 2) {
04876               printf(
04877           "  Queueing encroached subsegment (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
04878                      encroached->subsegorg[0], encroached->subsegorg[1],
04879                      encroached->subsegdest[0], encroached->subsegdest[1]);
04880             }
04881           }
04882         }
04883         /* Return a handle whose primary edge contains the vertex, */
04884         /*   which has not been inserted.                          */
04885         otricopy(horiz, *searchtri);
04886         otricopy(horiz, m->recenttri);
04887         return VIOLATINGVERTEX;
04888       }
04889     }
04890 
04891     /* Insert the vertex on an edge, dividing one triangle into two (if */
04892     /*   the edge lies on a boundary) or two triangles into four.       */
04893     lprev(horiz, botright);
04894     sym(botright, botrcasing);
04895     sym(horiz, topright);
04896     /* Is there a second triangle?  (Or does this edge lie on a boundary?) */
04897     mirrorflag = topright.tri != m->dummytri;
04898     if (mirrorflag) {
04899       lnextself(topright);
04900       sym(topright, toprcasing);
04901       maketriangle(m, b, &newtopright);
04902     } else {
04903       /* Splitting a boundary edge increases the number of boundary edges. */
04904       m->hullsize++;
04905     }
04906     maketriangle(m, b, &newbotright);
04907 
04908     /* Set the vertices of changed and new triangles. */
04909     org(horiz, rightvertex);
04910     dest(horiz, leftvertex);
04911     apex(horiz, botvertex);
04912     setorg(newbotright, botvertex);
04913     setdest(newbotright, rightvertex);
04914     setapex(newbotright, newvertex);
04915     setorg(horiz, newvertex);
04916     for (i = 0; i < m->eextras; i++) {
04917       /* Set the element attributes of a new triangle. */
04918       setelemattribute(newbotright, i, elemattribute(botright, i));
04919     }
04920     if (b->vararea) {
04921       /* Set the area constraint of a new triangle. */
04922       setareabound(newbotright, areabound(botright));
04923     }
04924     if (mirrorflag) {
04925       dest(topright, topvertex);
04926       setorg(newtopright, rightvertex);
04927       setdest(newtopright, topvertex);
04928       setapex(newtopright, newvertex);
04929       setorg(topright, newvertex);
04930       for (i = 0; i < m->eextras; i++) {
04931         /* Set the element attributes of another new triangle. */
04932         setelemattribute(newtopright, i, elemattribute(topright, i));
04933       }
04934       if (b->vararea) {
04935         /* Set the area constraint of another new triangle. */
04936         setareabound(newtopright, areabound(topright));
04937       }
04938     }
04939 
04940     /* There may be subsegments that need to be bonded */
04941     /*   to the new triangle(s).                       */
04942     if (m->checksegments) {
04943       tspivot(botright, botrsubseg);
04944       if (botrsubseg.ss != m->dummysub) {
04945         tsdissolve(botright);
04946         tsbond(newbotright, botrsubseg);
04947       }
04948       if (mirrorflag) {
04949         tspivot(topright, toprsubseg);
04950         if (toprsubseg.ss != m->dummysub) {
04951           tsdissolve(topright);
04952           tsbond(newtopright, toprsubseg);
04953         }
04954       }
04955     }
04956 
04957     /* Bond the new triangle(s) to the surrounding triangles. */
04958     bond(newbotright, botrcasing);
04959     lprevself(newbotright);
04960     bond(newbotright, botright);
04961     lprevself(newbotright);
04962     if (mirrorflag) {
04963       bond(newtopright, toprcasing);
04964       lnextself(newtopright);
04965       bond(newtopright, topright);
04966       lnextself(newtopright);
04967       bond(newtopright, newbotright);
04968     }
04969 
04970     if (splitseg != (struct osub *) NULL) {
04971       /* Split the subsegment into two. */
04972       setsdest(*splitseg, newvertex);
04973       segorg(*splitseg, segmentorg);
04974       segdest(*splitseg, segmentdest);
04975       ssymself(*splitseg);
04976       spivot(*splitseg, rightsubseg);
04977       insertsubseg(m, b, &newbotright, mark(*splitseg));
04978       tspivot(newbotright, newsubseg);
04979       setsegorg(newsubseg, segmentorg);
04980       setsegdest(newsubseg, segmentdest);
04981       sbond(*splitseg, newsubseg);
04982       ssymself(newsubseg);
04983       sbond(newsubseg, rightsubseg);
04984       ssymself(*splitseg);
04985       /* Transfer the subsegment's boundary marker to the vertex */
04986       /*   if required.                                          */
04987       if (vertexmark(newvertex) == 0) {
04988         setvertexmark(newvertex, mark(*splitseg));
04989       }
04990     }
04991 
04992     if (m->checkquality) {
04993       poolrestart(&m->flipstackers);
04994       m->lastflip = (struct flipstacker *) poolalloc(&m->flipstackers);
04995       m->lastflip->flippedtri = encode(horiz);
04996       m->lastflip->prevflip = (struct flipstacker *) &insertvertex;
04997     }
04998     if (b->verbose > 2) {
04999       printf("  Updating bottom left ");
05000       printtriangle(m, b, &botright);
05001       if (mirrorflag) {
05002         printf("  Updating top left ");
05003         printtriangle(m, b, &topright);
05004         printf("  Creating top right ");
05005         printtriangle(m, b, &newtopright);
05006       }
05007       printf("  Creating bottom right ");
05008       printtriangle(m, b, &newbotright);
05009     }
05010 
05011     /* Position `horiz' on the first edge to check for */
05012     /*   the Delaunay property.                        */
05013     lnextself(horiz);
05014   } else {
05015     /* Insert the vertex in a triangle, splitting it into three. */
05016     lnext(horiz, botleft);
05017     lprev(horiz, botright);
05018     sym(botleft, botlcasing);
05019     sym(botright, botrcasing);
05020     maketriangle(m, b, &newbotleft);
05021     maketriangle(m, b, &newbotright);
05022 
05023     /* Set the vertices of changed and new triangles. */
05024     org(horiz, rightvertex);
05025     dest(horiz, leftvertex);
05026     apex(horiz, botvertex);
05027     setorg(newbotleft, leftvertex);
05028     setdest(newbotleft, botvertex);
05029     setapex(newbotleft, newvertex);
05030     setorg(newbotright, botvertex);
05031     setdest(newbotright, rightvertex);
05032     setapex(newbotright, newvertex);
05033     setapex(horiz, newvertex);
05034     for (i = 0; i < m->eextras; i++) {
05035       /* Set the element attributes of the new triangles. */
05036       attrib = elemattribute(horiz, i);
05037       setelemattribute(newbotleft, i, attrib);
05038       setelemattribute(newbotright, i, attrib);
05039     }
05040     if (b->vararea) {
05041       /* Set the area constraint of the new triangles. */
05042       area = areabound(horiz);
05043       setareabound(newbotleft, area);
05044       setareabound(newbotright, area);
05045     }
05046 
05047     /* There may be subsegments that need to be bonded */
05048     /*   to the new triangles.                         */
05049     if (m->checksegments) {
05050       tspivot(botleft, botlsubseg);
05051       if (botlsubseg.ss != m->dummysub) {
05052         tsdissolve(botleft);
05053         tsbond(newbotleft, botlsubseg);
05054       }
05055       tspivot(botright, botrsubseg);
05056       if (botrsubseg.ss != m->dummysub) {
05057         tsdissolve(botright);
05058         tsbond(newbotright, botrsubseg);
05059       }
05060     }
05061 
05062     /* Bond the new triangles to the surrounding triangles. */
05063     bond(newbotleft, botlcasing);
05064     bond(newbotright, botrcasing);
05065     lnextself(newbotleft);
05066     lprevself(newbotright);
05067     bond(newbotleft, newbotright);
05068     lnextself(newbotleft);
05069     bond(botleft, newbotleft);
05070     lprevself(newbotright);
05071     bond(botright, newbotright);
05072 
05073     if (m->checkquality) {
05074       poolrestart(&m->flipstackers);
05075       m->lastflip = (struct flipstacker *) poolalloc(&m->flipstackers);
05076       m->lastflip->flippedtri = encode(horiz);
05077       m->lastflip->prevflip = (struct flipstacker *) NULL;
05078     }
05079     if (b->verbose > 2) {
05080       printf("  Updating top ");
05081       printtriangle(m, b, &horiz);
05082       printf("  Creating left ");
05083       printtriangle(m, b, &newbotleft);
05084       printf("  Creating right ");
05085       printtriangle(m, b, &newbotright);
05086     }
05087   }
05088 
05089   /* The insertion is successful by default, unless an encroached */
05090   /*   subsegment is found.                                       */
05091   success = SUCCESSFULVERTEX;
05092   /* Circle around the newly inserted vertex, checking each edge opposite */
05093   /*   it for the Delaunay property.  Non-Delaunay edges are flipped.     */
05094   /*   `horiz' is always the edge being checked.  `first' marks where to  */
05095   /*   stop circling.                                                     */
05096   org(horiz, first);
05097   rightvertex = first;
05098   dest(horiz, leftvertex);
05099   /* Circle until finished. */
05100   while (1) {
05101     /* By default, the edge will be flipped. */
05102     doflip = 1;
05103 
05104     if (m->checksegments) {
05105       /* Check for a subsegment, which cannot be flipped. */
05106       tspivot(horiz, checksubseg);
05107       if (checksubseg.ss != m->dummysub) {
05108         /* The edge is a subsegment and cannot be flipped. */
05109         doflip = 0;
05110       }
05111     }
05112 
05113     if (doflip) {
05114       /* Check if the edge is a boundary edge. */
05115       sym(horiz, top);
05116       if (top.tri == m->dummytri) {
05117         /* The edge is a boundary edge and cannot be flipped. */
05118         doflip = 0;
05119       } else {
05120         /* Find the vertex on the other side of the edge. */
05121         apex(top, farvertex);
05122         /* In the incremental Delaunay triangulation algorithm, any of      */
05123         /*   `leftvertex', `rightvertex', and `farvertex' could be vertices */
05124         /*   of the triangular bounding box.  These vertices must be        */
05125         /*   treated as if they are infinitely distant, even though their   */
05126         /*   "coordinates" are not.                                         */
05127         if ((leftvertex == m->infvertex1) || (leftvertex == m->infvertex2) ||
05128             (leftvertex == m->infvertex3)) {
05129           /* `leftvertex' is infinitely distant.  Check the convexity of  */
05130           /*   the boundary of the triangulation.  'farvertex' might be   */
05131           /*   infinite as well, but trust me, this same condition should */
05132           /*   be applied.                                                */
05133           doflip = counterclockwise(m, b, newvertex, rightvertex, farvertex)
05134                    > 0.0;
05135         } else if ((rightvertex == m->infvertex1) ||
05136                    (rightvertex == m->infvertex2) ||
05137                    (rightvertex == m->infvertex3)) {
05138           /* `rightvertex' is infinitely distant.  Check the convexity of */
05139           /*   the boundary of the triangulation.  'farvertex' might be   */
05140           /*   infinite as well, but trust me, this same condition should */
05141           /*   be applied.                                                */
05142           doflip = counterclockwise(m, b, farvertex, leftvertex, newvertex)
05143                    > 0.0;
05144         } else if ((farvertex == m->infvertex1) ||
05145                    (farvertex == m->infvertex2) ||
05146                    (farvertex == m->infvertex3)) {
05147           /* `farvertex' is infinitely distant and cannot be inside */
05148           /*   the circumcircle of the triangle `horiz'.            */
05149           doflip = 0;
05150         } else {
05151           /* Test whether the edge is locally Delaunay. */
05152           doflip = incircle(m, b, leftvertex, newvertex, rightvertex,
05153                             farvertex) > 0.0;
05154         }
05155         if (doflip) {
05156           /* We made it!  Flip the edge `horiz' by rotating its containing */
05157           /*   quadrilateral (the two triangles adjacent to `horiz').      */
05158           /* Identify the casing of the quadrilateral. */
05159           lprev(top, topleft);
05160           sym(topleft, toplcasing);
05161           lnext(top, topright);
05162           sym(topright, toprcasing);
05163           lnext(horiz, botleft);
05164           sym(botleft, botlcasing);
05165           lprev(horiz, botright);
05166           sym(botright, botrcasing);
05167           /* Rotate the quadrilateral one-quarter turn counterclockwise. */
05168           bond(topleft, botlcasing);
05169           bond(botleft, botrcasing);
05170           bond(botright, toprcasing);
05171           bond(topright, toplcasing);
05172           if (m->checksegments) {
05173             /* Check for subsegments and rebond them to the quadrilateral. */
05174             tspivot(topleft, toplsubseg);
05175             tspivot(botleft, botlsubseg);
05176             tspivot(botright, botrsubseg);
05177             tspivot(topright, toprsubseg);
05178             if (toplsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
05179               tsdissolve(topright);
05180             } else {
05181               tsbond(topright, toplsubseg);
05182             }
05183             if (botlsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
05184               tsdissolve(topleft);
05185             } else {
05186               tsbond(topleft, botlsubseg);
05187             }
05188             if (botrsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
05189               tsdissolve(botleft);
05190             } else {
05191               tsbond(botleft, botrsubseg);
05192             }
05193             if (toprsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
05194               tsdissolve(botright);
05195             } else {
05196               tsbond(botright, toprsubseg);
05197             }
05198           }
05199           /* New vertex assignments for the rotated quadrilateral. */
05200           setorg(horiz, farvertex);
05201           setdest(horiz, newvertex);
05202           setapex(horiz, rightvertex);
05203           setorg(top, newvertex);
05204           setdest(top, farvertex);
05205           setapex(top, leftvertex);
05206           for (i = 0; i < m->eextras; i++) {
05207             /* Take the average of the two triangles' attributes. */
05208             attrib = 0.5 * (elemattribute(top, i) + elemattribute(horiz, i));
05209             setelemattribute(top, i, attrib);
05210             setelemattribute(horiz, i, attrib);
05211           }
05212           if (b->vararea) {
05213             if ((areabound(top) <= 0.0) || (areabound(horiz) <= 0.0)) {
05214               area = -1.0;
05215             } else {
05216               /* Take the average of the two triangles' area constraints.    */
05217               /*   This prevents small area constraints from migrating a     */
05218               /*   long, long way from their original location due to flips. */
05219               area = 0.5 * (areabound(top) + areabound(horiz));
05220             }
05221             setareabound(top, area);
05222             setareabound(horiz, area);
05223           }
05224 
05225           if (m->checkquality) {
05226             newflip = (struct flipstacker *) poolalloc(&m->flipstackers);
05227             newflip->flippedtri = encode(horiz);
05228             newflip->prevflip = m->lastflip;
05229             m->lastflip = newflip;
05230           }
05231           if (b->verbose > 2) {
05232             printf("  Edge flip results in left ");
05233             lnextself(topleft);
05234             printtriangle(m, b, &topleft);
05235             printf("  and right ");
05236             printtriangle(m, b, &horiz);
05237           }
05238           /* On the next iterations, consider the two edges that were  */
05239           /*   exposed (this is, are now visible to the newly inserted */
05240           /*   vertex) by the edge flip.                               */
05241           lprevself(horiz);
05242           leftvertex = farvertex;
05243         }
05244       }
05245     }
05246     if (!doflip) {
05247       /* The handle `horiz' is accepted as locally Delaunay. */
05248       /* Look for the next edge around the newly inserted vertex. */
05249       lnextself(horiz);
05250       sym(horiz, testtri);
05251       /* Check for finishing a complete revolution about the new vertex, or */
05252       /*   falling outside  of the triangulation.  The latter will happen   */
05253       /*   when a vertex is inserted at a boundary.                         */
05254       if ((leftvertex == first) || (testtri.tri == m->dummytri)) {
05255         /* We're done.  Return a triangle whose origin is the new vertex. */
05256         lnext(horiz, *searchtri);
05257         lnext(horiz, m->recenttri);
05258         return success;
05259       }
05260       /* Finish finding the next edge around the newly inserted vertex. */
05261       lnext(testtri, horiz);
05262       rightvertex = leftvertex;
05263       dest(horiz, leftvertex);
05264     }
05265   }
05266 }
05267 
05268 /*****************************************************************************/
05269 /*                                                                           */
05270 /*  triangulatepolygon()   Find the Delaunay triangulation of a polygon that */
05271 /*                         has a certain "nice" shape.  This includes the    */
05272 /*                         polygons that result from deletion of a vertex or */
05273 /*                         insertion of a segment.                           */
05274 /*                                                                           */
05275 /*  This is a conceptually difficult routine.  The starting assumption is    */
05276 /*  that we have a polygon with n sides.  n - 1 of these sides are currently */
05277 /*  represented as edges in the mesh.  One side, called the "base", need not */
05278 /*  be.                                                                      */
05279 /*                                                                           */
05280 /*  Inside the polygon is a structure I call a "fan", consisting of n - 1    */
05281 /*  triangles that share a common origin.  For each of these triangles, the  */
05282 /*  edge opposite the origin is one of the sides of the polygon.  The        */
05283 /*  primary edge of each triangle is the edge directed from the origin to    */
05284 /*  the destination; note that this is not the same edge that is a side of   */
05285 /*  the polygon.  `firstedge' is the primary edge of the first triangle.     */
05286 /*  From there, the triangles follow in counterclockwise order about the     */
05287 /*  polygon, until `lastedge', the primary edge of the last triangle.        */
05288 /*  `firstedge' and `lastedge' are probably connected to other triangles     */
05289 /*  beyond the extremes of the fan, but their identity is not important, as  */
05290 /*  long as the fan remains connected to them.                               */
05291 /*                                                                           */
05292 /*  Imagine the polygon oriented so that its base is at the bottom.  This    */
05293 /*  puts `firstedge' on the far right, and `lastedge' on the far left.       */
05294 /*  The right vertex of the base is the destination of `firstedge', and the  */
05295 /*  left vertex of the base is the apex of `lastedge'.                       */
05296 /*                                                                           */
05297 /*  The challenge now is to find the right sequence of edge flips to         */
05298 /*  transform the fan into a Delaunay triangulation of the polygon.  Each    */
05299 /*  edge flip effectively removes one triangle from the fan, committing it   */
05300 /*  to the polygon.  The resulting polygon has one fewer edge.  If `doflip'  */
05301 /*  is set, the final flip will be performed, resulting in a fan of one      */
05302 /*  (useless?) triangle.  If `doflip' is not set, the final flip is not      */
05303 /*  performed, resulting in a fan of two triangles, and an unfinished        */
05304 /*  triangular polygon that is not yet filled out with a single triangle.    */
05305 /*  On completion of the routine, `lastedge' is the last remaining triangle, */
05306 /*  or the leftmost of the last two.                                         */
05307 /*                                                                           */
05308 /*  Although the flips are performed in the order described above, the       */
05309 /*  decisions about what flips to perform are made in precisely the reverse  */
05310 /*  order.  The recursive triangulatepolygon() procedure makes a decision,   */
05311 /*  uses up to two recursive calls to triangulate the "subproblems"          */
05312 /*  (polygons with fewer edges), and then performs an edge flip.             */
05313 /*                                                                           */
05314 /*  The "decision" it makes is which vertex of the polygon should be         */
05315 /*  connected to the base.  This decision is made by testing every possible  */
05316 /*  vertex.  Once the best vertex is found, the two edges that connect this  */
05317 /*  vertex to the base become the bases for two smaller polygons.  These     */
05318 /*  are triangulated recursively.  Unfortunately, this approach can take     */
05319 /*  O(n^2) time not only in the worst case, but in many common cases.  It's  */
05320 /*  rarely a big deal for vertex deletion, where n is rarely larger than     */
05321 /*  ten, but it could be a big deal for segment insertion, especially if     */
05322 /*  there's a lot of long segments that each cut many triangles.  I ought to */
05323 /*  code a faster algorithm some day.                                        */
05324 /*                                                                           */
05325 /*  The `edgecount' parameter is the number of sides of the polygon,         */
05326 /*  including its base.  `triflaws' is a flag that determines whether the    */
05327 /*  new triangles should be tested for quality, and enqueued if they are     */
05328 /*  bad.                                                                     */
05329 /*                                                                           */
05330 /*****************************************************************************/
05331 
05332 void triangulatepolygon(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
05333                         struct otri *firstedge, struct otri *lastedge,
05334                         int edgecount, int doflip, int triflaws)
05335 {
05336   struct otri testtri;
05337   struct otri besttri;
05338   struct otri tempedge;
05339   vertex leftbasevertex, rightbasevertex;
05340   vertex testvertex;
05341   vertex bestvertex;
05342   int bestnumber;
05343   int i;
05344   triangle ptr;   /* Temporary variable used by sym(), onext(), and oprev(). */
05345 
05346   /* Identify the base vertices. */
05347   apex(*lastedge, leftbasevertex);
05348   dest(*firstedge, rightbasevertex);
05349   if (b->verbose > 2) {
05350     printf("  Triangulating interior polygon at edge\n");
05351     printf("    (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g)\n", leftbasevertex[0],
05352            leftbasevertex[1], rightbasevertex[0], rightbasevertex[1]);
05353   }
05354   /* Find the best vertex to connect the base to. */
05355   onext(*firstedge, besttri);
05356   dest(besttri, bestvertex);
05357   otricopy(besttri, testtri);
05358   bestnumber = 1;
05359   for (i = 2; i <= edgecount - 2; i++) {
05360     onextself(testtri);
05361     dest(testtri, testvertex);
05362     /* Is this a better vertex? */
05363     if (incircle(m, b, leftbasevertex, rightbasevertex, bestvertex,
05364                  testvertex) > 0.0) {
05365       otricopy(testtri, besttri);
05366       bestvertex = testvertex;
05367       bestnumber = i;
05368     }
05369   }
05370   if (b->verbose > 2) {
05371     printf("    Connecting edge to (%.12g, %.12g)\n", bestvertex[0],
05372            bestvertex[1]);
05373   }
05374   if (bestnumber > 1) {
05375     /* Recursively triangulate the smaller polygon on the right. */
05376     oprev(besttri, tempedge);
05377     triangulatepolygon(m, b, firstedge, &tempedge, bestnumber + 1, 1,
05378                        triflaws);
05379   }
05380   if (bestnumber < edgecount - 2) {
05381     /* Recursively triangulate the smaller polygon on the left. */
05382     sym(besttri, tempedge);
05383     triangulatepolygon(m, b, &besttri, lastedge, edgecount - bestnumber, 1,
05384                        triflaws);
05385     /* Find `besttri' again; it may have been lost to edge flips. */
05386     sym(tempedge, besttri);
05387   }
05388   if (doflip) {
05389     /* Do one final edge flip. */
05390     flip(m, b, &besttri);
05391   }
05392   /* Return the base triangle. */
05393   otricopy(besttri, *lastedge);
05394 }
05395 
05398 /********* Mesh transformation routines end here                     *********/
05399 
05400 /********* Divide-and-conquer Delaunay triangulation begins here     *********/
05404 /*****************************************************************************/
05405 /*                                                                           */
05406 /*  The divide-and-conquer bounding box                                      */
05407 /*                                                                           */
05408 /*  I originally implemented the divide-and-conquer and incremental Delaunay */
05409 /*  triangulations using the edge-based data structure presented by Guibas   */
05410 /*  and Stolfi.  Switching to a triangle-based data structure doubled the    */
05411 /*  speed.  However, I had to think of a few extra tricks to maintain the    */
05412 /*  elegance of the original algorithms.                                     */
05413 /*                                                                           */
05414 /*  The "bounding box" used by my variant of the divide-and-conquer          */
05415 /*  algorithm uses one triangle for each edge of the convex hull of the      */
05416 /*  triangulation.  These bounding triangles all share a common apical       */
05417 /*  vertex, which is represented by NULL and which represents nothing.       */
05418 /*  The bounding triangles are linked in a circular fan about this NULL      */
05419 /*  vertex, and the edges on the convex hull of the triangulation appear     */
05420 /*  opposite the NULL vertex.  You might find it easiest to imagine that     */
05421 /*  the NULL vertex is a point in 3D space behind the center of the          */
05422 /*  triangulation, and that the bounding triangles form a sort of cone.      */
05423 /*                                                                           */
05424 /*  This bounding box makes it easy to represent degenerate cases.  For      */
05425 /*  instance, the triangulation of two vertices is a single edge.  This edge */
05426 /*  is represented by two bounding box triangles, one on each "side" of the  */
05427 /*  edge.  These triangles are also linked together in a fan about the NULL  */
05428 /*  vertex.                                                                  */
05429 /*                                                                           */
05430 /*  The bounding box also makes it easy to traverse the convex hull, as the  */
05431 /*  divide-and-conquer algorithm needs to do.                                */
05432 /*                                                                           */
05433 /*****************************************************************************/
05434 
05435 /*****************************************************************************/
05436 /*                                                                           */
05437 /*  vertexsort()   Sort an array of vertices by x-coordinate, using the      */
05438 /*                 y-coordinate as a secondary key.                          */
05439 /*                                                                           */
05440 /*  Uses quicksort.  Randomized O(n log n) time.  No, I did not make any of  */
05441 /*  the usual quicksort mistakes.                                            */
05442 /*                                                                           */
05443 /*****************************************************************************/
05444 
05445 void vertexsort(vertex *sortarray, int arraysize)
05446 {
05447   int left, right;
05448   int pivot;
05449   float pivotx, pivoty;
05450   vertex temp;
05451 
05452   if (arraysize == 2) {
05453     /* Recursive base case. */
05454     if ((sortarray[0][0] > sortarray[1][0]) ||
05455         ((sortarray[0][0] == sortarray[1][0]) &&
05456          (sortarray[0][1] > sortarray[1][1]))) {
05457       temp = sortarray[1];
05458       sortarray[1] = sortarray[0];
05459       sortarray[0] = temp;
05460     }
05461     return;
05462   }
05463   /* Choose a random pivot to split the array. */
05464   pivot = (int) randomnation((unsigned int) arraysize);
05465   pivotx = sortarray[pivot][0];
05466   pivoty = sortarray[pivot][1];
05467   /* Split the array. */
05468   left = -1;
05469   right = arraysize;
05470   while (left < right) {
05471     /* Search for a vertex whose x-coordinate is too large for the left. */
05472     do {
05473       left++;
05474     } while ((left <= right) && ((sortarray[left][0] < pivotx) ||
05475                                  ((sortarray[left][0] == pivotx) &&
05476                                   (sortarray[left][1] < pivoty))));
05477     /* Search for a vertex whose x-coordinate is too small for the right. */
05478     do {
05479       right--;
05480     } while ((left <= right) && ((sortarray[right][0] > pivotx) ||
05481                                  ((sortarray[right][0] == pivotx) &&
05482                                   (sortarray[right][1] > pivoty))));
05483     if (left < right) {
05484       /* Swap the left and right vertices. */
05485       temp = sortarray[left];
05486       sortarray[left] = sortarray[right];
05487       sortarray[right] = temp;
05488     }
05489   }
05490   if (left > 1) {
05491     /* Recursively sort the left subset. */
05492     vertexsort(sortarray, left);
05493   }
05494   if (right < arraysize - 2) {
05495     /* Recursively sort the right subset. */
05496     vertexsort(&sortarray[right + 1], arraysize - right - 1);
05497   }
05498 }
05499 
05500 /*****************************************************************************/
05501 /*                                                                           */
05502 /*  vertexmedian()   An order statistic algorithm, almost.  Shuffles an      */
05503 /*                   array of vertices so that the first `median' vertices   */
05504 /*                   occur lexicographically before the remaining vertices.  */
05505 /*                                                                           */
05506 /*  Uses the x-coordinate as the primary key if axis == 0; the y-coordinate  */
05507 /*  if axis == 1.  Very similar to the vertexsort() procedure, but runs in   */
05508 /*  randomized linear time.                                                  */
05509 /*                                                                           */
05510 /*****************************************************************************/
05511 
05512 void vertexmedian(vertex *sortarray, int arraysize, int median, int axis)
05513 {
05514   int left, right;
05515   int pivot;
05516   float pivot1, pivot2;
05517   vertex temp;
05518 
05519   if (arraysize == 2) {
05520     /* Recursive base case. */
05521     if ((sortarray[0][axis] > sortarray[1][axis]) ||
05522         ((sortarray[0][axis] == sortarray[1][axis]) &&
05523          (sortarray[0][1 - axis] > sortarray[1][1 - axis]))) {
05524       temp = sortarray[1];
05525       sortarray[1] = sortarray[0];
05526       sortarray[0] = temp;
05527     }
05528     return;
05529   }
05530   /* Choose a random pivot to split the array. */
05531   pivot = (int) randomnation((unsigned int) arraysize);
05532   pivot1 = sortarray[pivot][axis];
05533   pivot2 = sortarray[pivot][1 - axis];
05534   /* Split the array. */
05535   left = -1;
05536   right = arraysize;
05537   while (left < right) {
05538     /* Search for a vertex whose x-coordinate is too large for the left. */
05539     do {
05540       left++;
05541     } while ((left <= right) && ((sortarray[left][axis] < pivot1) ||
05542                                  ((sortarray[left][axis] == pivot1) &&
05543                                   (sortarray[left][1 - axis] < pivot2))));
05544     /* Search for a vertex whose x-coordinate is too small for the right. */
05545     do {
05546       right--;
05547     } while ((left <= right) && ((sortarray[right][axis] > pivot1) ||
05548                                  ((sortarray[right][axis] == pivot1) &&
05549                                   (sortarray[right][1 - axis] > pivot2))));
05550     if (left < right) {
05551       /* Swap the left and right vertices. */
05552       temp = sortarray[left];
05553       sortarray[left] = sortarray[right];
05554       sortarray[right] = temp;
05555     }
05556   }
05557   /* Unlike in vertexsort(), at most one of the following */
05558   /*   conditionals is true.                             */
05559   if (left > median) {
05560     /* Recursively shuffle the left subset. */
05561     vertexmedian(sortarray, left, median, axis);
05562   }
05563   if (right < median - 1) {
05564     /* Recursively shuffle the right subset. */
05565     vertexmedian(&sortarray[right + 1], arraysize - right - 1,
05566                  median - right - 1, axis);
05567   }
05568 }
05569 
05570 /*****************************************************************************/
05571 /*                                                                           */
05572 /*  alternateaxes()   Sorts the vertices as appropriate for the divide-and-  */
05573 /*                    conquer algorithm with alternating cuts.               */
05574 /*                                                                           */
05575 /*  Partitions by x-coordinate if axis == 0; by y-coordinate if axis == 1.   */
05576 /*  For the base case, subsets containing only two or three vertices are     */
05577 /*  always sorted by x-coordinate.                                           */
05578 /*                                                                           */
05579 /*****************************************************************************/
05580 
05581 void alternateaxes(vertex *sortarray, int arraysize, int axis)
05582 {
05583   int divider;
05584 
05585   divider = arraysize >> 1;
05586   if (arraysize <= 3) {
05587     /* Recursive base case:  subsets of two or three vertices will be    */
05588     /*   handled specially, and should always be sorted by x-coordinate. */
05589     axis = 0;
05590   }
05591   /* Partition with a horizontal or vertical cut. */
05592   vertexmedian(sortarray, arraysize, divider, axis);
05593   /* Recursively partition the subsets with a cross cut. */
05594   if (arraysize - divider >= 2) {
05595     if (divider >= 2) {
05596       alternateaxes(sortarray, divider, 1 - axis);
05597     }
05598     alternateaxes(&sortarray[divider], arraysize - divider, 1 - axis);
05599   }
05600 }
05601 
05602 /*****************************************************************************/
05603 /*                                                                           */
05604 /*  mergehulls()   Merge two adjacent Delaunay triangulations into a         */
05605 /*                 single Delaunay triangulation.                            */
05606 /*                                                                           */
05607 /*  This is similar to the algorithm given by Guibas and Stolfi, but uses    */
05608 /*  a triangle-based, rather than edge-based, data structure.                */
05609 /*                                                                           */
05610 /*  The algorithm walks up the gap between the two triangulations, knitting  */
05611 /*  them together.  As they are merged, some of their bounding triangles     */
05612 /*  are converted into real triangles of the triangulation.  The procedure   */
05613 /*  pulls each hull's bounding triangles apart, then knits them together     */
05614 /*  like the teeth of two gears.  The Delaunay property determines, at each  */
05615 /*  step, whether the next "tooth" is a bounding triangle of the left hull   */
05616 /*  or the right.  When a bounding triangle becomes real, its apex is        */
05617 /*  changed from NULL to a real vertex.                                      */
05618 /*                                                                           */
05619 /*  Only two new triangles need to be allocated.  These become new bounding  */
05620 /*  triangles at the top and bottom of the seam.  They are used to connect   */
05621 /*  the remaining bounding triangles (those that have not been converted     */
05622 /*  into real triangles) into a single fan.                                  */
05623 /*                                                                           */
05624 /*  On entry, `farleft' and `innerleft' are bounding triangles of the left   */
05625 /*  triangulation.  The origin of `farleft' is the leftmost vertex, and      */
05626 /*  the destination of `innerleft' is the rightmost vertex of the            */
05627 /*  triangulation.  Similarly, `innerright' and `farright' are bounding      */
05628 /*  triangles of the right triangulation.  The origin of `innerright' and    */
05629 /*  destination of `farright' are the leftmost and rightmost vertices.       */
05630 /*                                                                           */
05631 /*  On completion, the origin of `farleft' is the leftmost vertex of the     */
05632 /*  merged triangulation, and the destination of `farright' is the rightmost */
05633 /*  vertex.                                                                  */
05634 /*                                                                           */
05635 /*****************************************************************************/
05636 
05637 void mergehulls(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *farleft,
05638                 struct otri *innerleft, struct otri *innerright,
05639                 struct otri *farright, int axis)
05640 {
05641   struct otri leftcand, rightcand;
05642   struct otri baseedge;
05643   struct otri nextedge;
05644   struct otri sidecasing, topcasing, outercasing;
05645   struct otri checkedge;
05646   vertex innerleftdest;
05647   vertex innerrightorg;
05648   vertex innerleftapex, innerrightapex;
05649   vertex farleftpt, farrightpt;
05650   vertex farleftapex, farrightapex;
05651   vertex lowerleft, lowerright;
05652   vertex upperleft, upperright;
05653   vertex nextapex;
05654   vertex checkvertex;
05655   int changemade;
05656   int badedge;
05657   int leftfinished, rightfinished;
05658   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
05659 
05660   dest(*innerleft, innerleftdest);
05661   apex(*innerleft, innerleftapex);
05662   org(*innerright, innerrightorg);
05663   apex(*innerright, innerrightapex);
05664   /* Special treatment for horizontal cuts. */
05665   if (b->dwyer && (axis == 1)) {
05666     org(*farleft, farleftpt);
05667     apex(*farleft, farleftapex);
05668     dest(*farright, farrightpt);
05669     apex(*farright, farrightapex);
05670     /* The pointers to the extremal vertices are shifted to point to the */
05671     /*   topmost and bottommost vertex of each hull, rather than the     */
05672     /*   leftmost and rightmost vertices.                                */
05673     while (farleftapex[1] < farleftpt[1]) {
05674       lnextself(*farleft);
05675       symself(*farleft);
05676       farleftpt = farleftapex;
05677       apex(*farleft, farleftapex);
05678     }
05679     sym(*innerleft, checkedge);
05680     apex(checkedge, checkvertex);
05681     while (checkvertex[1] > innerleftdest[1]) {
05682       lnext(checkedge, *innerleft);
05683       innerleftapex = innerleftdest;
05684       innerleftdest = checkvertex;
05685       sym(*innerleft, checkedge);
05686       apex(checkedge, checkvertex);
05687     }
05688     while (innerrightapex[1] < innerrightorg[1]) {
05689       lnextself(*innerright);
05690       symself(*innerright);
05691       innerrightorg = innerrightapex;
05692       apex(*innerright, innerrightapex);
05693     }
05694     sym(*farright, checkedge);
05695     apex(checkedge, checkvertex);
05696     while (checkvertex[1] > farrightpt[1]) {
05697       lnext(checkedge, *farright);
05698       farrightapex = farrightpt;
05699       farrightpt = checkvertex;
05700       sym(*farright, checkedge);
05701       apex(checkedge, checkvertex);
05702     }
05703   }
05704   /* Find a line tangent to and below both hulls. */
05705   do {
05706     changemade = 0;
05707     /* Make innerleftdest the "bottommost" vertex of the left hull. */
05708     if (counterclockwise(m, b, innerleftdest, innerleftapex, innerrightorg) >
05709         0.0) {
05710       lprevself(*innerleft);
05711       symself(*innerleft);
05712       innerleftdest = innerleftapex;
05713       apex(*innerleft, innerleftapex);
05714       changemade = 1;
05715     }
05716     /* Make innerrightorg the "bottommost" vertex of the right hull. */
05717     if (counterclockwise(m, b, innerrightapex, innerrightorg, innerleftdest) >
05718         0.0) {
05719       lnextself(*innerright);
05720       symself(*innerright);
05721       innerrightorg = innerrightapex;
05722       apex(*innerright, innerrightapex);
05723       changemade = 1;
05724     }
05725   } while (changemade);
05726   /* Find the two candidates to be the next "gear tooth." */
05727   sym(*innerleft, leftcand);
05728   sym(*innerright, rightcand);
05729   /* Create the bottom new bounding triangle. */
05730   maketriangle(m, b, &baseedge);
05731   /* Connect it to the bounding boxes of the left and right triangulations. */
05732   bond(baseedge, *innerleft);
05733   lnextself(baseedge);
05734   bond(baseedge, *innerright);
05735   lnextself(baseedge);
05736   setorg(baseedge, innerrightorg);
05737   setdest(baseedge, innerleftdest);
05738   /* Apex is intentionally left NULL. */
05739   if (b->verbose > 2) {
05740     printf("  Creating base bounding ");
05741     printtriangle(m, b, &baseedge);
05742   }
05743   /* Fix the extreme triangles if necessary. */
05744   org(*farleft, farleftpt);
05745   if (innerleftdest == farleftpt) {
05746     lnext(baseedge, *farleft);
05747   }
05748   dest(*farright, farrightpt);
05749   if (innerrightorg == farrightpt) {
05750     lprev(baseedge, *farright);
05751   }
05752   /* The vertices of the current knitting edge. */
05753   lowerleft = innerleftdest;
05754   lowerright = innerrightorg;
05755   /* The candidate vertices for knitting. */
05756   apex(leftcand, upperleft);
05757   apex(rightcand, upperright);
05758   /* Walk up the gap between the two triangulations, knitting them together. */
05759   while (1) {
05760     /* Have we reached the top?  (This isn't quite the right question,       */
05761     /*   because even though the left triangulation might seem finished now, */
05762     /*   moving up on the right triangulation might reveal a new vertex of   */
05763     /*   the left triangulation.  And vice-versa.)                           */
05764     leftfinished = counterclockwise(m, b, upperleft, lowerleft, lowerright) <=
05765                    0.0;
05766     rightfinished = counterclockwise(m, b, upperright, lowerleft, lowerright)
05767                  <= 0.0;
05768     if (leftfinished && rightfinished) {
05769       /* Create the top new bounding triangle. */
05770       maketriangle(m, b, &nextedge);
05771       setorg(nextedge, lowerleft);
05772       setdest(nextedge, lowerright);
05773       /* Apex is intentionally left NULL. */
05774       /* Connect it to the bounding boxes of the two triangulations. */
05775       bond(nextedge, baseedge);
05776       lnextself(nextedge);
05777       bond(nextedge, rightcand);
05778       lnextself(nextedge);
05779       bond(nextedge, leftcand);
05780       if (b->verbose > 2) {
05781         printf("  Creating top bounding ");
05782         printtriangle(m, b, &nextedge);
05783       }
05784       /* Special treatment for horizontal cuts. */
05785       if (b->dwyer && (axis == 1)) {
05786         org(*farleft, farleftpt);
05787         apex(*farleft, farleftapex);
05788         dest(*farright, farrightpt);
05789         apex(*farright, farrightapex);
05790         sym(*farleft, checkedge);
05791         apex(checkedge, checkvertex);
05792         /* The pointers to the extremal vertices are restored to the  */
05793         /*   leftmost and rightmost vertices (rather than topmost and */
05794         /*   bottommost).                                             */
05795         while (checkvertex[0] < farleftpt[0]) {
05796           lprev(checkedge, *farleft);
05797           farleftapex = farleftpt;
05798           farleftpt = checkvertex;
05799           sym(*farleft, checkedge);
05800           apex(checkedge, checkvertex);
05801         }
05802         while (farrightapex[0] > farrightpt[0]) {
05803           lprevself(*farright);
05804           symself(*farright);
05805           farrightpt = farrightapex;
05806           apex(*farright, farrightapex);
05807         }
05808       }
05809       return;
05810     }
05811     /* Consider eliminating edges from the left triangulation. */
05812     if (!leftfinished) {
05813       /* What vertex would be exposed if an edge were deleted? */
05814       lprev(leftcand, nextedge);
05815       symself(nextedge);
05816       apex(nextedge, nextapex);
05817       /* If nextapex is NULL, then no vertex would be exposed; the */
05818       /*   triangulation would have been eaten right through.      */
05819       if (nextapex != (vertex) NULL) {
05820         /* Check whether the edge is Delaunay. */
05821         badedge = incircle(m, b, lowerleft, lowerright, upperleft, nextapex) >
05822                   0.0;
05823         while (badedge) {
05824           /* Eliminate the edge with an edge flip.  As a result, the    */
05825           /*   left triangulation will have one more boundary triangle. */
05826           lnextself(nextedge);
05827           sym(nextedge, topcasing);
05828           lnextself(nextedge);
05829           sym(nextedge, sidecasing);
05830           bond(nextedge, topcasing);
05831           bond(leftcand, sidecasing);
05832           lnextself(leftcand);
05833           sym(leftcand, outercasing);
05834           lprevself(nextedge);
05835           bond(nextedge, outercasing);
05836           /* Correct the vertices to reflect the edge flip. */
05837           setorg(leftcand, lowerleft);
05838           setdest(leftcand, NULL);
05839           setapex(leftcand, nextapex);
05840           setorg(nextedge, NULL);
05841           setdest(nextedge, upperleft);
05842           setapex(nextedge, nextapex);
05843           /* Consider the newly exposed vertex. */
05844           upperleft = nextapex;
05845           /* What vertex would be exposed if another edge were deleted? */
05846           otricopy(sidecasing, nextedge);
05847           apex(nextedge, nextapex);
05848           if (nextapex != (vertex) NULL) {
05849             /* Check whether the edge is Delaunay. */
05850             badedge = incircle(m, b, lowerleft, lowerright, upperleft,
05851                                nextapex) > 0.0;
05852           } else {
05853             /* Avoid eating right through the triangulation. */
05854             badedge = 0;
05855           }
05856         }
05857       }
05858     }
05859     /* Consider eliminating edges from the right triangulation. */
05860     if (!rightfinished) {
05861       /* What vertex would be exposed if an edge were deleted? */
05862       lnext(rightcand, nextedge);
05863       symself(nextedge);
05864       apex(nextedge, nextapex);
05865       /* If nextapex is NULL, then no vertex would be exposed; the */
05866       /*   triangulation would have been eaten right through.      */
05867       if (nextapex != (vertex) NULL) {
05868         /* Check whether the edge is Delaunay. */
05869         badedge = incircle(m, b, lowerleft, lowerright, upperright, nextapex) >
05870                   0.0;
05871         while (badedge) {
05872           /* Eliminate the edge with an edge flip.  As a result, the     */
05873           /*   right triangulation will have one more boundary triangle. */
05874           lprevself(nextedge);
05875           sym(nextedge, topcasing);
05876           lprevself(nextedge);
05877           sym(nextedge, sidecasing);
05878           bond(nextedge, topcasing);
05879           bond(rightcand, sidecasing);
05880           lprevself(rightcand);
05881           sym(rightcand, outercasing);
05882           lnextself(nextedge);
05883           bond(nextedge, outercasing);
05884           /* Correct the vertices to reflect the edge flip. */
05885           setorg(rightcand, NULL);
05886           setdest(rightcand, lowerright);
05887           setapex(rightcand, nextapex);
05888           setorg(nextedge, upperright);
05889           setdest(nextedge, NULL);
05890           setapex(nextedge, nextapex);
05891           /* Consider the newly exposed vertex. */
05892           upperright = nextapex;
05893           /* What vertex would be exposed if another edge were deleted? */
05894           otricopy(sidecasing, nextedge);
05895           apex(nextedge, nextapex);
05896           if (nextapex != (vertex) NULL) {
05897             /* Check whether the edge is Delaunay. */
05898             badedge = incircle(m, b, lowerleft, lowerright, upperright,
05899                                nextapex) > 0.0;
05900           } else {
05901             /* Avoid eating right through the triangulation. */
05902             badedge = 0;
05903           }
05904         }
05905       }
05906     }
05907     if (leftfinished || (!rightfinished &&
05908            (incircle(m, b, upperleft, lowerleft, lowerright, upperright) >
05909             0.0))) {
05910       /* Knit the triangulations, adding an edge from `lowerleft' */
05911       /*   to `upperright'.                                       */
05912       bond(baseedge, rightcand);
05913       lprev(rightcand, baseedge);
05914       setdest(baseedge, lowerleft);
05915       lowerright = upperright;
05916       sym(baseedge, rightcand);
05917       apex(rightcand, upperright);
05918     } else {
05919       /* Knit the triangulations, adding an edge from `upperleft' */
05920       /*   to `lowerright'.                                       */
05921       bond(baseedge, leftcand);
05922       lnext(leftcand, baseedge);
05923       setorg(baseedge, lowerright);
05924       lowerleft = upperleft;
05925       sym(baseedge, leftcand);
05926       apex(leftcand, upperleft);
05927     }
05928     if (b->verbose > 2) {
05929       printf("  Connecting ");
05930       printtriangle(m, b, &baseedge);
05931     }
05932   }
05933 }
05934 
05935 /*****************************************************************************/
05936 /*                                                                           */
05937 /*  divconqrecurse()   Recursively form a Delaunay triangulation by the      */
05938 /*                     divide-and-conquer method.                            */
05939 /*                                                                           */
05940 /*  Recursively breaks down the problem into smaller pieces, which are       */
05941 /*  knitted together by mergehulls().  The base cases (problems of two or    */
05942 /*  three vertices) are handled specially here.                              */
05943 /*                                                                           */
05944 /*  On completion, `farleft' and `farright' are bounding triangles such that */
05945 /*  the origin of `farleft' is the leftmost vertex (breaking ties by         */
05946 /*  choosing the highest leftmost vertex), and the destination of            */
05947 /*  `farright' is the rightmost vertex (breaking ties by choosing the        */
05948 /*  lowest rightmost vertex).                                                */
05949 /*                                                                           */
05950 /*****************************************************************************/
05951 
05952 void divconqrecurse(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, vertex *sortarray,
05953                     int vertices, int axis,
05954                     struct otri *farleft, struct otri *farright)
05955 {
05956   struct otri midtri, tri1, tri2, tri3;
05957   struct otri innerleft, innerright;
05958   float area;
05959   int divider;
05960 
05961   if (b->verbose > 2) {
05962     printf("  Triangulating %d vertices.\n", vertices);
05963   }
05964   if (vertices == 2) {
05965     /* The triangulation of two vertices is an edge.  An edge is */
05966     /*   represented by two bounding triangles.                  */
05967     maketriangle(m, b, farleft);
05968     setorg(*farleft, sortarray[0]);
05969     setdest(*farleft, sortarray[1]);
05970     /* The apex is intentionally left NULL. */
05971     maketriangle(m, b, farright);
05972     setorg(*farright, sortarray[1]);
05973     setdest(*farright, sortarray[0]);
05974     /* The apex is intentionally left NULL. */
05975     bond(*farleft, *farright);
05976     lprevself(*farleft);
05977     lnextself(*farright);
05978     bond(*farleft, *farright);
05979     lprevself(*farleft);
05980     lnextself(*farright);
05981     bond(*farleft, *farright);
05982     if (b->verbose > 2) {
05983       printf("  Creating ");
05984       printtriangle(m, b, farleft);
05985       printf("  Creating ");
05986       printtriangle(m, b, farright);
05987     }
05988     /* Ensure that the origin of `farleft' is sortarray[0]. */
05989     lprev(*farright, *farleft);
05990     return;
05991   } else if (vertices == 3) {
05992     /* The triangulation of three vertices is either a triangle (with */
05993     /*   three bounding triangles) or two edges (with four bounding   */
05994     /*   triangles).  In either case, four triangles are created.     */
05995     maketriangle(m, b, &midtri);
05996     maketriangle(m, b, &tri1);
05997     maketriangle(m, b, &tri2);
05998     maketriangle(m, b, &tri3);
05999     area = counterclockwise(m, b, sortarray[0], sortarray[1], sortarray[2]);
06000     if (area == 0.0) {
06001       /* Three collinear vertices; the triangulation is two edges. */
06002       setorg(midtri, sortarray[0]);
06003       setdest(midtri, sortarray[1]);
06004       setorg(tri1, sortarray[1]);
06005       setdest(tri1, sortarray[0]);
06006       setorg(tri2, sortarray[2]);
06007       setdest(tri2, sortarray[1]);
06008       setorg(tri3, sortarray[1]);
06009       setdest(tri3, sortarray[2]);
06010       /* All apices are intentionally left NULL. */
06011       bond(midtri, tri1);
06012       bond(tri2, tri3);
06013       lnextself(midtri);
06014       lprevself(tri1);
06015       lnextself(tri2);
06016       lprevself(tri3);
06017       bond(midtri, tri3);
06018       bond(tri1, tri2);
06019       lnextself(midtri);
06020       lprevself(tri1);
06021       lnextself(tri2);
06022       lprevself(tri3);
06023       bond(midtri, tri1);
06024       bond(tri2, tri3);
06025       /* Ensure that the origin of `farleft' is sortarray[0]. */
06026       otricopy(tri1, *farleft);
06027       /* Ensure that the destination of `farright' is sortarray[2]. */
06028       otricopy(tri2, *farright);
06029     } else {
06030       /* The three vertices are not collinear; the triangulation is one */
06031       /*   triangle, namely `midtri'.                                   */
06032       setorg(midtri, sortarray[0]);
06033       setdest(tri1, sortarray[0]);
06034       setorg(tri3, sortarray[0]);
06035       /* Apices of tri1, tri2, and tri3 are left NULL. */
06036       if (area > 0.0) {
06037         /* The vertices are in counterclockwise order. */
06038         setdest(midtri, sortarray[1]);
06039         setorg(tri1, sortarray[1]);
06040         setdest(tri2, sortarray[1]);
06041         setapex(midtri, sortarray[2]);
06042         setorg(tri2, sortarray[2]);
06043         setdest(tri3, sortarray[2]);
06044       } else {
06045         /* The vertices are in clockwise order. */
06046         setdest(midtri, sortarray[2]);
06047         setorg(tri1, sortarray[2]);
06048         setdest(tri2, sortarray[2]);
06049         setapex(midtri, sortarray[1]);
06050         setorg(tri2, sortarray[1]);
06051         setdest(tri3, sortarray[1]);
06052       }
06053       /* The topology does not depend on how the vertices are ordered. */
06054       bond(midtri, tri1);
06055       lnextself(midtri);
06056       bond(midtri, tri2);
06057       lnextself(midtri);
06058       bond(midtri, tri3);
06059       lprevself(tri1);
06060       lnextself(tri2);
06061       bond(tri1, tri2);
06062       lprevself(tri1);
06063       lprevself(tri3);
06064       bond(tri1, tri3);
06065       lnextself(tri2);
06066       lprevself(tri3);
06067       bond(tri2, tri3);
06068       /* Ensure that the origin of `farleft' is sortarray[0]. */
06069       otricopy(tri1, *farleft);
06070       /* Ensure that the destination of `farright' is sortarray[2]. */
06071       if (area > 0.0) {
06072         otricopy(tri2, *farright);
06073       } else {
06074         lnext(*farleft, *farright);
06075       }
06076     }
06077     if (b->verbose > 2) {
06078       printf("  Creating ");
06079       printtriangle(m, b, &midtri);
06080       printf("  Creating ");
06081       printtriangle(m, b, &tri1);
06082       printf("  Creating ");
06083       printtriangle(m, b, &tri2);
06084       printf("  Creating ");
06085       printtriangle(m, b, &tri3);
06086     }
06087     return;
06088   } else {
06089     /* Split the vertices in half. */
06090     divider = vertices >> 1;
06091     /* Recursively triangulate each half. */
06092     divconqrecurse(m, b, sortarray, divider, 1 - axis, farleft, &innerleft);
06093     divconqrecurse(m, b, &sortarray[divider], vertices - divider, 1 - axis,
06094                    &innerright, farright);
06095     if (b->verbose > 1) {
06096       printf("  Joining triangulations with %d and %d vertices.\n", divider,
06097              vertices - divider);
06098     }
06099     /* Merge the two triangulations into one. */
06100     mergehulls(m, b, farleft, &innerleft, &innerright, farright, axis);
06101   }
06102 }
06103 
06104 long removeghosts(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *startghost)
06105 {
06106   struct otri searchedge;
06107   struct otri dissolveedge;
06108   struct otri deadtriangle;
06109   vertex markorg;
06110   long hullsize;
06111   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
06112 
06113   if (b->verbose) {
06114     printf("  Removing ghost triangles.\n");
06115   }
06116   /* Find an edge on the convex hull to start point location from. */
06117   lprev(*startghost, searchedge);
06118   symself(searchedge);
06119   m->dummytri[0] = encode(searchedge);
06120   /* Remove the bounding box and count the convex hull edges. */
06121   otricopy(*startghost, dissolveedge);
06122   hullsize = 0;
06123   do {
06124     hullsize++;
06125     lnext(dissolveedge, deadtriangle);
06126     lprevself(dissolveedge);
06127     symself(dissolveedge);
06128     /* If no PSLG is involved, set the boundary markers of all the vertices */
06129     /*   on the convex hull.  If a PSLG is used, this step is done later.   */
06130     if (!b->poly) {
06131       /* Watch out for the case where all the input vertices are collinear. */
06132       if (dissolveedge.tri != m->dummytri) {
06133         org(dissolveedge, markorg);
06134         if (vertexmark(markorg) == 0) {
06135           setvertexmark(markorg, 1);
06136         }
06137       }
06138     }
06139     /* Remove a bounding triangle from a convex hull triangle. */
06140     dissolve(dissolveedge);
06141     /* Find the next bounding triangle. */
06142     sym(deadtriangle, dissolveedge);
06143     /* Delete the bounding triangle. */
06144     triangledealloc(m, deadtriangle.tri);
06145   } while (!otriequal(dissolveedge, *startghost));
06146   return hullsize;
06147 }
06148 
06149 /*****************************************************************************/
06150 /*                                                                           */
06151 /*  divconqdelaunay()   Form a Delaunay triangulation by the divide-and-     */
06152 /*                      conquer method.                                      */
06153 /*                                                                           */
06154 /*  Sorts the vertices, calls a recursive procedure to triangulate them, and */
06155 /*  removes the bounding box, setting boundary markers as appropriate.       */
06156 /*                                                                           */
06157 /*****************************************************************************/
06158 
06159 long divconqdelaunay(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
06160 {
06161   vertex *sortarray;
06162   struct otri hullleft, hullright;
06163   int divider;
06164   int i, j;
06165 
06166   if (b->verbose) {
06167     printf("  Sorting vertices.\n");
06168   }
06169 
06170   /* Allocate an array of pointers to vertices for sorting. */
06171   sortarray = (vertex *) trimalloc(m->invertices * (int) sizeof(vertex));
06172   traversalinit(&m->vertices);
06173   for (i = 0; i < m->invertices; i++) {
06174     sortarray[i] = vertextraverse(m);
06175   }
06176   /* Sort the vertices. */
06177   vertexsort(sortarray, m->invertices);
06178   /* Discard duplicate vertices, which can really mess up the algorithm. */
06179   i = 0;
06180   for (j = 1; j < m->invertices; j++) {
06181     if ((sortarray[i][0] == sortarray[j][0])
06182         && (sortarray[i][1] == sortarray[j][1])) {
06183       if (!b->quiet) {
06184         printf(
06185 "Warning:  A duplicate vertex at (%.12g, %.12g) appeared and was ignored.\n",
06186                sortarray[j][0], sortarray[j][1]);
06187       }
06188       setvertextype(sortarray[j], UNDEADVERTEX);
06189       m->undeads++;
06190     } else {
06191       i++;
06192       sortarray[i] = sortarray[j];
06193     }
06194   }
06195   i++;
06196   if (b->dwyer) {
06197     /* Re-sort the array of vertices to accommodate alternating cuts. */
06198     divider = i >> 1;
06199     if (i - divider >= 2) {
06200       if (divider >= 2) {
06201         alternateaxes(sortarray, divider, 1);
06202       }
06203       alternateaxes(&sortarray[divider], i - divider, 1);
06204     }
06205   }
06206 
06207   if (b->verbose) {
06208     printf("  Forming triangulation.\n");
06209   }
06210 
06211   /* Form the Delaunay triangulation. */
06212   divconqrecurse(m, b, sortarray, i, 0, &hullleft, &hullright);
06213   trifree((int *) sortarray);
06214 
06215   return removeghosts(m, b, &hullleft);
06216 }
06217 
06220 /********* Divide-and-conquer Delaunay triangulation ends here       *********/
06221 
06222 /********* General mesh construction routines begin here             *********/
06226 /*****************************************************************************/
06227 /*                                                                           */
06228 /*  delaunay()   Form a Delaunay triangulation.                              */
06229 /*                                                                           */
06230 /*****************************************************************************/
06231 
06232 long delaunay(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
06233 {
06234   long hulledges;
06235 
06236   m->eextras = 0;
06237   initializetrisubpools(m, b);
06238 
06239   if (!b->quiet) {
06240     printf(
06241       "Constructing Delaunay triangulation by divide-and-conquer method.\n");
06242   }
06243   hulledges = divconqdelaunay(m, b);
06244 
06245   if (m->triangles.items == 0) {
06246     /* The input vertices were all collinear, so there are no triangles. */
06247     return 0l;
06248   } else {
06249     return hulledges;
06250   }
06251 }
06252 
06255 /********* General mesh construction routines end here               *********/
06256 
06257 /********* Segment insertion begins here                             *********/
06261 /*****************************************************************************/
06262 /*                                                                           */
06263 /*  finddirection()   Find the first triangle on the path from one point     */
06264 /*                    to another.                                            */
06265 /*                                                                           */
06266 /*  Finds the triangle that intersects a line segment drawn from the         */
06267 /*  origin of `searchtri' to the point `searchpoint', and returns the result */
06268 /*  in `searchtri'.  The origin of `searchtri' does not change, even though  */
06269 /*  the triangle returned may differ from the one passed in.  This routine   */
06270 /*  is used to find the direction to move in to get from one point to        */
06271 /*  another.                                                                 */
06272 /*                                                                           */
06273 /*  The return value notes whether the destination or apex of the found      */
06274 /*  triangle is collinear with the two points in question.                   */
06275 /*                                                                           */
06276 /*****************************************************************************/
06277 
06278 enum finddirectionresult finddirection(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
06279                                        struct otri *searchtri,
06280                                        vertex searchpoint)
06281 {
06282   struct otri checktri;
06283   vertex startvertex;
06284   vertex leftvertex, rightvertex;
06285   float leftccw, rightccw;
06286   int leftflag, rightflag;
06287   triangle ptr;           /* Temporary variable used by onext() and oprev(). */
06288 
06289   org(*searchtri, startvertex);
06290   dest(*searchtri, rightvertex);
06291   apex(*searchtri, leftvertex);
06292   /* Is `searchpoint' to the left? */
06293   leftccw = counterclockwise(m, b, searchpoint, startvertex, leftvertex);
06294   leftflag = leftccw > 0.0;
06295   /* Is `searchpoint' to the right? */
06296   rightccw = counterclockwise(m, b, startvertex, searchpoint, rightvertex);
06297   rightflag = rightccw > 0.0;
06298   if (leftflag && rightflag) {
06299     /* `searchtri' faces directly away from `searchpoint'.  We could go left */
06300     /*   or right.  Ask whether it's a triangle or a boundary on the left.   */
06301     onext(*searchtri, checktri);
06302     if (checktri.tri == m->dummytri) {
06303       leftflag = 0;
06304     } else {
06305       rightflag = 0;
06306     }
06307   }
06308   while (leftflag) {
06309     /* Turn left until satisfied. */
06310     onextself(*searchtri);
06311     if (searchtri->tri == m->dummytri) {
06312       printf("Internal error in finddirection():  Unable to find a\n");
06313       printf("  triangle leading from (%.12g, %.12g) to", startvertex[0],
06314              startvertex[1]);
06315       printf("  (%.12g, %.12g).\n", searchpoint[0], searchpoint[1]);
06316       internalerror();
06317     }
06318     apex(*searchtri, leftvertex);
06319     rightccw = leftccw;
06320     leftccw = counterclockwise(m, b, searchpoint, startvertex, leftvertex);
06321     leftflag = leftccw > 0.0;
06322   }
06323   while (rightflag) {
06324     /* Turn right until satisfied. */
06325     oprevself(*searchtri);
06326     if (searchtri->tri == m->dummytri) {
06327       printf("Internal error in finddirection():  Unable to find a\n");
06328       printf("  triangle leading from (%.12g, %.12g) to", startvertex[0],
06329              startvertex[1]);
06330       printf("  (%.12g, %.12g).\n", searchpoint[0], searchpoint[1]);
06331       internalerror();
06332     }
06333     dest(*searchtri, rightvertex);
06334     leftccw = rightccw;
06335     rightccw = counterclockwise(m, b, startvertex, searchpoint, rightvertex);
06336     rightflag = rightccw > 0.0;
06337   }
06338   if (leftccw == 0.0) {
06339     return LEFTCOLLINEAR;
06340   } else if (rightccw == 0.0) {
06341     return RIGHTCOLLINEAR;
06342   } else {
06343     return WITHIN;
06344   }
06345 }
06346 
06347 /*****************************************************************************/
06348 /*                                                                           */
06349 /*  segmentintersection()   Find the intersection of an existing segment     */
06350 /*                          and a segment that is being inserted.  Insert    */
06351 /*                          a vertex at the intersection, splitting an       */
06352 /*                          existing subsegment.                             */
06353 /*                                                                           */
06354 /*  The segment being inserted connects the apex of splittri to endpoint2.   */
06355 /*  splitsubseg is the subsegment being split, and MUST adjoin splittri.     */
06356 /*  Hence, endpoints of the subsegment being split are the origin and        */
06357 /*  destination of splittri.                                                 */
06358 /*                                                                           */
06359 /*  On completion, splittri is a handle having the newly inserted            */
06360 /*  intersection point as its origin, and endpoint1 as its destination.      */
06361 /*                                                                           */
06362 /*****************************************************************************/
06363 
06364 void segmentintersection(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
06365                          struct otri *splittri, struct osub *splitsubseg,
06366                          vertex endpoint2)
06367 {
06368   struct osub opposubseg;
06369   vertex endpoint1;
06370   vertex torg, tdest;
06371   vertex leftvertex, rightvertex;
06372   vertex newvertex;
06373   enum insertvertexresult success;
06374   enum finddirectionresult collinear;
06375   float ex, ey;
06376   float tx, ty;
06377   float etx, ety;
06378   float split, denom;
06379   int i;
06380   triangle ptr;                       /* Temporary variable used by onext(). */
06381   subseg sptr;                        /* Temporary variable used by snext(). */
06382 
06383   /* Find the other three segment endpoints. */
06384   apex(*splittri, endpoint1);
06385   org(*splittri, torg);
06386   dest(*splittri, tdest);
06387   /* Segment intersection formulae; see the Antonio reference. */
06388   tx = tdest[0] - torg[0];
06389   ty = tdest[1] - torg[1];
06390   ex = endpoint2[0] - endpoint1[0];
06391   ey = endpoint2[1] - endpoint1[1];
06392   etx = torg[0] - endpoint2[0];
06393   ety = torg[1] - endpoint2[1];
06394   denom = ty * ex - tx * ey;
06395   if (denom == 0.0) {
06396     printf("Internal error in segmentintersection():");
06397     printf("  Attempt to find intersection of parallel segments.\n");
06398     internalerror();
06399   }
06400   split = (ey * etx - ex * ety) / denom;
06401   /* Create the new vertex. */
06402   newvertex = (vertex) poolalloc(&m->vertices);
06403   /* Interpolate its coordinate and attributes. */
06404   for (i = 0; i < 2 + m->nextras; i++) {
06405     newvertex[i] = torg[i] + split * (tdest[i] - torg[i]);
06406   }
06407   setvertexmark(newvertex, mark(*splitsubseg));
06408   setvertextype(newvertex, INPUTVERTEX);
06409   if (b->verbose > 1) {
06410     printf(
06411   "  Splitting subsegment (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g) at (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
06412            torg[0], torg[1], tdest[0], tdest[1], newvertex[0], newvertex[1]);
06413   }
06414   /* Insert the intersection vertex.  This should always succeed. */
06415   success = insertvertex(m, b, newvertex, splittri, splitsubseg, 0, 0);
06416   if (success != SUCCESSFULVERTEX) {
06417     printf("Internal error in segmentintersection():\n");
06418     printf("  Failure to split a segment.\n");
06419     internalerror();
06420   }
06421   /* Record a triangle whose origin is the new vertex. */
06422   setvertex2tri(newvertex, encode(*splittri));
06423   if (m->steinerleft > 0) {
06424     m->steinerleft--;
06425   }
06426 
06427   /* Divide the segment into two, and correct the segment endpoints. */
06428   ssymself(*splitsubseg);
06429   spivot(*splitsubseg, opposubseg);
06430   sdissolve(*splitsubseg);
06431   sdissolve(opposubseg);
06432   do {
06433     setsegorg(*splitsubseg, newvertex);
06434     snextself(*splitsubseg);
06435   } while (splitsubseg->ss != m->dummysub);
06436   do {
06437     setsegorg(opposubseg, newvertex);
06438     snextself(opposubseg);
06439   } while (opposubseg.ss != m->dummysub);
06440 
06441   /* Inserting the vertex may have caused edge flips.  We wish to rediscover */
06442   /*   the edge connecting endpoint1 to the new intersection vertex.         */
06443   collinear = finddirection(m, b, splittri, endpoint1);
06444   dest(*splittri, rightvertex);
06445   apex(*splittri, leftvertex);
06446   if ((leftvertex[0] == endpoint1[0]) && (leftvertex[1] == endpoint1[1])) {
06447     onextself(*splittri);
06448   } else if ((rightvertex[0] != endpoint1[0]) ||
06449              (rightvertex[1] != endpoint1[1])) {
06450     printf("Internal error in segmentintersection():\n");
06451     printf("  Topological inconsistency after splitting a segment.\n");
06452     internalerror();
06453   }
06454   /* `splittri' should have destination endpoint1. */
06455 }
06456 
06457 /*****************************************************************************/
06458 /*                                                                           */
06459 /*  scoutsegment()   Scout the first triangle on the path from one endpoint  */
06460 /*                   to another, and check for completion (reaching the      */
06461 /*                   second endpoint), a collinear vertex, or the            */
06462 /*                   intersection of two segments.                           */
06463 /*                                                                           */
06464 /*  Returns one if the entire segment is successfully inserted, and zero if  */
06465 /*  the job must be finished by conformingedge() or constrainededge().       */
06466 /*                                                                           */
06467 /*  If the first triangle on the path has the second endpoint as its         */
06468 /*  destination or apex, a subsegment is inserted and the job is done.       */
06469 /*                                                                           */
06470 /*  If the first triangle on the path has a destination or apex that lies on */
06471 /*  the segment, a subsegment is inserted connecting the first endpoint to   */
06472 /*  the collinear vertex, and the search is continued from the collinear     */
06473 /*  vertex.                                                                  */
06474 /*                                                                           */
06475 /*  If the first triangle on the path has a subsegment opposite its origin,  */
06476 /*  then there is a segment that intersects the segment being inserted.      */
06477 /*  Their intersection vertex is inserted, splitting the subsegment.         */
06478 /*                                                                           */
06479 /*****************************************************************************/
06480 
06481 int scoutsegment(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, struct otri *searchtri,
06482                  vertex endpoint2, int newmark)
06483 {
06484   struct otri crosstri;
06485   struct osub crosssubseg;
06486   vertex leftvertex, rightvertex;
06487   enum finddirectionresult collinear;
06488   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
06489 
06490   collinear = finddirection(m, b, searchtri, endpoint2);
06491   dest(*searchtri, rightvertex);
06492   apex(*searchtri, leftvertex);
06493   if (((leftvertex[0] == endpoint2[0]) && (leftvertex[1] == endpoint2[1])) ||
06494       ((rightvertex[0] == endpoint2[0]) && (rightvertex[1] == endpoint2[1]))) {
06495     /* The segment is already an edge in the mesh. */
06496     if ((leftvertex[0] == endpoint2[0]) && (leftvertex[1] == endpoint2[1])) {
06497       lprevself(*searchtri);
06498     }
06499     /* Insert a subsegment, if there isn't already one there. */
06500     insertsubseg(m, b, searchtri, newmark);
06501     return 1;
06502   } else if (collinear == LEFTCOLLINEAR) {
06503     /* We've collided with a vertex between the segment's endpoints. */
06504     /* Make the collinear vertex be the triangle's origin. */
06505     lprevself(*searchtri);
06506     insertsubseg(m, b, searchtri, newmark);
06507     /* Insert the remainder of the segment. */
06508     return scoutsegment(m, b, searchtri, endpoint2, newmark);
06509   } else if (collinear == RIGHTCOLLINEAR) {
06510     /* We've collided with a vertex between the segment's endpoints. */
06511     insertsubseg(m, b, searchtri, newmark);
06512     /* Make the collinear vertex be the triangle's origin. */
06513     lnextself(*searchtri);
06514     /* Insert the remainder of the segment. */
06515     return scoutsegment(m, b, searchtri, endpoint2, newmark);
06516   } else {
06517     lnext(*searchtri, crosstri);
06518     tspivot(crosstri, crosssubseg);
06519     /* Check for a crossing segment. */
06520     if (crosssubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
06521       return 0;
06522     } else {
06523       /* Insert a vertex at the intersection. */
06524       segmentintersection(m, b, &crosstri, &crosssubseg, endpoint2);
06525       otricopy(crosstri, *searchtri);
06526       insertsubseg(m, b, searchtri, newmark);
06527       /* Insert the remainder of the segment. */
06528       return scoutsegment(m, b, searchtri, endpoint2, newmark);
06529     }
06530   }
06531 }
06532 
06533 /*****************************************************************************/
06534 /*                                                                           */
06535 /*  delaunayfixup()   Enforce the Delaunay condition at an edge, fanning out */
06536 /*                    recursively from an existing vertex.  Pay special      */
06537 /*                    attention to stacking inverted triangles.              */
06538 /*                                                                           */
06539 /*  This is a support routine for inserting segments into a constrained      */
06540 /*  Delaunay triangulation.                                                  */
06541 /*                                                                           */
06542 /*  The origin of fixuptri is treated as if it has just been inserted, and   */
06543 /*  the local Delaunay condition needs to be enforced.  It is only enforced  */
06544 /*  in one sector, however, that being the angular range defined by          */
06545 /*  fixuptri.                                                                */
06546 /*                                                                           */
06547 /*  This routine also needs to make decisions regarding the "stacking" of    */
06548 /*  triangles.  (Read the description of constrainededge() below before      */
06549 /*  reading on here, so you understand the algorithm.)  If the position of   */
06550 /*  the new vertex (the origin of fixuptri) indicates that the vertex before */
06551 /*  it on the polygon is a reflex vertex, then "stack" the triangle by       */
06552 /*  doing nothing.  (fixuptri is an inverted triangle, which is how stacked  */
06553 /*  triangles are identified.)                                               */
06554 /*                                                                           */
06555 /*  Otherwise, check whether the vertex before that was a reflex vertex.     */
06556 /*  If so, perform an edge flip, thereby eliminating an inverted triangle    */
06557 /*  (popping it off the stack).  The edge flip may result in the creation    */
06558 /*  of a new inverted triangle, depending on whether or not the new vertex   */
06559 /*  is visible to the vertex three edges behind on the polygon.              */
06560 /*                                                                           */
06561 /*  If neither of the two vertices behind the new vertex are reflex          */
06562 /*  vertices, fixuptri and fartri, the triangle opposite it, are not         */
06563 /*  inverted; hence, ensure that the edge between them is locally Delaunay.  */
06564 /*                                                                           */
06565 /*  `leftside' indicates whether or not fixuptri is to the left of the       */
06566 /*  segment being inserted.  (Imagine that the segment is pointing up from   */
06567 /*  endpoint1 to endpoint2.)                                                 */
06568 /*                                                                           */
06569 /*****************************************************************************/
06570 
06571 void delaunayfixup(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
06572                    struct otri *fixuptri, int leftside)
06573 {
06574   struct otri neartri;
06575   struct otri fartri;
06576   struct osub faredge;
06577   vertex nearvertex, leftvertex, rightvertex, farvertex;
06578   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
06579   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
06580 
06581   lnext(*fixuptri, neartri);
06582   sym(neartri, fartri);
06583   /* Check if the edge opposite the origin of fixuptri can be flipped. */
06584   if (fartri.tri == m->dummytri) {
06585     return;
06586   }
06587   tspivot(neartri, faredge);
06588   if (faredge.ss != m->dummysub) {
06589     return;
06590   }
06591   /* Find all the relevant vertices. */
06592   apex(neartri, nearvertex);
06593   org(neartri, leftvertex);
06594   dest(neartri, rightvertex);
06595   apex(fartri, farvertex);
06596   /* Check whether the previous polygon vertex is a reflex vertex. */
06597   if (leftside) {
06598     if (counterclockwise(m, b, nearvertex, leftvertex, farvertex) <= 0.0) {
06599       /* leftvertex is a reflex vertex too.  Nothing can */
06600       /*   be done until a convex section is found.      */
06601       return;
06602     }
06603   } else {
06604     if (counterclockwise(m, b, farvertex, rightvertex, nearvertex) <= 0.0) {
06605       /* rightvertex is a reflex vertex too.  Nothing can */
06606       /*   be done until a convex section is found.       */
06607       return;
06608     }
06609   }
06610   if (counterclockwise(m, b, rightvertex, leftvertex, farvertex) > 0.0) {
06611     /* fartri is not an inverted triangle, and farvertex is not a reflex */
06612     /*   vertex.  As there are no reflex vertices, fixuptri isn't an     */
06613     /*   inverted triangle, either.  Hence, test the edge between the    */
06614     /*   triangles to ensure it is locally Delaunay.                     */
06615     if (incircle(m, b, leftvertex, farvertex, rightvertex, nearvertex) <=
06616         0.0) {
06617       return;
06618     }
06619     /* Not locally Delaunay; go on to an edge flip. */
06620   }        /* else fartri is inverted; remove it from the stack by flipping. */
06621   flip(m, b, &neartri);
06622   lprevself(*fixuptri);    /* Restore the origin of fixuptri after the flip. */
06623   /* Recursively process the two triangles that result from the flip. */
06624   delaunayfixup(m, b, fixuptri, leftside);
06625   delaunayfixup(m, b, &fartri, leftside);
06626 }
06627 
06628 /*****************************************************************************/
06629 /*                                                                           */
06630 /*  constrainededge()   Force a segment into a constrained Delaunay          */
06631 /*                      triangulation by deleting the triangles it           */
06632 /*                      intersects, and triangulating the polygons that      */
06633 /*                      form on each side of it.                             */
06634 /*                                                                           */
06635 /*  Generates a single subsegment connecting `endpoint1' to `endpoint2'.     */
06636 /*  The triangle `starttri' has `endpoint1' as its origin.  `newmark' is the */
06637 /*  boundary marker of the segment.                                          */
06638 /*                                                                           */
06639 /*  To insert a segment, every triangle whose interior intersects the        */
06640 /*  segment is deleted.  The union of these deleted triangles is a polygon   */
06641 /*  (which is not necessarily monotone, but is close enough), which is       */
06642 /*  divided into two polygons by the new segment.  This routine's task is    */
06643 /*  to generate the Delaunay triangulation of these two polygons.            */
06644 /*                                                                           */
06645 /*  You might think of this routine's behavior as a two-step process.  The   */
06646 /*  first step is to walk from endpoint1 to endpoint2, flipping each edge    */
06647 /*  encountered.  This step creates a fan of edges connected to endpoint1,   */
06648 /*  including the desired edge to endpoint2.  The second step enforces the   */
06649 /*  Delaunay condition on each side of the segment in an incremental manner: */
06650 /*  proceeding along the polygon from endpoint1 to endpoint2 (this is done   */
06651 /*  independently on each side of the segment), each vertex is "enforced"    */
06652 /*  as if it had just been inserted, but affecting only the previous         */
06653 /*  vertices.  The result is the same as if the vertices had been inserted   */
06654 /*  in the order they appear on the polygon, so the result is Delaunay.      */
06655 /*                                                                           */
06656 /*  In truth, constrainededge() interleaves these two steps.  The procedure  */
06657 /*  walks from endpoint1 to endpoint2, and each time an edge is encountered  */
06658 /*  and flipped, the newly exposed vertex (at the far end of the flipped     */
06659 /*  edge) is "enforced" upon the previously flipped edges, usually affecting */
06660 /*  only one side of the polygon (depending upon which side of the segment   */
06661 /*  the vertex falls on).                                                    */
06662 /*                                                                           */
06663 /*  The algorithm is complicated by the need to handle polygons that are not */
06664 /*  convex.  Although the polygon is not necessarily monotone, it can be     */
06665 /*  triangulated in a manner similar to the stack-based algorithms for       */
06666 /*  monotone polygons.  For each reflex vertex (local concavity) of the      */
06667 /*  polygon, there will be an inverted triangle formed by one of the edge    */
06668 /*  flips.  (An inverted triangle is one with negative area - that is, its   */
06669 /*  vertices are arranged in clockwise order - and is best thought of as a   */
06670 /*  wrinkle in the fabric of the mesh.)  Each inverted triangle can be       */
06671 /*  thought of as a reflex vertex pushed on the stack, waiting to be fixed   */
06672 /*  later.                                                                   */
06673 /*                                                                           */
06674 /*  A reflex vertex is popped from the stack when a vertex is inserted that  */
06675 /*  is visible to the reflex vertex.  (However, if the vertex behind the     */
06676 /*  reflex vertex is not visible to the reflex vertex, a new inverted        */
06677 /*  triangle will take its place on the stack.)  These details are handled   */
06678 /*  by the delaunayfixup() routine above.                                    */
06679 /*                                                                           */
06680 /*****************************************************************************/
06681 
06682 void constrainededge(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
06683                      struct otri *starttri, vertex endpoint2, int newmark)
06684 {
06685   struct otri fixuptri, fixuptri2;
06686   struct osub crosssubseg;
06687   vertex endpoint1;
06688   vertex farvertex;
06689   float area;
06690   int collision;
06691   int done;
06692   triangle ptr;             /* Temporary variable used by sym() and oprev(). */
06693   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
06694 
06695   org(*starttri, endpoint1);
06696   lnext(*starttri, fixuptri);
06697   flip(m, b, &fixuptri);
06698   /* `collision' indicates whether we have found a vertex directly */
06699   /*   between endpoint1 and endpoint2.                            */
06700   collision = 0;
06701   done = 0;
06702   do {
06703     org(fixuptri, farvertex);
06704     /* `farvertex' is the extreme point of the polygon we are "digging" */
06705     /*   to get from endpoint1 to endpoint2.                           */
06706     if ((farvertex[0] == endpoint2[0]) && (farvertex[1] == endpoint2[1])) {
06707       oprev(fixuptri, fixuptri2);
06708       /* Enforce the Delaunay condition around endpoint2. */
06709       delaunayfixup(m, b, &fixuptri, 0);
06710       delaunayfixup(m, b, &fixuptri2, 1);
06711       done = 1;
06712     } else {
06713       /* Check whether farvertex is to the left or right of the segment */
06714       /*   being inserted, to decide which edge of fixuptri to dig      */
06715       /*   through next.                                                */
06716       area = counterclockwise(m, b, endpoint1, endpoint2, farvertex);
06717       if (area == 0.0) {
06718         /* We've collided with a vertex between endpoint1 and endpoint2. */
06719         collision = 1;
06720         oprev(fixuptri, fixuptri2);
06721         /* Enforce the Delaunay condition around farvertex. */
06722         delaunayfixup(m, b, &fixuptri, 0);
06723         delaunayfixup(m, b, &fixuptri2, 1);
06724         done = 1;
06725       } else {
06726         if (area > 0.0) {        /* farvertex is to the left of the segment. */
06727           oprev(fixuptri, fixuptri2);
06728           /* Enforce the Delaunay condition around farvertex, on the */
06729           /*   left side of the segment only.                        */
06730           delaunayfixup(m, b, &fixuptri2, 1);
06731           /* Flip the edge that crosses the segment.  After the edge is */
06732           /*   flipped, one of its endpoints is the fan vertex, and the */
06733           /*   destination of fixuptri is the fan vertex.               */
06734           lprevself(fixuptri);
06735         } else {                /* farvertex is to the right of the segment. */
06736           delaunayfixup(m, b, &fixuptri, 0);
06737           /* Flip the edge that crosses the segment.  After the edge is */
06738           /*   flipped, one of its endpoints is the fan vertex, and the */
06739           /*   destination of fixuptri is the fan vertex.               */
06740           oprevself(fixuptri);
06741         }
06742         /* Check for two intersecting segments. */
06743         tspivot(fixuptri, crosssubseg);
06744         if (crosssubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
06745           flip(m, b, &fixuptri);    /* May create inverted triangle at left. */
06746         } else {
06747           /* We've collided with a segment between endpoint1 and endpoint2. */
06748           collision = 1;
06749           /* Insert a vertex at the intersection. */
06750           segmentintersection(m, b, &fixuptri, &crosssubseg, endpoint2);
06751           done = 1;
06752         }
06753       }
06754     }
06755   } while (!done);
06756   /* Insert a subsegment to make the segment permanent. */
06757   insertsubseg(m, b, &fixuptri, newmark);
06758   /* If there was a collision with an interceding vertex, install another */
06759   /*   segment connecting that vertex with endpoint2.                     */
06760   if (collision) {
06761     /* Insert the remainder of the segment. */
06762     if (!scoutsegment(m, b, &fixuptri, endpoint2, newmark)) {
06763       constrainededge(m, b, &fixuptri, endpoint2, newmark);
06764     }
06765   }
06766 }
06767 
06768 /*****************************************************************************/
06769 /*                                                                           */
06770 /*  insertsegment()   Insert a PSLG segment into a triangulation.            */
06771 /*                                                                           */
06772 /*****************************************************************************/
06773 
06774 void insertsegment(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
06775                    vertex endpoint1, vertex endpoint2, int newmark)
06776 {
06777   struct otri searchtri1, searchtri2;
06778   triangle encodedtri;
06779   vertex checkvertex;
06780   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
06781 
06782   if (b->verbose > 1) {
06783     printf("  Connecting (%.12g, %.12g) to (%.12g, %.12g).\n",
06784            endpoint1[0], endpoint1[1], endpoint2[0], endpoint2[1]);
06785   }
06786 
06787   /* Find a triangle whose origin is the segment's first endpoint. */
06788   checkvertex = (vertex) NULL;
06789   encodedtri = vertex2tri(endpoint1);
06790   if (encodedtri != (triangle) NULL) {
06791     decode(encodedtri, searchtri1);
06792     org(searchtri1, checkvertex);
06793   }
06794   if (checkvertex != endpoint1) {
06795     /* Find a boundary triangle to search from. */
06796     searchtri1.tri = m->dummytri;
06797     searchtri1.orient = 0;
06798     symself(searchtri1);
06799     /* Search for the segment's first endpoint by point location. */
06800     if (locate(m, b, endpoint1, &searchtri1) != ONVERTEX) {
06801       printf(
06802         "Internal error in insertsegment():  Unable to locate PSLG vertex\n");
06803       printf("  (%.12g, %.12g) in triangulation.\n",
06804              endpoint1[0], endpoint1[1]);
06805       internalerror();
06806     }
06807   }
06808   /* Remember this triangle to improve subsequent point location. */
06809   otricopy(searchtri1, m->recenttri);
06810   /* Scout the beginnings of a path from the first endpoint */
06811   /*   toward the second.                                   */
06812   if (scoutsegment(m, b, &searchtri1, endpoint2, newmark)) {
06813     /* The segment was easily inserted. */
06814     return;
06815   }
06816   /* The first endpoint may have changed if a collision with an intervening */
06817   /*   vertex on the segment occurred.                                      */
06818   org(searchtri1, endpoint1);
06819 
06820   /* Find a triangle whose origin is the segment's second endpoint. */
06821   checkvertex = (vertex) NULL;
06822   encodedtri = vertex2tri(endpoint2);
06823   if (encodedtri != (triangle) NULL) {
06824     decode(encodedtri, searchtri2);
06825     org(searchtri2, checkvertex);
06826   }
06827   if (checkvertex != endpoint2) {
06828     /* Find a boundary triangle to search from. */
06829     searchtri2.tri = m->dummytri;
06830     searchtri2.orient = 0;
06831     symself(searchtri2);
06832     /* Search for the segment's second endpoint by point location. */
06833     if (locate(m, b, endpoint2, &searchtri2) != ONVERTEX) {
06834       printf(
06835         "Internal error in insertsegment():  Unable to locate PSLG vertex\n");
06836       printf("  (%.12g, %.12g) in triangulation.\n",
06837              endpoint2[0], endpoint2[1]);
06838       internalerror();
06839     }
06840   }
06841   /* Remember this triangle to improve subsequent point location. */
06842   otricopy(searchtri2, m->recenttri);
06843   /* Scout the beginnings of a path from the second endpoint */
06844   /*   toward the first.                                     */
06845   if (scoutsegment(m, b, &searchtri2, endpoint1, newmark)) {
06846     /* The segment was easily inserted. */
06847     return;
06848   }
06849   /* The second endpoint may have changed if a collision with an intervening */
06850   /*   vertex on the segment occurred.                                       */
06851   org(searchtri2, endpoint2);
06852 
06853     /* Insert the segment directly into the triangulation. */
06854     constrainededge(m, b, &searchtri1, endpoint2, newmark);
06855 }
06856 
06857 /*****************************************************************************/
06858 /*                                                                           */
06859 /*  markhull()   Cover the convex hull of a triangulation with subsegments.  */
06860 /*                                                                           */
06861 /*****************************************************************************/
06862 
06863 void markhull(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
06864 {
06865   struct otri hulltri;
06866   struct otri nexttri;
06867   struct otri starttri;
06868   triangle ptr;             /* Temporary variable used by sym() and oprev(). */
06869 
06870   /* Find a triangle handle on the hull. */
06871   hulltri.tri = m->dummytri;
06872   hulltri.orient = 0;
06873   symself(hulltri);
06874   /* Remember where we started so we know when to stop. */
06875   otricopy(hulltri, starttri);
06876   /* Go once counterclockwise around the convex hull. */
06877   do {
06878     /* Create a subsegment if there isn't already one here. */
06879     insertsubseg(m, b, &hulltri, 1);
06880     /* To find the next hull edge, go clockwise around the next vertex. */
06881     lnextself(hulltri);
06882     oprev(hulltri, nexttri);
06883     while (nexttri.tri != m->dummytri) {
06884       otricopy(nexttri, hulltri);
06885       oprev(hulltri, nexttri);
06886     }
06887   } while (!otriequal(hulltri, starttri));
06888 }
06889 
06890 /*****************************************************************************/
06891 /*                                                                           */
06892 /*  formskeleton()   Create the segments of a triangulation, including PSLG  */
06893 /*                   segments and edges on the convex hull.                  */
06894 /*                                                                           */
06895 /*  The PSLG segments are read from a .poly file.  The return value is the   */
06896 /*  number of segments in the file.                                          */
06897 /*                                                                           */
06898 /*****************************************************************************/
06899 
06900 void formskeleton(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, int *segmentlist,
06901                   int *segmentmarkerlist, int numberofsegments)
06902 {
06903   char polyfilename[6];
06904   int index;
06905   vertex endpoint1, endpoint2;
06906   int segmentmarkers;
06907   int end1, end2;
06908   int boundmarker;
06909   int i;
06910 
06911   if (b->poly) {
06912     if (!b->quiet) {
06913       printf("Recovering segments in Delaunay triangulation.\n");
06914     }
06915     strcpy(polyfilename, "input");
06916     m->insegments = numberofsegments;
06917     segmentmarkers = segmentmarkerlist != (int *) NULL;
06918     index = 0;
06919     /* If the input vertices are collinear, there is no triangulation, */
06920     /*   so don't try to insert segments.                              */
06921     if (m->triangles.items == 0) {
06922       return;
06923     }
06924 
06925     /* If segments are to be inserted, compute a mapping */
06926     /*   from vertices to triangles.                     */
06927     if (m->insegments > 0) {
06928       makevertexmap(m, b);
06929       if (b->verbose) {
06930         printf("  Recovering PSLG segments.\n");
06931       }
06932     }
06933 
06934     boundmarker = 0;
06935     /* Read and insert the segments. */
06936     for (i = 0; i < m->insegments; i++) {
06937       end1 = segmentlist[index++];
06938       end2 = segmentlist[index++];
06939       if (segmentmarkers) {
06940         boundmarker = segmentmarkerlist[i];
06941       }
06942       if ((end1 < b->firstnumber) ||
06943           (end1 >= b->firstnumber + m->invertices)) {
06944         if (!b->quiet) {
06945           printf("Warning:  Invalid first endpoint of segment %d in %s.\n",
06946                  b->firstnumber + i, polyfilename);
06947         }
06948       } else if ((end2 < b->firstnumber) ||
06949                  (end2 >= b->firstnumber + m->invertices)) {
06950         if (!b->quiet) {
06951           printf("Warning:  Invalid second endpoint of segment %d in %s.\n",
06952                  b->firstnumber + i, polyfilename);
06953         }
06954       } else {
06955         /* Find the vertices numbered `end1' and `end2'. */
06956         endpoint1 = getvertex(m, b, end1);
06957         endpoint2 = getvertex(m, b, end2);
06958         if ((endpoint1[0] == endpoint2[0]) && (endpoint1[1] == endpoint2[1])) {
06959           if (!b->quiet) {
06960             printf("Warning:  Endpoints of segment %d are coincident in %s.\n",
06961                    b->firstnumber + i, polyfilename);
06962           }
06963         } else {
06964           insertsegment(m, b, endpoint1, endpoint2, boundmarker);
06965         }
06966       }
06967     }
06968   } else {
06969     m->insegments = 0;
06970   }
06971   if (b->convex || !b->poly) {
06972     /* Enclose the convex hull with subsegments. */
06973     if (b->verbose) {
06974       printf("  Enclosing convex hull with segments.\n");
06975     }
06976     markhull(m, b);
06977   }
06978 }
06979 
06982 /********* Segment insertion ends here                               *********/
06983 
06984 /********* Carving out holes and concavities begins here             *********/
06988 /*****************************************************************************/
06989 /*                                                                           */
06990 /*  infecthull()   Virally infect all of the triangles of the convex hull    */
06991 /*                 that are not protected by subsegments.  Where there are   */
06992 /*                 subsegments, set boundary markers as appropriate.         */
06993 /*                                                                           */
06994 /*****************************************************************************/
06995 
06996 void infecthull(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
06997 {
06998   struct otri hulltri;
06999   struct otri nexttri;
07000   struct otri starttri;
07001   struct osub hullsubseg;
07002   triangle **deadtriangle;
07003   vertex horg, hdest;
07004   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
07005   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
07006 
07007   if (b->verbose) {
07008     printf("  Marking concavities (external triangles) for elimination.\n");
07009   }
07010   /* Find a triangle handle on the hull. */
07011   hulltri.tri = m->dummytri;
07012   hulltri.orient = 0;
07013   symself(hulltri);
07014   /* Remember where we started so we know when to stop. */
07015   otricopy(hulltri, starttri);
07016   /* Go once counterclockwise around the convex hull. */
07017   do {
07018     /* Ignore triangles that are already infected. */
07019     if (!infected(hulltri)) {
07020       /* Is the triangle protected by a subsegment? */
07021       tspivot(hulltri, hullsubseg);
07022       if (hullsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
07023         /* The triangle is not protected; infect it. */
07024         if (!infected(hulltri)) {
07025           infect(hulltri);
07026           deadtriangle = (triangle **) poolalloc(&m->viri);
07027           *deadtriangle = hulltri.tri;
07028         }
07029       } else {
07030         /* The triangle is protected; set boundary markers if appropriate. */
07031         if (mark(hullsubseg) == 0) {
07032           setmark(hullsubseg, 1);
07033           org(hulltri, horg);
07034           dest(hulltri, hdest);
07035           if (vertexmark(horg) == 0) {
07036             setvertexmark(horg, 1);
07037           }
07038           if (vertexmark(hdest) == 0) {
07039             setvertexmark(hdest, 1);
07040           }
07041         }
07042       }
07043     }
07044     /* To find the next hull edge, go clockwise around the next vertex. */
07045     lnextself(hulltri);
07046     oprev(hulltri, nexttri);
07047     while (nexttri.tri != m->dummytri) {
07048       otricopy(nexttri, hulltri);
07049       oprev(hulltri, nexttri);
07050     }
07051   } while (!otriequal(hulltri, starttri));
07052 }
07053 
07054 /*****************************************************************************/
07055 /*                                                                           */
07056 /*  plague()   Spread the virus from all infected triangles to any neighbors */
07057 /*             not protected by subsegments.  Delete all infected triangles. */
07058 /*                                                                           */
07059 /*  This is the procedure that actually creates holes and concavities.       */
07060 /*                                                                           */
07061 /*  This procedure operates in two phases.  The first phase identifies all   */
07062 /*  the triangles that will die, and marks them as infected.  They are       */
07063 /*  marked to ensure that each triangle is added to the virus pool only      */
07064 /*  once, so the procedure will terminate.                                   */
07065 /*                                                                           */
07066 /*  The second phase actually eliminates the infected triangles.  It also    */
07067 /*  eliminates orphaned vertices.                                            */
07068 /*                                                                           */
07069 /*****************************************************************************/
07070 
07071 void plague(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
07072 {
07073   struct otri testtri;
07074   struct otri neighbor;
07075   triangle **virusloop;
07076   triangle **deadtriangle;
07077   struct osub neighborsubseg;
07078   vertex testvertex;
07079   vertex norg, ndest;
07080   vertex deadorg, deaddest, deadapex;
07081   int killorg;
07082   triangle ptr;             /* Temporary variable used by sym() and onext(). */
07083   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
07084 
07085   if (b->verbose) {
07086     printf("  Marking neighbors of marked triangles.\n");
07087   }
07088   /* Loop through all the infected triangles, spreading the virus to */
07089   /*   their neighbors, then to their neighbors' neighbors.          */
07090   traversalinit(&m->viri);
07091   virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07092   while (virusloop != (triangle **) NULL) {
07093     testtri.tri = *virusloop;
07094     /* A triangle is marked as infected by messing with one of its pointers */
07095     /*   to subsegments, setting it to an illegal value.  Hence, we have to */
07096     /*   temporarily uninfect this triangle so that we can examine its      */
07097     /*   adjacent subsegments.                                              */
07098     uninfect(testtri);
07099     if (b->verbose > 2) {
07100       /* Assign the triangle an orientation for convenience in */
07101       /*   checking its vertices.                              */
07102       testtri.orient = 0;
07103       org(testtri, deadorg);
07104       dest(testtri, deaddest);
07105       apex(testtri, deadapex);
07106       printf("    Checking (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
07107              deadorg[0], deadorg[1], deaddest[0], deaddest[1],
07108              deadapex[0], deadapex[1]);
07109     }
07110     /* Check each of the triangle's three neighbors. */
07111     for (testtri.orient = 0; testtri.orient < 3; testtri.orient++) {
07112       /* Find the neighbor. */
07113       sym(testtri, neighbor);
07114       /* Check for a subsegment between the triangle and its neighbor. */
07115       tspivot(testtri, neighborsubseg);
07116       /* Check if the neighbor is nonexistent or already infected. */
07117       if ((neighbor.tri == m->dummytri) || infected(neighbor)) {
07118         if (neighborsubseg.ss != m->dummysub) {
07119           /* There is a subsegment separating the triangle from its      */
07120           /*   neighbor, but both triangles are dying, so the subsegment */
07121           /*   dies too.                                                 */
07122           subsegdealloc(m, neighborsubseg.ss);
07123           if (neighbor.tri != m->dummytri) {
07124             /* Make sure the subsegment doesn't get deallocated again */
07125             /*   later when the infected neighbor is visited.         */
07126             uninfect(neighbor);
07127             tsdissolve(neighbor);
07128             infect(neighbor);
07129           }
07130         }
07131       } else {                   /* The neighbor exists and is not infected. */
07132         if (neighborsubseg.ss == m->dummysub) {
07133           /* There is no subsegment protecting the neighbor, so */
07134           /*   the neighbor becomes infected.                   */
07135           if (b->verbose > 2) {
07136             org(neighbor, deadorg);
07137             dest(neighbor, deaddest);
07138             apex(neighbor, deadapex);
07139             printf(
07140               "    Marking (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
07141                    deadorg[0], deadorg[1], deaddest[0], deaddest[1],
07142                    deadapex[0], deadapex[1]);
07143           }
07144           infect(neighbor);
07145           /* Ensure that the neighbor's neighbors will be infected. */
07146           deadtriangle = (triangle **) poolalloc(&m->viri);
07147           *deadtriangle = neighbor.tri;
07148         } else {               /* The neighbor is protected by a subsegment. */
07149           /* Remove this triangle from the subsegment. */
07150           stdissolve(neighborsubseg);
07151           /* The subsegment becomes a boundary.  Set markers accordingly. */
07152           if (mark(neighborsubseg) == 0) {
07153             setmark(neighborsubseg, 1);
07154           }
07155           org(neighbor, norg);
07156           dest(neighbor, ndest);
07157           if (vertexmark(norg) == 0) {
07158             setvertexmark(norg, 1);
07159           }
07160           if (vertexmark(ndest) == 0) {
07161             setvertexmark(ndest, 1);
07162           }
07163         }
07164       }
07165     }
07166     /* Remark the triangle as infected, so it doesn't get added to the */
07167     /*   virus pool again.                                             */
07168     infect(testtri);
07169     virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07170   }
07171 
07172   if (b->verbose) {
07173     printf("  Deleting marked triangles.\n");
07174   }
07175 
07176   traversalinit(&m->viri);
07177   virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07178   while (virusloop != (triangle **) NULL) {
07179     testtri.tri = *virusloop;
07180 
07181     /* Check each of the three corners of the triangle for elimination. */
07182     /*   This is done by walking around each vertex, checking if it is  */
07183     /*   still connected to at least one live triangle.                 */
07184     for (testtri.orient = 0; testtri.orient < 3; testtri.orient++) {
07185       org(testtri, testvertex);
07186       /* Check if the vertex has already been tested. */
07187       if (testvertex != (vertex) NULL) {
07188         killorg = 1;
07189         /* Mark the corner of the triangle as having been tested. */
07190         setorg(testtri, NULL);
07191         /* Walk counterclockwise about the vertex. */
07192         onext(testtri, neighbor);
07193         /* Stop upon reaching a boundary or the starting triangle. */
07194         while ((neighbor.tri != m->dummytri) &&
07195                (!otriequal(neighbor, testtri))) {
07196           if (infected(neighbor)) {
07197             /* Mark the corner of this triangle as having been tested. */
07198             setorg(neighbor, NULL);
07199           } else {
07200             /* A live triangle.  The vertex survives. */
07201             killorg = 0;
07202           }
07203           /* Walk counterclockwise about the vertex. */
07204           onextself(neighbor);
07205         }
07206         /* If we reached a boundary, we must walk clockwise as well. */
07207         if (neighbor.tri == m->dummytri) {
07208           /* Walk clockwise about the vertex. */
07209           oprev(testtri, neighbor);
07210           /* Stop upon reaching a boundary. */
07211           while (neighbor.tri != m->dummytri) {
07212             if (infected(neighbor)) {
07213             /* Mark the corner of this triangle as having been tested. */
07214               setorg(neighbor, NULL);
07215             } else {
07216               /* A live triangle.  The vertex survives. */
07217               killorg = 0;
07218             }
07219             /* Walk clockwise about the vertex. */
07220             oprevself(neighbor);
07221           }
07222         }
07223         if (killorg) {
07224           if (b->verbose > 1) {
07225             printf("    Deleting vertex (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
07226                    testvertex[0], testvertex[1]);
07227           }
07228           setvertextype(testvertex, UNDEADVERTEX);
07229           m->undeads++;
07230         }
07231       }
07232     }
07233 
07234     /* Record changes in the number of boundary edges, and disconnect */
07235     /*   dead triangles from their neighbors.                         */
07236     for (testtri.orient = 0; testtri.orient < 3; testtri.orient++) {
07237       sym(testtri, neighbor);
07238       if (neighbor.tri == m->dummytri) {
07239         /* There is no neighboring triangle on this edge, so this edge    */
07240         /*   is a boundary edge.  This triangle is being deleted, so this */
07241         /*   boundary edge is deleted.                                    */
07242         m->hullsize--;
07243       } else {
07244         /* Disconnect the triangle from its neighbor. */
07245         dissolve(neighbor);
07246         /* There is a neighboring triangle on this edge, so this edge */
07247         /*   becomes a boundary edge when this triangle is deleted.   */
07248         m->hullsize++;
07249       }
07250     }
07251     /* Return the dead triangle to the pool of triangles. */
07252     triangledealloc(m, testtri.tri);
07253     virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07254   }
07255   /* Empty the virus pool. */
07256   poolrestart(&m->viri);
07257 }
07258 
07259 /*****************************************************************************/
07260 /*                                                                           */
07261 /*  regionplague()   Spread regional attributes and/or area constraints      */
07262 /*                   (from a .poly file) throughout the mesh.                */
07263 /*                                                                           */
07264 /*  This procedure operates in two phases.  The first phase spreads an       */
07265 /*  attribute and/or an area constraint through a (segment-bounded) region.  */
07266 /*  The triangles are marked to ensure that each triangle is added to the    */
07267 /*  virus pool only once, so the procedure will terminate.                   */
07268 /*                                                                           */
07269 /*  The second phase uninfects all infected triangles, returning them to     */
07270 /*  normal.                                                                  */
07271 /*                                                                           */
07272 /*****************************************************************************/
07273 
07274 void regionplague(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
07275                   float attribute, float area)
07276 {
07277   struct otri testtri;
07278   struct otri neighbor;
07279   triangle **virusloop;
07280   triangle **regiontri;
07281   struct osub neighborsubseg;
07282   vertex regionorg, regiondest, regionapex;
07283   triangle ptr;             /* Temporary variable used by sym() and onext(). */
07284   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
07285 
07286   if (b->verbose > 1) {
07287     printf("  Marking neighbors of marked triangles.\n");
07288   }
07289   /* Loop through all the infected triangles, spreading the attribute      */
07290   /*   and/or area constraint to their neighbors, then to their neighbors' */
07291   /*   neighbors.                                                          */
07292   traversalinit(&m->viri);
07293   virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07294   while (virusloop != (triangle **) NULL) {
07295     testtri.tri = *virusloop;
07296     /* A triangle is marked as infected by messing with one of its pointers */
07297     /*   to subsegments, setting it to an illegal value.  Hence, we have to */
07298     /*   temporarily uninfect this triangle so that we can examine its      */
07299     /*   adjacent subsegments.                                              */
07300     uninfect(testtri);
07301     if (b->regionattrib) {
07302       /* Set an attribute. */
07303       setelemattribute(testtri, m->eextras, attribute);
07304     }
07305     if (b->vararea) {
07306       /* Set an area constraint. */
07307       setareabound(testtri, area);
07308     }
07309     if (b->verbose > 2) {
07310       /* Assign the triangle an orientation for convenience in */
07311       /*   checking its vertices.                              */
07312       testtri.orient = 0;
07313       org(testtri, regionorg);
07314       dest(testtri, regiondest);
07315       apex(testtri, regionapex);
07316       printf("    Checking (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
07317              regionorg[0], regionorg[1], regiondest[0], regiondest[1],
07318              regionapex[0], regionapex[1]);
07319     }
07320     /* Check each of the triangle's three neighbors. */
07321     for (testtri.orient = 0; testtri.orient < 3; testtri.orient++) {
07322       /* Find the neighbor. */
07323       sym(testtri, neighbor);
07324       /* Check for a subsegment between the triangle and its neighbor. */
07325       tspivot(testtri, neighborsubseg);
07326       /* Make sure the neighbor exists, is not already infected, and */
07327       /*   isn't protected by a subsegment.                          */
07328       if ((neighbor.tri != m->dummytri) && !infected(neighbor)
07329           && (neighborsubseg.ss == m->dummysub)) {
07330         if (b->verbose > 2) {
07331           org(neighbor, regionorg);
07332           dest(neighbor, regiondest);
07333           apex(neighbor, regionapex);
07334           printf("    Marking (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g) (%.12g, %.12g)\n",
07335                  regionorg[0], regionorg[1], regiondest[0], regiondest[1],
07336                  regionapex[0], regionapex[1]);
07337         }
07338         /* Infect the neighbor. */
07339         infect(neighbor);
07340         /* Ensure that the neighbor's neighbors will be infected. */
07341         regiontri = (triangle **) poolalloc(&m->viri);
07342         *regiontri = neighbor.tri;
07343       }
07344     }
07345     /* Remark the triangle as infected, so it doesn't get added to the */
07346     /*   virus pool again.                                             */
07347     infect(testtri);
07348     virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07349   }
07350 
07351   /* Uninfect all triangles. */
07352   if (b->verbose > 1) {
07353     printf("  Unmarking marked triangles.\n");
07354   }
07355   traversalinit(&m->viri);
07356   virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07357   while (virusloop != (triangle **) NULL) {
07358     testtri.tri = *virusloop;
07359     uninfect(testtri);
07360     virusloop = (triangle **) traverse(&m->viri);
07361   }
07362   /* Empty the virus pool. */
07363   poolrestart(&m->viri);
07364 }
07365 
07366 /*****************************************************************************/
07367 /*                                                                           */
07368 /*  carveholes()   Find the holes and infect them.  Find the area            */
07369 /*                 constraints and infect them.  Infect the convex hull.     */
07370 /*                 Spread the infection and kill triangles.  Spread the      */
07371 /*                 area constraints.                                         */
07372 /*                                                                           */
07373 /*  This routine mainly calls other routines to carry out all these          */
07374 /*  functions.                                                               */
07375 /*                                                                           */
07376 /*****************************************************************************/
07377 
07378 void carveholes(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, float *holelist, int holes,
07379                 float *regionlist, int regions)
07380 {
07381   struct otri searchtri;
07382   struct otri triangleloop;
07383   struct otri *regiontris;
07384   triangle **holetri;
07385   triangle **regiontri;
07386   vertex searchorg, searchdest;
07387   enum locateresult intersect;
07388   int i;
07389   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
07390 
07391   if (!(b->quiet || (b->noholes && b->convex))) {
07392     printf("Removing unwanted triangles.\n");
07393     if (b->verbose && (holes > 0)) {
07394       printf("  Marking holes for elimination.\n");
07395     }
07396   }
07397 
07398   if (regions > 0) {
07399     /* Allocate storage for the triangles in which region points fall. */
07400     regiontris = (struct otri *) trimalloc(regions *
07401                                            (int) sizeof(struct otri));
07402   } else {
07403     regiontris = (struct otri *) NULL;
07404   }
07405 
07406   if (((holes > 0) && !b->noholes) || !b->convex || (regions > 0)) {
07407     /* Initialize a pool of viri to be used for holes, concavities, */
07408     /*   regional attributes, and/or regional area constraints.     */
07409     poolinit(&m->viri, sizeof(triangle *), VIRUSPERBLOCK, VIRUSPERBLOCK, 0);
07410   }
07411 
07412   if (!b->convex) {
07413     /* Mark as infected any unprotected triangles on the boundary. */
07414     /*   This is one way by which concavities are created.         */
07415     infecthull(m, b);
07416   }
07417 
07418   if ((holes > 0) && !b->noholes) {
07419     /* Infect each triangle in which a hole lies. */
07420     for (i = 0; i < 2 * holes; i += 2) {
07421       /* Ignore holes that aren't within the bounds of the mesh. */
07422       if ((holelist[i] >= m->xmin) && (holelist[i] <= m->xmax)
07423           && (holelist[i + 1] >= m->ymin) && (holelist[i + 1] <= m->ymax)) {
07424         /* Start searching from some triangle on the outer boundary. */
07425         searchtri.tri = m->dummytri;
07426         searchtri.orient = 0;
07427         symself(searchtri);
07428         /* Ensure that the hole is to the left of this boundary edge; */
07429         /*   otherwise, locate() will falsely report that the hole    */
07430         /*   falls within the starting triangle.                      */
07431         org(searchtri, searchorg);
07432         dest(searchtri, searchdest);
07433         if (counterclockwise(m, b, searchorg, searchdest, &holelist[i]) >
07434             0.0) {
07435           /* Find a triangle that contains the hole. */
07436           intersect = locate(m, b, &holelist[i], &searchtri);
07437           if ((intersect != OUTSIDE) && (!infected(searchtri))) {
07438             /* Infect the triangle.  This is done by marking the triangle  */
07439             /*   as infected and including the triangle in the virus pool. */
07440             infect(searchtri);
07441             holetri = (triangle **) poolalloc(&m->viri);
07442             *holetri = searchtri.tri;
07443           }
07444         }
07445       }
07446     }
07447   }
07448 
07449   /* Now, we have to find all the regions BEFORE we carve the holes, because */
07450   /*   locate() won't work when the triangulation is no longer convex.       */
07451   /*   (Incidentally, this is the reason why regional attributes and area    */
07452   /*   constraints can't be used when refining a preexisting mesh, which     */
07453   /*   might not be convex; they can only be used with a freshly             */
07454   /*   triangulated PSLG.)                                                   */
07455   if (regions > 0) {
07456     /* Find the starting triangle for each region. */
07457     for (i = 0; i < regions; i++) {
07458       regiontris[i].tri = m->dummytri;
07459       /* Ignore region points that aren't within the bounds of the mesh. */
07460       if ((regionlist[4 * i] >= m->xmin) && (regionlist[4 * i] <= m->xmax) &&
07461           (regionlist[4 * i + 1] >= m->ymin) &&
07462           (regionlist[4 * i + 1] <= m->ymax)) {
07463         /* Start searching from some triangle on the outer boundary. */
07464         searchtri.tri = m->dummytri;
07465         searchtri.orient = 0;
07466         symself(searchtri);
07467         /* Ensure that the region point is to the left of this boundary */
07468         /*   edge; otherwise, locate() will falsely report that the     */
07469         /*   region point falls within the starting triangle.           */
07470         org(searchtri, searchorg);
07471         dest(searchtri, searchdest);
07472         if (counterclockwise(m, b, searchorg, searchdest, &regionlist[4 * i]) >
07473             0.0) {
07474           /* Find a triangle that contains the region point. */
07475           intersect = locate(m, b, &regionlist[4 * i], &searchtri);
07476           if ((intersect != OUTSIDE) && (!infected(searchtri))) {
07477             /* Record the triangle for processing after the */
07478             /*   holes have been carved.                    */
07479             otricopy(searchtri, regiontris[i]);
07480           }
07481         }
07482       }
07483     }
07484   }
07485 
07486   if (m->viri.items > 0) {
07487     /* Carve the holes and concavities. */
07488     plague(m, b);
07489   }
07490   /* The virus pool should be empty now. */
07491 
07492   if (regions > 0) {
07493     if (!b->quiet) {
07494       if (b->regionattrib) {
07495         if (b->vararea) {
07496           printf("Spreading regional attributes and area constraints.\n");
07497         } else {
07498           printf("Spreading regional attributes.\n");
07499         }
07500       } else { 
07501         printf("Spreading regional area constraints.\n");
07502       }
07503     }
07504     if (b->regionattrib && !b->refine) {
07505       /* Assign every triangle a regional attribute of zero. */
07506       traversalinit(&m->triangles);
07507       triangleloop.orient = 0;
07508       triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07509       while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
07510         setelemattribute(triangleloop, m->eextras, 0.0);
07511         triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07512       }
07513     }
07514     for (i = 0; i < regions; i++) {
07515       if (regiontris[i].tri != m->dummytri) {
07516         /* Make sure the triangle under consideration still exists. */
07517         /*   It may have been eaten by the virus.                   */
07518         if (!deadtri(regiontris[i].tri)) {
07519           /* Put one triangle in the virus pool. */
07520           infect(regiontris[i]);
07521           regiontri = (triangle **) poolalloc(&m->viri);
07522           *regiontri = regiontris[i].tri;
07523           /* Apply one region's attribute and/or area constraint. */
07524           regionplague(m, b, regionlist[4 * i + 2], regionlist[4 * i + 3]);
07525           /* The virus pool should be empty now. */
07526         }
07527       }
07528     }
07529     if (b->regionattrib && !b->refine) {
07530       /* Note the fact that each triangle has an additional attribute. */
07531       m->eextras++;
07532     }
07533   }
07534 
07535   /* Free up memory. */
07536   if (((holes > 0) && !b->noholes) || !b->convex || (regions > 0)) {
07537     pooldeinit(&m->viri);
07538   }
07539   if (regions > 0) {
07540     trifree((int *) regiontris);
07541   }
07542 }
07543 
07546 /********* Carving out holes and concavities ends here               *********/
07547 
07548 /*****************************************************************************/
07549 /*                                                                           */
07550 /*  highorder()   Create extra nodes for quadratic subparametric elements.   */
07551 /*                                                                           */
07552 /*****************************************************************************/
07553 
07554 void highorder(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
07555 {
07556   struct otri triangleloop, trisym;
07557   struct osub checkmark;
07558   vertex newvertex;
07559   vertex torg, tdest;
07560   int i;
07561   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
07562   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
07563 
07564   if (!b->quiet) {
07565     printf("Adding vertices for second-order triangles.\n");
07566   }
07567   /* The following line ensures that dead items in the pool of nodes    */
07568   /*   cannot be allocated for the extra nodes associated with high     */
07569   /*   order elements.  This ensures that the primary nodes (at the     */
07570   /*   corners of elements) will occur earlier in the output files, and */
07571   /*   have lower indices, than the extra nodes.                        */
07572   m->vertices.deaditemstack = (int *) NULL;
07573 
07574   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
07575   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07576   /* To loop over the set of edges, loop over all triangles, and look at   */
07577   /*   the three edges of each triangle.  If there isn't another triangle  */
07578   /*   adjacent to the edge, operate on the edge.  If there is another     */
07579   /*   adjacent triangle, operate on the edge only if the current triangle */
07580   /*   has a smaller pointer than its neighbor.  This way, each edge is    */
07581   /*   considered only once.                                               */
07582   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
07583     for (triangleloop.orient = 0; triangleloop.orient < 3;
07584          triangleloop.orient++) {
07585       sym(triangleloop, trisym);
07586       if ((triangleloop.tri < trisym.tri) || (trisym.tri == m->dummytri)) {
07587         org(triangleloop, torg);
07588         dest(triangleloop, tdest);
07589         /* Create a new node in the middle of the edge.  Interpolate */
07590         /*   its attributes.                                         */
07591         newvertex = (vertex) poolalloc(&m->vertices);
07592         for (i = 0; i < 2 + m->nextras; i++) {
07593           newvertex[i] = 0.5 * (torg[i] + tdest[i]);
07594         }
07595         /* Set the new node's marker to zero or one, depending on */
07596         /*   whether it lies on a boundary.                       */
07597         setvertexmark(newvertex, trisym.tri == m->dummytri);
07598         setvertextype(newvertex,
07599                       trisym.tri == m->dummytri ? FREEVERTEX : SEGMENTVERTEX);
07600         if (b->usesegments) {
07601           tspivot(triangleloop, checkmark);
07602           /* If this edge is a segment, transfer the marker to the new node. */
07603           if (checkmark.ss != m->dummysub) {
07604             setvertexmark(newvertex, mark(checkmark));
07605             setvertextype(newvertex, SEGMENTVERTEX);
07606           }
07607         }
07608         if (b->verbose > 1) {
07609           printf("  Creating (%.12g, %.12g).\n", newvertex[0], newvertex[1]);
07610         }
07611         /* Record the new node in the (one or two) adjacent elements. */
07612         triangleloop.tri[m->highorderindex + triangleloop.orient] =
07613                 (triangle) newvertex;
07614         if (trisym.tri != m->dummytri) {
07615           trisym.tri[m->highorderindex + trisym.orient] = (triangle) newvertex;
07616         }
07617       }
07618     }
07619     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07620   }
07621 }
07622 
07623 /********* File I/O routines begin here                              *********/
07627 /*****************************************************************************/
07628 /*                                                                           */
07629 /*  transfernodes()   Read the vertices from memory.                         */
07630 /*                                                                           */
07631 /*****************************************************************************/
07632 
07633 void transfernodes(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, float *pointlist,
07634                    float *pointattriblist, int *pointmarkerlist,
07635                    int numberofpoints, int numberofpointattribs)
07636 {
07637   vertex vertexloop;
07638   float x, y;
07639   int i, j;
07640   int coordindex;
07641   int attribindex;
07642 
07643   m->invertices = numberofpoints;
07644   m->mesh_dim = 2;
07645   m->nextras = numberofpointattribs;
07646   m->readnodefile = 0;
07647   if (m->invertices < 3) {
07648     printf("Error:  Input must have at least three input vertices.\n");
07649     triexit(1);
07650   }
07651   if (m->nextras == 0) {
07652     b->weighted = 0;
07653   }
07654 
07655   initializevertexpool(m, b);
07656 
07657   /* Read the vertices. */
07658   coordindex = 0;
07659   attribindex = 0;
07660   for (i = 0; i < m->invertices; i++) {
07661     vertexloop = (vertex) poolalloc(&m->vertices);
07662     /* Read the vertex coordinates. */
07663     x = vertexloop[0] = pointlist[coordindex++];
07664     y = vertexloop[1] = pointlist[coordindex++];
07665     /* Read the vertex attributes. */
07666     for (j = 0; j < numberofpointattribs; j++) {
07667       vertexloop[2 + j] = pointattriblist[attribindex++];
07668     }
07669     if (pointmarkerlist != (int *) NULL) {
07670       /* Read a vertex marker. */
07671       setvertexmark(vertexloop, pointmarkerlist[i]);
07672     } else {
07673       /* If no markers are specified, they default to zero. */
07674       setvertexmark(vertexloop, 0);
07675     }
07676     setvertextype(vertexloop, INPUTVERTEX);
07677     /* Determine the smallest and largest x and y coordinates. */
07678     if (i == 0) {
07679       m->xmin = m->xmax = x;
07680       m->ymin = m->ymax = y;
07681     } else {
07682       m->xmin = (x < m->xmin) ? x : m->xmin;
07683       m->xmax = (x > m->xmax) ? x : m->xmax;
07684       m->ymin = (y < m->ymin) ? y : m->ymin;
07685       m->ymax = (y > m->ymax) ? y : m->ymax;
07686     }
07687   }
07688 
07689   /* Nonexistent x value used as a flag to mark circle events in sweepline */
07690   /*   Delaunay algorithm.                                                 */
07691   m->xminextreme = 10 * m->xmin - 9 * m->xmax;
07692 }
07693 
07694 /*****************************************************************************/
07695 /*                                                                           */
07696 /*  writenodes()   Number the vertices and write them to a .node file.       */
07697 /*                                                                           */
07698 /*  To save memory, the vertex numbers are written over the boundary markers */
07699 /*  after the vertices are written to a file.                                */
07700 /*                                                                           */
07701 /*****************************************************************************/
07702 
07703 void writenodes(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, float **pointlist,
07704                 float **pointattriblist, int **pointmarkerlist)
07705 {
07706   float *plist;
07707   float *palist;
07708   int *pmlist;
07709   int coordindex;
07710   int attribindex;
07711   vertex vertexloop;
07712   long outvertices;
07713   int vertexnumber;
07714   int i;
07715 
07716   if (b->jettison) {
07717     outvertices = m->vertices.items - m->undeads;
07718   } else {
07719     outvertices = m->vertices.items;
07720   }
07721 
07722   if (!b->quiet) {
07723     printf("Writing vertices.\n");
07724   }
07725   /* Allocate memory for output vertices if necessary. */
07726   if (*pointlist == (float *) NULL) {
07727     *pointlist = (float *) trimalloc((int) (outvertices * 2 * sizeof(float)));
07728   }
07729   /* Allocate memory for output vertex attributes if necessary. */
07730   if ((m->nextras > 0) && (*pointattriblist == (float *) NULL)) {
07731     *pointattriblist = (float *) trimalloc((int) (outvertices * m->nextras *
07732                                                  sizeof(float)));
07733   }
07734   /* Allocate memory for output vertex markers if necessary. */
07735   if (!b->nobound && (*pointmarkerlist == (int *) NULL)) {
07736     *pointmarkerlist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (outvertices * sizeof(int)));
07737   }
07738   plist = *pointlist;
07739   palist = *pointattriblist;
07740   pmlist = *pointmarkerlist;
07741   coordindex = 0;
07742   attribindex = 0;
07743   traversalinit(&m->vertices);
07744   vertexnumber = b->firstnumber;
07745   vertexloop = vertextraverse(m);
07746   while (vertexloop != (vertex) NULL) {
07747     if (!b->jettison || (vertextype(vertexloop) != UNDEADVERTEX)) {
07748       /* X and y coordinates. */
07749       plist[coordindex++] = vertexloop[0];
07750       plist[coordindex++] = vertexloop[1];
07751       /* Vertex attributes. */
07752       for (i = 0; i < m->nextras; i++) {
07753         palist[attribindex++] = vertexloop[2 + i];
07754       }
07755       if (!b->nobound) {
07756         /* Copy the boundary marker. */
07757         pmlist[vertexnumber - b->firstnumber] = vertexmark(vertexloop);
07758       }
07759       setvertexmark(vertexloop, vertexnumber);
07760       vertexnumber++;
07761     }
07762     vertexloop = vertextraverse(m);
07763   }
07764 }
07765 
07766 /*****************************************************************************/
07767 /*                                                                           */
07768 /*  numbernodes()   Number the vertices.                                     */
07769 /*                                                                           */
07770 /*  Each vertex is assigned a marker equal to its number.                    */
07771 /*                                                                           */
07772 /*  Used when writenodes() is not called because no .node file is written.   */
07773 /*                                                                           */
07774 /*****************************************************************************/
07775 
07776 void numbernodes(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
07777 {
07778   vertex vertexloop;
07779   int vertexnumber;
07780 
07781   traversalinit(&m->vertices);
07782   vertexnumber = b->firstnumber;
07783   vertexloop = vertextraverse(m);
07784   while (vertexloop != (vertex) NULL) {
07785     setvertexmark(vertexloop, vertexnumber);
07786     if (!b->jettison || (vertextype(vertexloop) != UNDEADVERTEX)) {
07787       vertexnumber++;
07788     }
07789     vertexloop = vertextraverse(m);
07790   }
07791 }
07792 
07793 /*****************************************************************************/
07794 /*                                                                           */
07795 /*  writeelements()   Write the triangles to an .ele file.                   */
07796 /*                                                                           */
07797 /*****************************************************************************/
07798 
07799 void writeelements(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
07800                    int **trianglelist, float **triangleattriblist)
07801 {
07802   int *tlist;
07803   float *talist;
07804   int vertexindex;
07805   int attribindex;
07806   struct otri triangleloop;
07807   vertex p1, p2, p3;
07808   vertex mid1, mid2, mid3;
07809   long elementnumber;
07810   int i;
07811 
07812   if (!b->quiet) {
07813     printf("Writing triangles.\n");
07814   }
07815   /* Allocate memory for output triangles if necessary. */
07816   if (*trianglelist == (int *) NULL) {
07817     *trianglelist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (m->triangles.items *
07818                                              ((b->order + 1) * (b->order + 2) /
07819                                               2) * sizeof(int)));
07820   }
07821   /* Allocate memory for output triangle attributes if necessary. */
07822   if ((m->eextras > 0) && (*triangleattriblist == (float *) NULL)) {
07823     *triangleattriblist = (float *) trimalloc((int) (m->triangles.items *
07824                                                     m->eextras *
07825                                                     sizeof(float)));
07826   }
07827   tlist = *trianglelist;
07828   talist = *triangleattriblist;
07829   vertexindex = 0;
07830   attribindex = 0;
07831   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
07832   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07833   triangleloop.orient = 0;
07834   elementnumber = b->firstnumber;
07835   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
07836     org(triangleloop, p1);
07837     dest(triangleloop, p2);
07838     apex(triangleloop, p3);
07839     if (b->order == 1) {
07840       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(p1);
07841       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(p2);
07842       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(p3);
07843     } else {
07844       mid1 = (vertex) triangleloop.tri[m->highorderindex + 1];
07845       mid2 = (vertex) triangleloop.tri[m->highorderindex + 2];
07846       mid3 = (vertex) triangleloop.tri[m->highorderindex];
07847       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(p1);
07848       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(p2);
07849       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(p3);
07850       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(mid1);
07851       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(mid2);
07852       tlist[vertexindex++] = vertexmark(mid3);
07853     }
07854 
07855     for (i = 0; i < m->eextras; i++) {
07856       talist[attribindex++] = elemattribute(triangleloop, i);
07857     }
07858     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07859     elementnumber++;
07860   }
07861 }
07862 
07863 /*****************************************************************************/
07864 /*                                                                           */
07865 /*  writepoly()   Write the segments and holes to a .poly file.              */
07866 /*                                                                           */
07867 /*****************************************************************************/
07868 
07869 void writepoly(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
07870                int **segmentlist, int **segmentmarkerlist)
07871 {
07872   int *slist;
07873   int *smlist;
07874   int index;
07875   struct osub subsegloop;
07876   vertex endpoint1, endpoint2;
07877   long subsegnumber;
07878 
07879   if (!b->quiet) {
07880     printf("Writing segments.\n");
07881   }
07882   /* Allocate memory for output segments if necessary. */
07883   if (*segmentlist == (int *) NULL) {
07884     *segmentlist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (m->subsegs.items * 2 *
07885                                             sizeof(int)));
07886   }
07887   /* Allocate memory for output segment markers if necessary. */
07888   if (!b->nobound && (*segmentmarkerlist == (int *) NULL)) {
07889     *segmentmarkerlist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (m->subsegs.items *
07890                                                   sizeof(int)));
07891   }
07892   slist = *segmentlist;
07893   smlist = *segmentmarkerlist;
07894   index = 0;
07895   
07896   traversalinit(&m->subsegs);
07897   subsegloop.ss = subsegtraverse(m);
07898   subsegloop.ssorient = 0;
07899   subsegnumber = b->firstnumber;
07900   while (subsegloop.ss != (subseg *) NULL) {
07901     sorg(subsegloop, endpoint1);
07902     sdest(subsegloop, endpoint2);
07903     /* Copy indices of the segment's two endpoints. */
07904     slist[index++] = vertexmark(endpoint1);
07905     slist[index++] = vertexmark(endpoint2);
07906     if (!b->nobound) {
07907       /* Copy the boundary marker. */
07908       smlist[subsegnumber - b->firstnumber] = mark(subsegloop);
07909     }
07910     subsegloop.ss = subsegtraverse(m);
07911     subsegnumber++;
07912   }
07913 }
07914 
07915 /*****************************************************************************/
07916 /*                                                                           */
07917 /*  writeedges()   Write the edges to an .edge file.                         */
07918 /*                                                                           */
07919 /*****************************************************************************/
07920 
07921 void writeedges(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b,
07922                 int **edgelist, int **edgemarkerlist)
07923 {
07924   int *elist;
07925   int *emlist;
07926   int index;
07927   struct otri triangleloop, trisym;
07928   struct osub checkmark;
07929   vertex p1, p2;
07930   long edgenumber;
07931   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
07932   subseg sptr;                      /* Temporary variable used by tspivot(). */
07933 
07934   if (!b->quiet) {
07935     printf("Writing edges.\n");
07936   }
07937   /* Allocate memory for edges if necessary. */
07938   if (*edgelist == (int *) NULL) {
07939     *edgelist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (m->edges * 2 * sizeof(int)));
07940   }
07941   /* Allocate memory for edge markers if necessary. */
07942   if (!b->nobound && (*edgemarkerlist == (int *) NULL)) {
07943     *edgemarkerlist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (m->edges * sizeof(int)));
07944   }
07945   elist = *edgelist;
07946   emlist = *edgemarkerlist;
07947   index = 0;
07948 
07949   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
07950   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07951   edgenumber = b->firstnumber;
07952   /* To loop over the set of edges, loop over all triangles, and look at   */
07953   /*   the three edges of each triangle.  If there isn't another triangle  */
07954   /*   adjacent to the edge, operate on the edge.  If there is another     */
07955   /*   adjacent triangle, operate on the edge only if the current triangle */
07956   /*   has a smaller pointer than its neighbor.  This way, each edge is    */
07957   /*   considered only once.                                               */
07958   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
07959     for (triangleloop.orient = 0; triangleloop.orient < 3;
07960          triangleloop.orient++) {
07961       sym(triangleloop, trisym);
07962       if ((triangleloop.tri < trisym.tri) || (trisym.tri == m->dummytri)) {
07963         org(triangleloop, p1);
07964         dest(triangleloop, p2);
07965         elist[index++] = vertexmark(p1);
07966         elist[index++] = vertexmark(p2);
07967         if (b->nobound) {
07968         } else {
07969           /* Edge number, indices of two endpoints, and a boundary marker. */
07970           /*   If there's no subsegment, the boundary marker is zero.      */
07971           if (b->usesegments) {
07972             tspivot(triangleloop, checkmark);
07973             if (checkmark.ss == m->dummysub) {
07974               emlist[edgenumber - b->firstnumber] = 0;
07975             } else {
07976               emlist[edgenumber - b->firstnumber] = mark(checkmark);
07977             }
07978           } else {
07979             emlist[edgenumber - b->firstnumber] = trisym.tri == m->dummytri;
07980           }
07981         }
07982         edgenumber++;
07983       }
07984     }
07985     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
07986   }
07987 }
07988 
07989 /*****************************************************************************/
07990 /*                                                                           */
07991 /*  writevoronoi()   Write the Voronoi diagram to a .v.node and .v.edge      */
07992 /*                   file.                                                   */
07993 /*                                                                           */
07994 /*  The Voronoi diagram is the geometric dual of the Delaunay triangulation. */
07995 /*  Hence, the Voronoi vertices are listed by traversing the Delaunay        */
07996 /*  triangles, and the Voronoi edges are listed by traversing the Delaunay   */
07997 /*  edges.                                                                   */
07998 /*                                                                           */
07999 /*  WARNING:  In order to assign numbers to the Voronoi vertices, this       */
08000 /*  procedure messes up the subsegments or the extra nodes of every          */
08001 /*  element.  Hence, you should call this procedure last.                    */
08002 /*                                                                           */
08003 /*****************************************************************************/
08004 
08005 void writevoronoi(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, float **vpointlist,
08006                   float **vpointattriblist, int **vpointmarkerlist,
08007                   int **vedgelist, int **vedgemarkerlist, float **vnormlist)
08008 {
08009   float *plist;
08010   float *palist;
08011   int *elist;
08012   float *normlist;
08013   int coordindex;
08014   int attribindex;
08015   struct otri triangleloop, trisym;
08016   vertex torg, tdest, tapex;
08017   float circumcenter[2];
08018   float xi, eta;
08019   long vnodenumber, vedgenumber;
08020   int p1, p2;
08021   int i;
08022   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
08023 
08024   if (!b->quiet) {
08025     printf("Writing Voronoi vertices.\n");
08026   }
08027   /* Allocate memory for Voronoi vertices if necessary. */
08028   if (*vpointlist == (float *) NULL) {
08029     *vpointlist = (float *) trimalloc((int) (m->triangles.items * 2 *
08030                                             sizeof(float)));
08031   }
08032   /* Allocate memory for Voronoi vertex attributes if necessary. */
08033   if (*vpointattriblist == (float *) NULL) {
08034     *vpointattriblist = (float *) trimalloc((int) (m->triangles.items *
08035                                                   m->nextras * sizeof(float)));
08036   }
08037   *vpointmarkerlist = (int *) NULL;
08038   plist = *vpointlist;
08039   palist = *vpointattriblist;
08040   coordindex = 0;
08041   attribindex = 0;
08042 
08043   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
08044   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08045   triangleloop.orient = 0;
08046   vnodenumber = b->firstnumber;
08047   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
08048     org(triangleloop, torg);
08049     dest(triangleloop, tdest);
08050     apex(triangleloop, tapex);
08051     findcircumcenter(m, b, torg, tdest, tapex, circumcenter, &xi, &eta, 0);
08052 
08053     /* X and y coordinates. */
08054     plist[coordindex++] = circumcenter[0];
08055     plist[coordindex++] = circumcenter[1];
08056     for (i = 2; i < 2 + m->nextras; i++) {
08057       /* Interpolate the vertex attributes at the circumcenter. */
08058       palist[attribindex++] = torg[i] + xi * (tdest[i] - torg[i])
08059                                      + eta * (tapex[i] - torg[i]);
08060     }
08061 
08062     * (int *) (triangleloop.tri + 6) = (int) vnodenumber;
08063     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08064     vnodenumber++;
08065   }
08066 
08067   if (!b->quiet) {
08068     printf("Writing Voronoi edges.\n");
08069   }
08070   /* Allocate memory for output Voronoi edges if necessary. */
08071   if (*vedgelist == (int *) NULL) {
08072     *vedgelist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (m->edges * 2 * sizeof(int)));
08073   }
08074   *vedgemarkerlist = (int *) NULL;
08075   /* Allocate memory for output Voronoi norms if necessary. */
08076   if (*vnormlist == (float *) NULL) {
08077     *vnormlist = (float *) trimalloc((int) (m->edges * 2 * sizeof(float)));
08078   }
08079   elist = *vedgelist;
08080   normlist = *vnormlist;
08081   coordindex = 0;
08082 
08083   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
08084   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08085   vedgenumber = b->firstnumber;
08086   /* To loop over the set of edges, loop over all triangles, and look at   */
08087   /*   the three edges of each triangle.  If there isn't another triangle  */
08088   /*   adjacent to the edge, operate on the edge.  If there is another     */
08089   /*   adjacent triangle, operate on the edge only if the current triangle */
08090   /*   has a smaller pointer than its neighbor.  This way, each edge is    */
08091   /*   considered only once.                                               */
08092   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
08093     for (triangleloop.orient = 0; triangleloop.orient < 3;
08094          triangleloop.orient++) {
08095       sym(triangleloop, trisym);
08096       if ((triangleloop.tri < trisym.tri) || (trisym.tri == m->dummytri)) {
08097         /* Find the number of this triangle (and Voronoi vertex). */
08098         p1 = * (int *) (triangleloop.tri + 6);
08099         if (trisym.tri == m->dummytri) {
08100           org(triangleloop, torg);
08101           dest(triangleloop, tdest);
08102           /* Copy an infinite ray.  Index of one endpoint, and -1. */
08103           elist[coordindex] = p1;
08104           normlist[coordindex++] = tdest[1] - torg[1];
08105           elist[coordindex] = -1;
08106           normlist[coordindex++] = torg[0] - tdest[0];
08107         } else {
08108           /* Find the number of the adjacent triangle (and Voronoi vertex). */
08109           p2 = * (int *) (trisym.tri + 6);
08110           /* Finite edge.  Write indices of two endpoints. */
08111           elist[coordindex] = p1;
08112           normlist[coordindex++] = 0.0;
08113           elist[coordindex] = p2;
08114           normlist[coordindex++] = 0.0;
08115         }
08116         vedgenumber++;
08117       }
08118     }
08119     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08120   }
08121 }
08122 
08123 
08124 void writeneighbors(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b, int **neighborlist)
08125 {
08126   int *nlist;
08127   int index;
08128   struct otri triangleloop, trisym;
08129   long elementnumber;
08130   int neighbor1, neighbor2, neighbor3;
08131   triangle ptr;                         /* Temporary variable used by sym(). */
08132 
08133   if (!b->quiet) {
08134     printf("Writing neighbors.\n");
08135   }
08136   /* Allocate memory for neighbors if necessary. */
08137   if (*neighborlist == (int *) NULL) {
08138     *neighborlist = (int *) trimalloc((int) (m->triangles.items * 3 *
08139                                              sizeof(int)));
08140   }
08141   nlist = *neighborlist;
08142   index = 0;
08143 
08144   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
08145   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08146   triangleloop.orient = 0;
08147   elementnumber = b->firstnumber;
08148   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
08149     * (int *) (triangleloop.tri + 6) = (int) elementnumber;
08150     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08151     elementnumber++;
08152   }
08153   * (int *) (m->dummytri + 6) = -1;
08154 
08155   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
08156   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08157   elementnumber = b->firstnumber;
08158   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
08159     triangleloop.orient = 1;
08160     sym(triangleloop, trisym);
08161     neighbor1 = * (int *) (trisym.tri + 6);
08162     triangleloop.orient = 2;
08163     sym(triangleloop, trisym);
08164     neighbor2 = * (int *) (trisym.tri + 6);
08165     triangleloop.orient = 0;
08166     sym(triangleloop, trisym);
08167     neighbor3 = * (int *) (trisym.tri + 6);
08168     nlist[index++] = neighbor1;
08169     nlist[index++] = neighbor2;
08170     nlist[index++] = neighbor3;
08171 
08172     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08173     elementnumber++;
08174   }
08175 }
08176 
08179 /********* File I/O routines end here                                *********/
08180 
08181 /*****************************************************************************/
08182 /*                                                                           */
08183 /*  quality_statistics()   Print statistics about the quality of the mesh.   */
08184 /*                                                                           */
08185 /*****************************************************************************/
08186 
08187 void quality_statistics(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
08188 {
08189   struct otri triangleloop;
08190   vertex p[3];
08191   float cossquaretable[8];
08192   float ratiotable[16];
08193   float dx[3], dy[3];
08194   float edgelength[3];
08195   float dotproduct;
08196   float cossquare;
08197   float triarea;
08198   float shortest, longest;
08199   float trilongest2;
08200   float smallestarea, biggestarea;
08201   float triminaltitude2;
08202   float minaltitude;
08203   float triaspect2;
08204   float worstaspect;
08205   float smallestangle, biggestangle;
08206   float radconst, degconst;
08207   int angletable[18];
08208   int aspecttable[16];
08209   int aspectindex;
08210   int tendegree;
08211   int acutebiggest;
08212   int i, ii, j, k;
08213 
08214   printf("Mesh quality statistics:\n\n");
08215   radconst = PI / 18.0;
08216   degconst = 180.0 / PI;
08217   for (i = 0; i < 8; i++) {
08218     cossquaretable[i] = cos(radconst * (float) (i + 1));
08219     cossquaretable[i] = cossquaretable[i] * cossquaretable[i];
08220   }
08221   for (i = 0; i < 18; i++) {
08222     angletable[i] = 0;
08223   }
08224 
08225   ratiotable[0]  =      1.5;      ratiotable[1]  =     2.0;
08226   ratiotable[2]  =      2.5;      ratiotable[3]  =     3.0;
08227   ratiotable[4]  =      4.0;      ratiotable[5]  =     6.0;
08228   ratiotable[6]  =     10.0;      ratiotable[7]  =    15.0;
08229   ratiotable[8]  =     25.0;      ratiotable[9]  =    50.0;
08230   ratiotable[10] =    100.0;      ratiotable[11] =   300.0;
08231   ratiotable[12] =   1000.0;      ratiotable[13] = 10000.0;
08232   ratiotable[14] = 100000.0;      ratiotable[15] =     0.0;
08233   for (i = 0; i < 16; i++) {
08234     aspecttable[i] = 0;
08235   }
08236 
08237   worstaspect = 0.0;
08238   minaltitude = m->xmax - m->xmin + m->ymax - m->ymin;
08239   minaltitude = minaltitude * minaltitude;
08240   shortest = minaltitude;
08241   longest = 0.0;
08242   smallestarea = minaltitude;
08243   biggestarea = 0.0;
08244   worstaspect = 0.0;
08245   smallestangle = 0.0;
08246   biggestangle = 2.0;
08247   acutebiggest = 1;
08248 
08249   traversalinit(&m->triangles);
08250   triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08251   triangleloop.orient = 0;
08252   while (triangleloop.tri != (triangle *) NULL) {
08253     org(triangleloop, p[0]);
08254     dest(triangleloop, p[1]);
08255     apex(triangleloop, p[2]);
08256     trilongest2 = 0.0;
08257 
08258     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
08259       j = plus1mod3[i];
08260       k = minus1mod3[i];
08261       dx[i] = p[j][0] - p[k][0];
08262       dy[i] = p[j][1] - p[k][1];
08263       edgelength[i] = dx[i] * dx[i] + dy[i] * dy[i];
08264       if (edgelength[i] > trilongest2) {
08265         trilongest2 = edgelength[i];
08266       }
08267       if (edgelength[i] > longest) {
08268         longest = edgelength[i];
08269       }
08270       if (edgelength[i] < shortest) {
08271         shortest = edgelength[i];
08272       }
08273     }
08274 
08275     triarea = counterclockwise(m, b, p[0], p[1], p[2]);
08276     if (triarea < smallestarea) {
08277       smallestarea = triarea;
08278     }
08279     if (triarea > biggestarea) {
08280       biggestarea = triarea;
08281     }
08282     triminaltitude2 = triarea * triarea / trilongest2;
08283     if (triminaltitude2 < minaltitude) {
08284       minaltitude = triminaltitude2;
08285     }
08286     triaspect2 = trilongest2 / triminaltitude2;
08287     if (triaspect2 > worstaspect) {
08288       worstaspect = triaspect2;
08289     }
08290     aspectindex = 0;
08291     while ((triaspect2 > ratiotable[aspectindex] * ratiotable[aspectindex])
08292            && (aspectindex < 15)) {
08293       aspectindex++;
08294     }
08295     aspecttable[aspectindex]++;
08296 
08297     for (i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
08298       j = plus1mod3[i];
08299       k = minus1mod3[i];
08300       dotproduct = dx[j] * dx[k] + dy[j] * dy[k];
08301       cossquare = dotproduct * dotproduct / (edgelength[j] * edgelength[k]);
08302       tendegree = 8;
08303       for (ii = 7; ii >= 0; ii--) {
08304         if (cossquare > cossquaretable[ii]) {
08305           tendegree = ii;
08306         }
08307       }
08308       if (dotproduct <= 0.0) {
08309         angletable[tendegree]++;
08310         if (cossquare > smallestangle) {
08311           smallestangle = cossquare;
08312         }
08313         if (acutebiggest && (cossquare < biggestangle)) {
08314           biggestangle = cossquare;
08315         }
08316       } else {
08317         angletable[17 - tendegree]++;
08318         if (acutebiggest || (cossquare > biggestangle)) {
08319           biggestangle = cossquare;
08320           acutebiggest = 0;
08321         }
08322       }
08323     }
08324     triangleloop.tri = triangletraverse(m);
08325   }
08326 
08327   shortest = sqrt(shortest);
08328   longest = sqrt(longest);
08329   minaltitude = sqrt(minaltitude);
08330   worstaspect = sqrt(worstaspect);
08331   smallestarea *= 0.5;
08332   biggestarea *= 0.5;
08333   if (smallestangle >= 1.0) {
08334     smallestangle = 0.0;
08335   } else {
08336     smallestangle = degconst * acos(sqrt(smallestangle));
08337   }
08338   if (biggestangle >= 1.0) {
08339     biggestangle = 180.0;
08340   } else {
08341     if (acutebiggest) {
08342       biggestangle = degconst * acos(sqrt(biggestangle));
08343     } else {
08344       biggestangle = 180.0 - degconst * acos(sqrt(biggestangle));
08345     }
08346   }
08347 
08348   printf("  Smallest area: %16.5g   |  Largest area: %16.5g\n",
08349          smallestarea, biggestarea);
08350   printf("  Shortest edge: %16.5g   |  Longest edge: %16.5g\n",
08351          shortest, longest);
08352   printf("  Shortest altitude: %12.5g   |  Largest aspect ratio: %8.5g\n\n",
08353          minaltitude, worstaspect);
08354 
08355   printf("  Triangle aspect ratio histogram:\n");
08356   printf("  1.1547 - %-6.6g    :  %8d    | %6.6g - %-6.6g     :  %8d\n",
08357          ratiotable[0], aspecttable[0], ratiotable[7], ratiotable[8],
08358          aspecttable[8]);
08359   for (i = 1; i < 7; i++) {
08360     printf("  %6.6g - %-6.6g    :  %8d    | %6.6g - %-6.6g     :  %8d\n",
08361            ratiotable[i - 1], ratiotable[i], aspecttable[i],
08362            ratiotable[i + 7], ratiotable[i + 8], aspecttable[i + 8]);
08363   }
08364   printf("  %6.6g - %-6.6g    :  %8d    | %6.6g -            :  %8d\n",
08365          ratiotable[6], ratiotable[7], aspecttable[7], ratiotable[14],
08366          aspecttable[15]);
08367   printf("  (Aspect ratio is longest edge divided by shortest altitude)\n\n");
08368 
08369   printf("  Smallest angle: %15.5g   |  Largest angle: %15.5g\n\n",
08370          smallestangle, biggestangle);
08371 
08372   printf("  Angle histogram:\n");
08373   for (i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
08374     printf("    %3d - %3d degrees:  %8d    |    %3d - %3d degrees:  %8d\n",
08375            i * 10, i * 10 + 10, angletable[i],
08376            i * 10 + 90, i * 10 + 100, angletable[i + 9]);
08377   }
08378   printf("\n");
08379 }
08380 
08381 /*****************************************************************************/
08382 /*                                                                           */
08383 /*  statistics()   Print all sorts of cool facts.                            */
08384 /*                                                                           */
08385 /*****************************************************************************/
08386 
08387 void statistics(struct mesh *m, struct behavior *b)
08388 {
08389   printf("\nStatistics:\n\n");
08390   printf("  Input vertices: %d\n", m->invertices);
08391   if (b->refine) {
08392     printf("  Input triangles: %d\n", m->inelements);
08393   }
08394   if (b->poly) {
08395     printf("  Input segments: %d\n", m->insegments);
08396     if (!b->refine) {
08397       printf("  Input holes: %d\n", m->holes);
08398     }
08399   }
08400 
08401   printf("\n  Mesh vertices: %ld\n", m->vertices.items - m->undeads);
08402   printf("  Mesh triangles: %ld\n", m->triangles.items);
08403   printf("  Mesh edges: %ld\n", m->edges);
08404   printf("  Mesh exterior boundary edges: %ld\n", m->hullsize);
08405   if (b->poly || b->refine) {
08406     printf("  Mesh interior boundary edges: %ld\n",
08407            m->subsegs.items - m->hullsize);
08408     printf("  Mesh subsegments (constrained edges): %ld\n",
08409            m->subsegs.items);
08410   }
08411   printf("\n");
08412 
08413   if (b->verbose) {
08414     quality_statistics(m, b);
08415     printf("Memory allocation statistics:\n\n");
08416     printf("  Maximum number of vertices: %ld\n", m->vertices.maxitems);
08417     printf("  Maximum number of triangles: %ld\n", m->triangles.maxitems);
08418     if (m->subsegs.maxitems > 0) {
08419       printf("  Maximum number of subsegments: %ld\n", m->subsegs.maxitems);
08420     }
08421     if (m->viri.maxitems > 0) {
08422       printf("  Maximum number of viri: %ld\n", m->viri.maxitems);
08423     }
08424     if (m->badsubsegs.maxitems > 0) {
08425       printf("  Maximum number of encroached subsegments: %ld\n",
08426              m->badsubsegs.maxitems);
08427     }
08428     if (m->badtriangles.maxitems > 0) {
08429       printf("  Maximum number of bad triangles: %ld\n",
08430              m->badtriangles.maxitems);
08431     }
08432     if (m->flipstackers.maxitems > 0) {
08433       printf("  Maximum number of stacked triangle flips: %ld\n",
08434              m->flipstackers.maxitems);
08435     }
08436     if (m->splaynodes.maxitems > 0) {
08437       printf("  Maximum number of splay tree nodes: %ld\n",
08438              m->splaynodes.maxitems);
08439     }
08440     printf("  Approximate heap memory use (bytes): %ld\n\n",
08441            m->vertices.maxitems * m->vertices.itembytes +
08442            m->triangles.maxitems * m->triangles.itembytes +
08443            m->subsegs.maxitems * m->subsegs.itembytes +
08444            m->viri.maxitems * m->viri.itembytes +
08445            m->badsubsegs.maxitems * m->badsubsegs.itembytes +
08446            m->badtriangles.maxitems * m->badtriangles.itembytes +
08447            m->flipstackers.maxitems * m->flipstackers.itembytes +
08448            m->splaynodes.maxitems * m->splaynodes.itembytes);
08449 
08450     printf("Algorithmic statistics:\n\n");
08451     if (!b->weighted) {
08452       printf("  Number of incircle tests: %ld\n", m->incirclecount);
08453     } else {
08454       printf("  Number of 3D orientation tests: %ld\n", m->orient3dcount);
08455     }
08456     printf("  Number of 2D orientation tests: %ld\n", m->counterclockcount);
08457     if (m->hyperbolacount > 0) {
08458       printf("  Number of right-of-hyperbola tests: %ld\n",
08459              m->hyperbolacount);
08460     }
08461     if (m->circletopcount > 0) {
08462       printf("  Number of circle top computations: %ld\n",
08463              m->circletopcount);
08464     }
08465     if (m->circumcentercount > 0) {
08466       printf("  Number of triangle circumcenter computations: %ld\n",
08467              m->circumcentercount);
08468     }
08469     printf("\n");
08470   }
08471 }
08472 
08473 /*****************************************************************************/
08474 /*                                                                           */
08475 /*  main() or triangulate()   Gosh, do everything.                           */
08476 /*                                                                           */
08477 /*  The sequence is roughly as follows.  Many of these steps can be skipped, */
08478 /*  depending on the command line switches.                                  */
08479 /*                                                                           */
08480 /*  - Initialize constants and parse the command line.                       */
08481 /*  - Read the vertices from a file and either                               */
08482 /*    - triangulate them (no -r), or                                         */
08483 /*    - read an old mesh from files and reconstruct it (-r).                 */
08484 /*  - Insert the PSLG segments (-p), and possibly segments on the convex     */
08485 /*      hull (-c).                                                           */
08486 /*  - Read the holes (-p), regional attributes (-pA), and regional area      */
08487 /*      constraints (-pa).  Carve the holes and concavities, and spread the  */
08488 /*      regional attributes and area constraints.                            */
08489 /*  - Enforce the constraints on minimum angle (-q) and maximum area (-a).   */
08490 /*      Also enforce the conforming Delaunay property (-q and -a).           */
08491 /*  - Compute the number of edges in the resulting mesh.                     */
08492 /*  - Promote the mesh's linear triangles to higher order elements (-o).     */
08493 /*  - Write the output files and print the statistics.                       */
08494 /*  - Check the consistency and Delaunay property of the mesh (-C).          */
08495 /*                                                                           */
08496 /*****************************************************************************/
08497 
08498 void triangulate(char *triswitches, struct triangulateio *in,
08499                  struct triangulateio *out, struct triangulateio *vorout)
08500 {
08501   struct mesh m;
08502   struct behavior b;
08503   float *holearray;                                        /* Array of holes. */
08504   float *regionarray;   /* Array of regional attributes and area constraints. */
08505   
08506   triangleinit(&m);
08507   parsecommandline(1, &triswitches, &b);
08508   m.steinerleft = b.steiner;
08509 
08510   transfernodes(&m, &b, in->pointlist, in->pointattributelist,
08511                 in->pointmarkerlist, in->numberofpoints,
08512                 in->numberofpointattributes);
08513 
08514   m.hullsize = delaunay(&m, &b);                /* Triangulate the vertices. */
08515   /* Ensure that no vertex can be mistaken for a triangular bounding */
08516   /*   box vertex in insertvertex().                                 */
08517   m.infvertex1 = (vertex) NULL;
08518   m.infvertex2 = (vertex) NULL;
08519   m.infvertex3 = (vertex) NULL;
08520 
08521   if (b.usesegments) {
08522     m.checksegments = 1;                /* Segments will be introduced next. */
08523     if (!b.refine) {
08524       /* Insert PSLG segments and/or convex hull segments. */
08525       formskeleton(&m, &b, in->segmentlist,
08526                    in->segmentmarkerlist, in->numberofsegments);
08527     }
08528   }
08529 
08530   if (b.poly && (m.triangles.items > 0)) {
08531     holearray = in->holelist;
08532     m.holes = in->numberofholes;
08533     regionarray = in->regionlist;
08534     m.regions = in->numberofregions;
08535     if (!b.refine) {
08536       /* Carve out holes and concavities. */
08537       carveholes(&m, &b, holearray, m.holes, regionarray, m.regions);
08538     }
08539   } else {
08540     /* Without a PSLG, there can be no holes or regional attributes   */
08541     /*   or area constraints.  The following are set to zero to avoid */
08542     /*   an accidental free() later.                                  */
08543     m.holes = 0;
08544     m.regions = 0;
08545   }
08546 
08547   /* Calculate the number of edges. */
08548   m.edges = (3l * m.triangles.items + m.hullsize) / 2l;
08549 
08550   if (b.order > 1) {
08551     highorder(&m, &b);       /* Promote elements to higher polynomial order. */
08552   }
08553   if (!b.quiet) {
08554     printf("\n");
08555   }
08556 
08557   if (b.jettison) {
08558     out->numberofpoints = m.vertices.items - m.undeads;
08559   } else {
08560     out->numberofpoints = m.vertices.items;
08561   }
08562   out->numberofpointattributes = m.nextras;
08563   out->numberoftriangles = m.triangles.items;
08564   out->numberofcorners = (b.order + 1) * (b.order + 2) / 2;
08565   out->numberoftriangleattributes = m.eextras;
08566   out->numberofedges = m.edges;
08567   if (b.usesegments) {
08568     out->numberofsegments = m.subsegs.items;
08569   } else {
08570     out->numberofsegments = m.hullsize;
08571   }
08572   if (vorout != (struct triangulateio *) NULL) {
08573     vorout->numberofpoints = m.triangles.items;
08574     vorout->numberofpointattributes = m.nextras;
08575     vorout->numberofedges = m.edges;
08576   }
08577   /* If not using iteration numbers, don't write a .node file if one was */
08578   /*   read, because the original one would be overwritten!              */
08579   if (b.nonodewritten || (b.noiterationnum && m.readnodefile)) {
08580     if (!b.quiet) {
08581       printf("NOT writing vertices.\n");
08582     }
08583     numbernodes(&m, &b);         /* We must remember to number the vertices. */
08584   } else {
08585     /* writenodes() numbers the vertices too. */
08586     writenodes(&m, &b, &out->pointlist, &out->pointattributelist,
08587                &out->pointmarkerlist);
08588   }
08589   if (b.noelewritten) {
08590     if (!b.quiet) {
08591       printf("NOT writing triangles.\n");
08592     }
08593   } else {
08594     writeelements(&m, &b, &out->trianglelist, &out->triangleattributelist);
08595   }
08596   /* The -c switch (convex switch) causes a PSLG to be written */
08597   /*   even if none was read.                                  */
08598   if (b.poly || b.convex) {
08599     /* If not using iteration numbers, don't overwrite the .poly file. */
08600     if (b.nopolywritten || b.noiterationnum) {
08601       if (!b.quiet) {
08602         printf("NOT writing segments.\n");
08603       }
08604     } else {
08605       writepoly(&m, &b, &out->segmentlist, &out->segmentmarkerlist);
08606       out->numberofholes = m.holes;
08607       out->numberofregions = m.regions;
08608       if (b.poly) {
08609         out->holelist = in->holelist;
08610         out->regionlist = in->regionlist;
08611       } else {
08612         out->holelist = (float *) NULL;
08613         out->regionlist = (float *) NULL;
08614       }
08615     }
08616   }
08617   if (b.edgesout) {
08618     writeedges(&m, &b, &out->edgelist, &out->edgemarkerlist);
08619   }
08620   if (b.voronoi) {
08621     writevoronoi(&m, &b, &vorout->pointlist, &vorout->pointattributelist,
08622                  &vorout->pointmarkerlist, &vorout->edgelist,
08623                  &vorout->edgemarkerlist, &vorout->normlist);
08624   }
08625   if (b.neighbors) {
08626     writeneighbors(&m, &b, &out->neighborlist);
08627   }
08628 
08629   if (!b.quiet) {
08630     statistics(&m, &b);
08631   }
08632 
08633   triangledeinit(&m, &b);
08634 }


libviso2
Author(s): Andreas Geiger, Stephan Wirth
autogenerated on Mon Oct 6 2014 08:40:54